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Shenzhen
Asis. Ammarapala Zhiying.Chen Hosung.Chun Mehuli.Shah Lara.Zhou
China                          Pearl River Delta


Shenzhen is located in the Pearl River Delta in China’s Guangzhou district. One of the fastest growing and
busiest cities, Shenzhen is situated north of Hong Kong.




                                                                                               Shenzhen
Shenzhen History + Morphology of the city

        Tele Citta
        Cine Citta
         Archi Citta
farmlands               fisherman’s village




Shenzhen started out as a fishing village with only thirty thousand people. These villages were scattered along the river.
Land Cultivation and farming also existed during this period.
                                                                     1960 Fisherman’s Village/Land Cultivation
group pattern development for export




Shenzhen was made to be one of the First of the five Special Economic Zones of China. Shenzhen was developped at a
amazing pace since then. It was given the right of provincial-level economic administration.
                                                                          1980 Shenzhen Economic Zone
expansion of the city and high rise construction




The construction illustrates the success of Capitalism with Chinese Character. The construction boom not only happened
in the city but in rural areas as well. Urban village was a result of major population involving into the urbanization process
and isolated from the social structure.

                                                                  1994 Construction Boom and City Expansion
densification of the city by building up




As a city of Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen attracted the flow of migrants from the rest of China. Responding to its
population growth, city expansion shifted from the ground to the air.

                          2000 Densification and Increase in density due to migration of labor class
village in the city condition   congestion of living space




The fast expansion of urban space and the model of modernization (sez) has led to new social conflicts. This change
challenges the city to rethink its future.

                                                       2005 Spatial transformation and Social Conflict
City Model
H3
         H1
                                             H2


 Archi Citta = A+H1                          H1
                          H3        H2                                  H3
                                                            H2
     (1410 - 1979)



                                             H2

        H2
                               H3


        H1
H2                   H2



                                     Tele Citta = H3/A
         H2
                                         (1990 - current)



 Cine Citta = A+H2
                                                                      City Model
     (1980 - 1990)
Types of Public Space in Shenzhen




                                                              1. Shenzhen Civic Center
                                    Shenzhen boundary
                   1
             32                     Luohu business district
                                    Futian center district




                                                              2. Shenzhen Golf Club
                                             1




                       2

               3

                                                              3. Down Sha Urban Village
Shenzhen Civic Center : planned public space
Shenzhen is constructed based on “master plan” by shenzhen institution of urban design and research with a UK firm Llewe-
lyn-Davis. They designed a 250m wide park oriented in a south-north direction. Main traffic Shennan Road cut through
the site by an underground tunnel in order not to disturb the landscape.

a. westernized urban planning strategies
   Howard’s garden city Functional Districts
   New Town planning Landmark buildings
   Linear Parks



 Milton Keynes, UK




 Civic Center, Shenzhen
b. imperial planning stragegies
     Symmetric plans
     Spacial logic of power
     Axis planning
     Northern Mountain as landscape




               A1



               H2



               H1
        H2             H2
A2                            A2



               H2


                                      Beijing center   Shenzhen center
                A1
Lianhua Mountain Park




                                                                                   design by John Lee/Michael Timchula in 1997

                                                            Symbolic Architecture for citizens
             Library                           Children’s
                                                            The Civic center architecture is designed with symbolic
             Concert                           Center
                                Plaza
                                                            meaning such as national colors, traditional chinese cosmic
             Hall
                                                            philosophy and high speed development. The architecture
                                                            style and name are chosen by political preference and politi-
                            Civic Center
                                                            cal attention: power and demorcracy.
                                Plaza



                          Green Lanscape


                                                            Disfunctional landscape
                                                            Large scale landscape does not create an amiable space for
                               Plaza
              Hotels                           Hotels       citizens. Lack of access, the scale and the design restrict
                                                            people from using the space.

                              Exi b i ti o n
                              Center


Existing Condition
Shenzhen Golf Clubs : Utopian Urban
China Golf Boom
After the cultural revolution, the his-
tory and culture were attempted to be
eradicated, hence golf courses, theme
parks and other picturesque settings
were more widely accepted.
The first golf course of China was estab-
lished in 1982. In 1994 there were just
                                                                              villas surrounding the golf course
20 golf clubs which have reached to a
number of 200 currently.
The golf clubs accompany other elements like hotels, resort/rec-
reational areas, high rise developments, lakes, trees etc. It
is becoming the new model of urbanism in China.
Globalization accompanies the development of more golf clubs.
They aim to hold golf cups and championships in their golf
clubs in order to invite international golf celebrities like Tiger
Woods and Vijay Singh.
                                                                              resort construction along the edge of the golf course




a typical golf course field in C       chinese players from the elite class   international players attending a golf tournament
Shenzhen Golf Clubs




One of the first golf clubs that were established in Shenzhen
was the Shenzhen Golf Club in 1985. This was before the Golf
Boom in China. Mission Hills Golf Club established itself in
1995 and brought to China many international tournaments
and world cups.
These golf clubs replaced many agricultural fields and became
a part of the hills in Shenzhen.
Shenzhen Golf Club
                                                                                                            H3
The golf club is surrounded by villages, high rise buildings, the civic center and other
institutional and industrial programs

                                                                                           Tele Citta = H3/A+E
            institutional               light industrial              civic center




                                                                                           high rise




                            Shenzhen Golf Club



                                                                                           village in the city




roads

high rise
village
other
water
                                                                                           civic center
greenery
Down sha urban village : pedestrian city
Urban village is a type of community inside the city. It is a result of resistance to the modern
urbanization by market-oriented development through spontaneous high-density development
by the villagers. They are a result of housing shortage and massive immigration caused by
rapid development of Shenzhen. These heterotopic elements are known to be negative
public spaces serving the middle/low income people by providing illegal living spaces and
services. The buildings are squeezed leaving a space of less than 2m. Commercial and social
services are self-sustained inside the urban village.
a. Archi Citta: traditional village gathering around ancestor temple in agriculture time, before 1960-70




                                                                                      ancestor building was important
                                                                                      landmark and the open space
                                                                                      in front of it is considered pulbic
                                                                                      space in the village



                                                                                      agriculture pattern




                                                                                      village housing




                                                                                                H1




                                                                                      Archi Citta = A+H1


               Urban density
                                                  Population       Social structure                     Ownership
     Archi Citta                                                                 generations of                individual
                                                  100-200                    =
                                                                     +
                                                                                 famers
b.Cine Citta: residential area for immigrants and self-sustained industrial services



                                                                                                    H2



                                                                                                    H1
                                                                                            H2                H2



                                                                                                    H2



                                                                                            Cine Citta = A+H2




                                                                                            ancestor building and open space



                                                                                            village housing



                                                                                            new village housing


                                                                                            industrial area




             Urban density                           Population     Social structure                          Ownership
                                                                                  generations of                   individual
                                                     100-200                  =
                                                                      +
Archi Citta                                                                       famers
                                                                                                                   collective group
                                                                                      villagers/workers
                                                                          +       =
                                                     200-300
Cine Citta                                                                                                         of farmers
c. Tele Citta: renovated ancestor temple area, plaza and playground
                                                                                                                                      H3


                                                                                                                       H2



                                                                                                                       H1
                                                                                                      H3         H2                             H3
                                                                                                                              H2



                                                                                                                       H2


                                                                                                           H3               Tele Citta = H3/A




                                                                                    ancestor building and open space


                                                                                    densified housing


                                                                                    industrial area


                                                                                    new development of high-
                                                                                    rise residential building



                                                                                    new public space: plaza, shop-
                                                                                    ping mall, museum

                                                                                    lanes

              Urban density                         Population        Social structure                          Ownership
                                                                                    generations of                    individual
                                                    100-200                     =
Archi Citta                                                            +
                                                                                    famers
                                                                                                                      collective group
                                                                                        villagers/work-
                                                                            +       =
Cine Citta                                          200-300
                                                                                                                      of farmers


                                                                                         = villagers                  collective group
                                                    1000-3000               +
Tele Citta                                                                                  workers                   of farmers

                                                                                    white-collar work-
park                                                                                              street activiteis




ancestor temple                                                                                             playground

                  urban village city development                   New urban design strategies are cre-
                                                                   ating new public codes for the private
                                   private               private   urban village.
                  building/land:             building:


                                                     public
                                             land:

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Shenzen

  • 1. Shenzhen Asis. Ammarapala Zhiying.Chen Hosung.Chun Mehuli.Shah Lara.Zhou
  • 2. China Pearl River Delta Shenzhen is located in the Pearl River Delta in China’s Guangzhou district. One of the fastest growing and busiest cities, Shenzhen is situated north of Hong Kong. Shenzhen
  • 3. Shenzhen History + Morphology of the city Tele Citta Cine Citta Archi Citta
  • 4. farmlands fisherman’s village Shenzhen started out as a fishing village with only thirty thousand people. These villages were scattered along the river. Land Cultivation and farming also existed during this period. 1960 Fisherman’s Village/Land Cultivation
  • 5. group pattern development for export Shenzhen was made to be one of the First of the five Special Economic Zones of China. Shenzhen was developped at a amazing pace since then. It was given the right of provincial-level economic administration. 1980 Shenzhen Economic Zone
  • 6. expansion of the city and high rise construction The construction illustrates the success of Capitalism with Chinese Character. The construction boom not only happened in the city but in rural areas as well. Urban village was a result of major population involving into the urbanization process and isolated from the social structure. 1994 Construction Boom and City Expansion
  • 7. densification of the city by building up As a city of Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen attracted the flow of migrants from the rest of China. Responding to its population growth, city expansion shifted from the ground to the air. 2000 Densification and Increase in density due to migration of labor class
  • 8. village in the city condition congestion of living space The fast expansion of urban space and the model of modernization (sez) has led to new social conflicts. This change challenges the city to rethink its future. 2005 Spatial transformation and Social Conflict
  • 10. H3 H1 H2 Archi Citta = A+H1 H1 H3 H2 H3 H2 (1410 - 1979) H2 H2 H3 H1 H2 H2 Tele Citta = H3/A H2 (1990 - current) Cine Citta = A+H2 City Model (1980 - 1990)
  • 11. Types of Public Space in Shenzhen 1. Shenzhen Civic Center Shenzhen boundary 1 32 Luohu business district Futian center district 2. Shenzhen Golf Club 1 2 3 3. Down Sha Urban Village
  • 12. Shenzhen Civic Center : planned public space Shenzhen is constructed based on “master plan” by shenzhen institution of urban design and research with a UK firm Llewe- lyn-Davis. They designed a 250m wide park oriented in a south-north direction. Main traffic Shennan Road cut through the site by an underground tunnel in order not to disturb the landscape. a. westernized urban planning strategies Howard’s garden city Functional Districts New Town planning Landmark buildings Linear Parks Milton Keynes, UK Civic Center, Shenzhen
  • 13. b. imperial planning stragegies Symmetric plans Spacial logic of power Axis planning Northern Mountain as landscape A1 H2 H1 H2 H2 A2 A2 H2 Beijing center Shenzhen center A1
  • 14. Lianhua Mountain Park design by John Lee/Michael Timchula in 1997 Symbolic Architecture for citizens Library Children’s The Civic center architecture is designed with symbolic Concert Center Plaza meaning such as national colors, traditional chinese cosmic Hall philosophy and high speed development. The architecture style and name are chosen by political preference and politi- Civic Center cal attention: power and demorcracy. Plaza Green Lanscape Disfunctional landscape Large scale landscape does not create an amiable space for Plaza Hotels Hotels citizens. Lack of access, the scale and the design restrict people from using the space. Exi b i ti o n Center Existing Condition
  • 15. Shenzhen Golf Clubs : Utopian Urban China Golf Boom After the cultural revolution, the his- tory and culture were attempted to be eradicated, hence golf courses, theme parks and other picturesque settings were more widely accepted. The first golf course of China was estab- lished in 1982. In 1994 there were just villas surrounding the golf course 20 golf clubs which have reached to a number of 200 currently. The golf clubs accompany other elements like hotels, resort/rec- reational areas, high rise developments, lakes, trees etc. It is becoming the new model of urbanism in China. Globalization accompanies the development of more golf clubs. They aim to hold golf cups and championships in their golf clubs in order to invite international golf celebrities like Tiger Woods and Vijay Singh. resort construction along the edge of the golf course a typical golf course field in C chinese players from the elite class international players attending a golf tournament
  • 16. Shenzhen Golf Clubs One of the first golf clubs that were established in Shenzhen was the Shenzhen Golf Club in 1985. This was before the Golf Boom in China. Mission Hills Golf Club established itself in 1995 and brought to China many international tournaments and world cups. These golf clubs replaced many agricultural fields and became a part of the hills in Shenzhen.
  • 17. Shenzhen Golf Club H3 The golf club is surrounded by villages, high rise buildings, the civic center and other institutional and industrial programs Tele Citta = H3/A+E institutional light industrial civic center high rise Shenzhen Golf Club village in the city roads high rise village other water civic center greenery
  • 18. Down sha urban village : pedestrian city Urban village is a type of community inside the city. It is a result of resistance to the modern urbanization by market-oriented development through spontaneous high-density development by the villagers. They are a result of housing shortage and massive immigration caused by rapid development of Shenzhen. These heterotopic elements are known to be negative public spaces serving the middle/low income people by providing illegal living spaces and services. The buildings are squeezed leaving a space of less than 2m. Commercial and social services are self-sustained inside the urban village.
  • 19. a. Archi Citta: traditional village gathering around ancestor temple in agriculture time, before 1960-70 ancestor building was important landmark and the open space in front of it is considered pulbic space in the village agriculture pattern village housing H1 Archi Citta = A+H1 Urban density Population Social structure Ownership Archi Citta generations of individual 100-200 = + famers
  • 20. b.Cine Citta: residential area for immigrants and self-sustained industrial services H2 H1 H2 H2 H2 Cine Citta = A+H2 ancestor building and open space village housing new village housing industrial area Urban density Population Social structure Ownership generations of individual 100-200 = + Archi Citta famers collective group villagers/workers + = 200-300 Cine Citta of farmers
  • 21. c. Tele Citta: renovated ancestor temple area, plaza and playground H3 H2 H1 H3 H2 H3 H2 H2 H3 Tele Citta = H3/A ancestor building and open space densified housing industrial area new development of high- rise residential building new public space: plaza, shop- ping mall, museum lanes Urban density Population Social structure Ownership generations of individual 100-200 = Archi Citta + famers collective group villagers/work- + = Cine Citta 200-300 of farmers = villagers collective group 1000-3000 + Tele Citta workers of farmers white-collar work-
  • 22. park street activiteis ancestor temple playground urban village city development New urban design strategies are cre- ating new public codes for the private private private urban village. building/land: building: public land: