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Raúl Gudger
   Presente
   Stem Changers
   Verbos Irregulares
   Saber v.s. Conocer
   Reflexivos
   Se impersonal
   -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir
   Hacer Expressions
   Ser v.s. estar
   Imperfect: irregulars & trigger words
   Preterite Tense: irregulars, car/gar/zar, Spock, Cucaracha, Snake/Snakey, and Trigger words
   Comparatives/Superlatives
   Future: Irregulars & Trigger Words
   Pret/Imperfect
   Future/Conditional
   Por
   Para
   Por vs. Para
   Commands
   Pres. Perfect
   Double Object Pronouns
   Pronouns
   Adverbs
   Subjunctive
   Se impersonal
   Progressive with ir, andar, seguir
Presente- ar, er, ir     -er conjugation
      -ar conjugation     Como       Comemos
      Hablo   Hablamos

                          Comes       Comèis
     Hablas   Habláis      Come       Comen


      Habla   Hablan     -ir conjugation
                         Describo    Describimos


                         Descirbes   Describis

                         Describe    Describen
*no stem change in nosotros or vosotros
e__ie perder__perdes

e__i    pedir__pidis

o__ue   dormir__duermo

u__ue   jugar__juegan
„go‟ verbs~ tengo, caer(se), -ir, poner, traer, venir


„zco‟ verbs~ conozco (-cer/-cir) conocer, producir, conducir



y los demás~ ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar
Saber   Conocer




 People                Facts


                  Carlos       el numero.
Albert Pujols
Me, te, se, nos, os, se

Reflexivos can hook onto an infinitive:
El tiene que bañarse.

Nos, os, se can be used as each other
Se is impersonal: Se halla ingles
-uir
In present tense, they have a y…except for
  nosotros and vosotros. Ex: Destruyo
-ger/-gir
g-j in the yo form. EX: Encojo
-cer
C-z in the yo form. Ex: Venzo
 hace   + time expression + que + preterite

hace calor: to be warm

hace mucho tiempo: long time ago

hace buen tiempo: to be good weather
Permanent situation     Variable situation
Yo-soy  él             yo-estoy we-estamos
Tú-eres ella      es   tú-estás yall-estaís
        usted          3rd-está 3rd-estan

     -from                -currently are
IRREGULARS:
    Ser                                       Ver          Ir
 era eramos                               veia veiamos iba ibamos
eras erais                                veias veiais ibas ibais
era     eran                              veia veian    iba iban

Ar: aba
Er/Ir: ia
Trigger words: siempre, todos los dias, cada dia, etc.
A  perfected action
 “snap-shot” of time
 A beginning and/or ending
 A past tense
       ar                 er/ir
É      amos          í     imos
  aste asteis         iste isteis
  ó     aron            ió ieron
Car/gar/zar
Verbs ending in –car turn to –que
Verbs ending in –gar turn to –gue
Verbs ending in –zar turn to –ce

Spock
Hacer: hice hiciste hizo
hicimos hicieron
Ir/ser: fui fuiste fue              Ir ser
fuemos fueieron
Dar:di diste dio dimos dieron
Var: vi viste vio vimos vieron
Cucaracha
Andar:anduv-
Estar:estuv-
Poder:pud-
Poner:pus-
Querer:quis-
Saber:sup-
Tener:tuv-
Vener:vin-

Decir
Traer
Conducir       ends in –j -ieron
Producir
Traducir
Snake&Snakey
   Snake
Dormi    Dormimos
Dormiste
Dormió Dormieron
                    Usted y ustedes change
    Snakey
Leí    leimos
Leíste
Leyo leyeron
 Mas, menos, tan---como Formula:
  *tan-so tanto-so much El/la/las/los+
       tantas-so many             noun+
 Formula:                   mas/menos+
mas/menos+        +que
                 adj/adv/noun      Adj.+
Numeros:                             de
Verb+     +[de]que
     mas/menos


tan+adj/adv+como
Tanto/a(s)+noun+como
Verb+tanto+como
é
              ás
infinitive+   á
              emos
              án

Irregulars
decir: dir-
Haber: habr-
Hacer: har-
Poder: podr-
Poner: pondr-
Querer: querr-
Saber: sabr-
Salir: saldr-
Tener: tendr-
Valer: valdr-
Venir: vendr-
Expresses         Example
Cause or Reason   Soy el numero uno porque soy inteligente.


Length of time    Estudie por uno hora.


Movement through Corre por el ciudad.
a place


Agent             El libre fue escrito por Raul


Substitution       Trabaje por ella.
Expresses           Example
Deadline          El libre de gramatica es debido para miercoles.


Movement          Voy para Walmart.
towards a place


Change of         Los zapatos es para Raul.
Possesion


Comparision       Ella esta rapido para una chica.
TVDISHES:
                                                  Tenga Venga Dé/Diga Ir=Vaya
                                                  Sea Haya/Haga Esté Sepa


Affirmative                                        Affirmative




          Tú- Put in tú &                          Ud/Uds- put in yo form
          just drop the „s‟.                       & change to the opposite
Irregulars: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, ten, ven    vowel.
                                                    Irregulars: TVDISHES




     Tú- Put in yo form &                            Ud/Uds- same as above
     change to the opposite
     vowels, add an „s‟.



Irregulars: TVDISHES                                Irregulars: TVDISHES
   The Present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary
    verb has or have with the past participle.
     haber -Past participle is for recent events.
     he      -Drop the infinitive ending and add
     has      either –ando(-ar)/-indo(-er/-ir)
     ha       haber
     hemos había
     han      habías
              había
              habíamos
              habían
 DOP:   The object that directly recieves the
  verb.
 Tengo un idea.
 When it is affirmative, the dop comes before
  the verb: La como.
 When it is negative just put no in front: No la
  como.
  Add –mente to end
 -mente = -ly
 O A
 If there are any accent marks than they stay.
Irregulars
Bestante-quite
Demasiado-too
Mal-badly
Mucho-a lot
Muy-very
Nunca-never
Peor-worse
Poco-little
Siempre-always
 The following fall under the category of Subjunctive:
  attitudes, uncertainties, and hypothetical
 While in present subjunctive: conjugate and put in yo
  form with the opposite vowel.
 Irregulars: conducir-condusca, decir-diga, oir-oiga.
Wish/want
Emotion
Doubt
Denial
Impersonal expression
Negatation
God
 The  impersonal "se" is used with a third
  person singular verb to express the
  impersonal English subjects, one, you,
  people, or they.
 Ex: Se corre pausadamente en la noche.
 Ir+ present part= is slowly but surely ___ing
 Andar + present part= is going around ___ing
 Seguir + present part= is still ____ing


 PastProgressive= action in progress at a
  specific time in past.

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Spanish 3 grammar book! good

  • 2. Presente  Stem Changers  Verbos Irregulares  Saber v.s. Conocer  Reflexivos  Se impersonal  -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir  Hacer Expressions  Ser v.s. estar  Imperfect: irregulars & trigger words  Preterite Tense: irregulars, car/gar/zar, Spock, Cucaracha, Snake/Snakey, and Trigger words  Comparatives/Superlatives  Future: Irregulars & Trigger Words  Pret/Imperfect  Future/Conditional  Por  Para  Por vs. Para  Commands  Pres. Perfect  Double Object Pronouns  Pronouns  Adverbs  Subjunctive  Se impersonal  Progressive with ir, andar, seguir
  • 3. Presente- ar, er, ir -er conjugation -ar conjugation Como Comemos Hablo Hablamos Comes Comèis Hablas Habláis Come Comen Habla Hablan -ir conjugation Describo Describimos Descirbes Describis Describe Describen
  • 4. *no stem change in nosotros or vosotros e__ie perder__perdes e__i pedir__pidis o__ue dormir__duermo u__ue jugar__juegan
  • 5. „go‟ verbs~ tengo, caer(se), -ir, poner, traer, venir „zco‟ verbs~ conozco (-cer/-cir) conocer, producir, conducir y los demás~ ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar
  • 6. Saber Conocer People Facts Carlos el numero. Albert Pujols
  • 7. Me, te, se, nos, os, se Reflexivos can hook onto an infinitive: El tiene que bañarse. Nos, os, se can be used as each other
  • 8. Se is impersonal: Se halla ingles
  • 9. -uir In present tense, they have a y…except for nosotros and vosotros. Ex: Destruyo -ger/-gir g-j in the yo form. EX: Encojo -cer C-z in the yo form. Ex: Venzo
  • 10.  hace + time expression + que + preterite hace calor: to be warm hace mucho tiempo: long time ago hace buen tiempo: to be good weather
  • 11. Permanent situation Variable situation Yo-soy él yo-estoy we-estamos Tú-eres ella es tú-estás yall-estaís usted 3rd-está 3rd-estan -from -currently are
  • 12. IRREGULARS: Ser Ver Ir era eramos veia veiamos iba ibamos eras erais veias veiais ibas ibais era eran veia veian iba iban Ar: aba Er/Ir: ia Trigger words: siempre, todos los dias, cada dia, etc.
  • 13. A perfected action  “snap-shot” of time  A beginning and/or ending  A past tense ar er/ir É amos í imos aste asteis iste isteis ó aron ió ieron
  • 14. Car/gar/zar Verbs ending in –car turn to –que Verbs ending in –gar turn to –gue Verbs ending in –zar turn to –ce Spock Hacer: hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron Ir/ser: fui fuiste fue Ir ser fuemos fueieron Dar:di diste dio dimos dieron Var: vi viste vio vimos vieron
  • 16. Snake&Snakey Snake Dormi Dormimos Dormiste Dormió Dormieron Usted y ustedes change Snakey Leí leimos Leíste Leyo leyeron
  • 17.  Mas, menos, tan---como Formula: *tan-so tanto-so much El/la/las/los+ tantas-so many noun+ Formula: mas/menos+ mas/menos+ +que adj/adv/noun Adj.+ Numeros: de Verb+ +[de]que mas/menos tan+adj/adv+como Tanto/a(s)+noun+como Verb+tanto+como
  • 18. é ás infinitive+ á emos án Irregulars decir: dir- Haber: habr- Hacer: har- Poder: podr- Poner: pondr- Querer: querr- Saber: sabr- Salir: saldr- Tener: tendr- Valer: valdr- Venir: vendr-
  • 19. Expresses Example Cause or Reason Soy el numero uno porque soy inteligente. Length of time Estudie por uno hora. Movement through Corre por el ciudad. a place Agent El libre fue escrito por Raul Substitution Trabaje por ella.
  • 20. Expresses Example Deadline El libre de gramatica es debido para miercoles. Movement Voy para Walmart. towards a place Change of Los zapatos es para Raul. Possesion Comparision Ella esta rapido para una chica.
  • 21. TVDISHES: Tenga Venga Dé/Diga Ir=Vaya Sea Haya/Haga Esté Sepa Affirmative Affirmative Tú- Put in tú & Ud/Uds- put in yo form just drop the „s‟. & change to the opposite Irregulars: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, ten, ven vowel. Irregulars: TVDISHES Tú- Put in yo form & Ud/Uds- same as above change to the opposite vowels, add an „s‟. Irregulars: TVDISHES Irregulars: TVDISHES
  • 22. The Present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb has or have with the past participle. haber -Past participle is for recent events. he -Drop the infinitive ending and add has either –ando(-ar)/-indo(-er/-ir) ha haber hemos había han habías había habíamos habían
  • 23.  DOP: The object that directly recieves the verb.  Tengo un idea.  When it is affirmative, the dop comes before the verb: La como.  When it is negative just put no in front: No la como.
  • 24.  Add –mente to end  -mente = -ly  O A  If there are any accent marks than they stay. Irregulars Bestante-quite Demasiado-too Mal-badly Mucho-a lot Muy-very Nunca-never Peor-worse Poco-little Siempre-always
  • 25.  The following fall under the category of Subjunctive: attitudes, uncertainties, and hypothetical  While in present subjunctive: conjugate and put in yo form with the opposite vowel.  Irregulars: conducir-condusca, decir-diga, oir-oiga. Wish/want Emotion Doubt Denial Impersonal expression Negatation God
  • 26.  The impersonal "se" is used with a third person singular verb to express the impersonal English subjects, one, you, people, or they.  Ex: Se corre pausadamente en la noche.
  • 27.  Ir+ present part= is slowly but surely ___ing  Andar + present part= is going around ___ing  Seguir + present part= is still ____ing  PastProgressive= action in progress at a specific time in past.