1) Extreme computing poses major challenges for suppliers related to concurrency, energy usage, data management, and system resiliency as systems increase in size and complexity. 2) International cooperation is necessary to address these challenges as no single organization has a complete solution. 3) Bull promotes cooperation through partnerships, joint R&D labs, co-design with customers, and involvement in European programs like Systematic, Eureka, and FP7 to foster innovation.

1. Extreme Computing cooperation, standpoint of an industrial
JF Lavignon, Strategy & Cooperation, Innovative Products

2. Introduction
Sorry not to be present, hope to meet you soon
Agenda :
- HPC challenges as seen by a HPC supplier
- Cooperation example and idea for
Latin America – Europe cooperation
©Bull, 2011 2 Cooperation in extreme computing

3. HPC, strategic foundation for competitiveness, innovation and
defense
Defense – Geospace Performance &
Geo-Web Competitivity
HPC computing technology
Internet Imagery - Health
Multimedia & Virtual Arts & Sciences
Offering capabilities to design new products faster, to increase human and
environmental knowledge faster and to overcome security complexity
©Bull, 2011 3 Cooperation in extreme computing

4. Challenge (1/4) : concurrency and parallelism
History
- Gigaflops 1985 Cray 2 : 4 cores @ 1.5 ops/cycle
- Teraflops 1997 Asci Red : 4,500 cores @ 2 ops/cycle
- Petaflops 2008 Jaguar : 180,000 cores @ 4ops/cycle
- 10 petaflops 2011 K system : 700,000 cores @ 4ops/cycle
Next generation of systems
- Million to billion threads
- 16 ops/cycle for each threads
©Bull, 2011 4 Cooperation in extreme computing

5. Challenge (2/4) energy and power
Today general purpose computer
- 200 Mflops/W
- Petaflops 5MW
- 10 Petaflops in 2011 : 12,5 MW
Trend
- Use of accelerators (GPU, MIC) with better ratio flops/W than
standard processor but more difficult to program
- Use of low frequency standard processors
- Reduction of the amount of memory per core
Most the large centers do not plan more than 20MW for a
HPC system
©Bull, 2011 5 Cooperation in extreme computing

6. Challenge (3/4) data in HPC
Data inside the HPC system
- Memory access time
- Amount of memory
- Power cost of moving data
Storage of data (disk)
- Capacity still growing
- Bandwidth and seek time not progressing at the same pace
- Increasing parallelism
Data for scientists
- pre and post processing of huge volume of data
- Quality of data produced by large simulation (uncertainty
quantification)
- Semantic attached to data
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7. Challenge (4/4) : Resiliency
Next generation system
- Huge number of components : 10 to 10 memory chips
6 8
- Interface at high clock rate increasing bit error rates
MTBF will be low
- 10,000 components with a MTBF of > 10 years leads to a combined
MTBF of 10 hours
Robustness must be addressed at different levels
- System hardware
- System software
- Application
©Bull, 2011 7 Cooperation in extreme computing

8. Conclusion technological challenges
Important challenges for next generations of HPC systems
No one has the complete solution
Cooperation is a must
©Bull, 2011 8 Cooperation in extreme computing

9. Bull’s experience in R&D cooperation
Common laboratory
Technology partners Intel, Xyratex, Caps Entreprise…
One-to-one cooperation
Development of large infrastructures
Research institutions / campus
Project with local ecosystem
Projects at European level
International vision sharing
©Bull, 2011 9 Cooperation in extreme computing

10. Cooperation eco-system
Global for best of breed,
standardization
Customer cooperation for Technology
co-design and connection partners for
of market demands- complete and
supplier offerings innovative offering
Local for fertilization,
reactiveness and
teaming
©Bull, 2011 10 Cooperation in extreme computing

11. Example of instruments in Europe Systematic, Eureka, FP7
Systematic
- “World class” French Cluster, 142 enterprises, 311 SMB 92 research
centers & universities.
- Cooperation between SMEs, Large Companies, Research Centres and
National higher educational establishments
level - Supported by local authorities, economic development agencies, the
French Government and its partners.
- Leverage on Teratec for HPC
EUREKA
- 39 member countries plus the European Union.
European - The EUREKA label gives participants a competitive edge in their
dealings with financial, technical and commercial partners.
level
FP7
- EU's main instrument for funding research in Europe
- Grants are determined on the basis of calls for proposals
- Activities funded from FP7 must have a “European added value”.
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12. Systematic, FP7 & ITEA figures
Systematic FP7 ITEA
Eureka R&D
Type Cluster R&D program
program for IT
Time scale 2007-2013 2006-2012
Projects € 200 m / year 20,000 PY
€ 54 B
o/w fundings € 60 m / year € 600 m
o/w € 9 B for IT
Area France Europe Europe
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13. Example of a project : ParMa, Itea Gold Award 2010
Parallel Programming for Multi-core Architectures
A European project that gathers Facilitate the emergence of
users, software providers, HPC power-intensive innovative
system supplier applications by:
Objective: help the HPC - Developing advanced
community take full advantage technologies for exploiting
of multi-core architectures parallel computing
Deliver substantial performance - Exploring commonalities between
HPC, Multi-Core and MPSoC
improvements for: programming environments
- conventional HPC applications - Leveraging relevant technology
- mainstream applications and methodology between these
- embedded systems domains
Blast-furnace: €125,000
savings plus 16,000 tons of
CO2 emission/year
©Bull, 2011 13 Cooperation in extreme computing

14. To conclude
Latin America – Europe cooperation is
what I call “a global cooperation”
- Need to focus on global topics
- Ie programming models
- Scientific methods…
- Need to find mutual interest
- Economic system
- Educational system
- Need to involve “regional champions”
Cooperation at International level could
be boosted by new instruments
- Why not a "Eureka-like" program at
International level
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15. ©Bull, 2011 15 Cooperation in extreme computing