4. One of the many Freedmen's schools in the postwar South. These schools drew African Americans of all ages, who eagerly sought the advantages offered by education. (Library of Congress) Freedmen’s School – Part of Abraham Lincoln’s Legacy

5. Andrew Johnson , photographed by Mathew Brady in 1865. Johnson succeeded Lincoln to the presidency in April 1865. He was born in North Carolina and grew up in Tennessee; both were slave states. His battles with Congress over control of Reconstruction became legendary and ultimately led to his impeachment. (Library of Congress)

11. Lynching accounted for thousands of deaths in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this 1871 image, the KKK prepares to execute John Campbell, a prominent Republican. Fortunately, Campbell was later released. (National Archives)

12. The Ku Klux Klan issued this graphic warning "of the fate in store for" their opponents. Taken from the Tuscaloosa Independent Monitor, September 1, 1868. (Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama) Ku Klux Klan Warning

13. Ku Klux Klan A secret white supremacist organization, the Ku Klux Klan was founded in Tennessee in 1866. One of its major objectives was to terrorize African Americans prior to elections in order to keep them from voting. (Library of Congress)

14. Five Generations of a Slave Family Despite the abolition of slavery, African Americans continued to labor in the cotton fields as sharecropping emerged as a new labor system in the South.

19. Sharecropping soon replaced slavery in the South as the primary form of labor. In this photo, a white landowner weighs cotton grown by black sharecroppers. (National Archives) Sharecropping

20. Known for “Atlanta Compromise” First president, Tuskegee Institute “Separate but equal progress” “ Character is power.” Booker T. Washington Library of Congress Accommodator Black Responses to Reconstruction Submission Accommodation Resistance Known for 1884 railcar lawsuit (TN) Anti-lynching crusader, suffragist & international journalist (“Iola”) NAACP co-founder Ida B. Wells-Barnett Univ. of Chicago Library Resistor Known for “Double Consciousness” Professor, 1 st Af.Am. Ph.D., Harvard 1896 Called for “Ceaseless Agitation” NAACP co-founder W.E.B. DuBois Library of Congress Resistor

21. Disappointed with the failures of Reconstruction and fearful of the violence that surrounded them, many southern blacks migrated to Kansas and Oklahoma in the 1870s and 1880s. Comparing their trek to the biblical story of the Israelite's exodus from Egypt, they became known as the "Exodusters." [From Created Equal: A Social and Political History of the United States , Jacqueline. Jones, et.al., (New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006).] Exodusters http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/singleton.htm

22. This illustrations celebrates the election of Hiram Revels of Mississippi to the U.S. Senate and the elevation of other African Americans to positions of respect in the post-Civil War era. (Library of Congress) "From the Plantation to the Senate"