Going green with renewable energy and energy efficiency
Green Key Performance Indicators for Healthcare
1. +
Key Performance Indicators:
Energy Efficiency and GHG Performance
Graham Takata
July 8, 2009
2. +
Objective
Using some established benchmarks, practices or standards,
make a recommendation of a set of common indicators that
could be used to report hospitals Energy and Green House
Gases performance.
Bluewater Health, Sarnia (LEED) under construction
3. +
Scope
This Presentation focuses on KPIs related to Energy and GHG
Emissions, which form part of the overall sustainability
package.
• Energy Use, GHGs, and
Be Green Efficiency
• GHG Protocol
• LEED Design Standards
Build Green • Green Guide for
Healthcare
• Green Procurement
Buy Green • Global Health and Safety
Initiative
4. +
Hospital Emissions
Why Focus on Energy and Greenhouse Gases?
Hospitals and GHG Emissions Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Hospitals have 2.5 x the GHG
emissions as commercial use 1.6
buildings
9 Fleet Vehicles
In the US, the CO2e/sqft has been
estimated to be 13.5 kg CO2e/sqft
Medical Gases
Hospitals have a significant capacity
23
and opportunity to reduce emissions Natural Gas
and reduce operating costs
66
Emergency
Kingston General’s Energy Audit: Generation
Capital Investment $1,000,000
0.2
Electricity
Annual Savings $200,000
Expected Payback: < 5 years
Kaiser Permanente (2007)
U.S. Hospital Energy Alliance (HEA)
NRCan Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE)
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Energy and GHG Metrics
Industry Standard for Measurement
The Standard Methodology for Benchmarking Energy and
Greenhouse Gas Performance is the GHG Protocol:
WBCSD/WRI Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate
Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition (2004).
It is an internationally recognized, transparent methodology to
quantify the environmental footprint of an organizations:
Scope 1: Fuel use for Heating and Transportation
Scope 2: Electricity & Steam
Scope 3: Waste, Water Consumption, Contracted Services
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Key Performance Indicators
Meaningful Indicators
KPIs should be:
Quantitative and Measureable
Align with the Outcome we are striving to achieve
Impartial, Transparent, and Reproducible
They should:
Inform us on where we stand
Indicate how we compare with others
Provide a metric to assess progress to date
Align with relevant internal or Industry-wide Initiatives
KPIs should not only inform us of where we are, but where we
need to go.
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Key Performance Indicators
Environmental Metrics + Operational Intelligence
Op
Energy KPI
Intel
kWh Capital Costs Carbon Footprint
M3 gas Operating Costs per:
BTU Beds Dollar Spent
GJ Building Age, Sqft Patient Served
Water Admissions Sqft of Space
Steam Staff Functional Unit
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Key Performance Indicators
Data Collection
Energy and GHG data
Electricity (kWh, $)
Heat (NG, Steam, m3/BTU, $)
Balanced Collect Other fuels – Fleet, Diesel
backups, etc.
Scorecard Data Water Consumption (m3)
Waste Generation (%, tonnes)
Financial Data
Expenditures for Facility
Management
Operational Data
Sqft, Operating Hours, Staff
Analyze KPI Outpatient volumes
Direct Admissions
Functional Units
Allows classification of hospitals
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Key Performance Indicators
Energy and GHG KPIs
Efficiency:
GJ Electricity / sqft
GJ Heat / sqft
Balanced m3 Water / sqft
Collect Data
Scorecard Per admission, per bed, per
operating hour
Economy:
Expenditures for Operations
and Maintenance
Capital Investment for Green
Retrofits
Analyze
Emissions:
KPI Total CO2e / sqft
Includes Water, Waste, Overall
Footprint
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Key Performance Indicators
Evaluate, Plan, and Improve
A Balanced Scorecard:
Efficiency, Economy, and Total
Emissions KPIs are weighted
Balanced Collect Data Participating Hospitals are ranked
Scorecard based on their energy efficiency and
GHG emissions
In addition to setting a standard for
benchmarking participating
hospitals, rating EE/GHG can form
part of a larger Green Hospital
Evaluation that includes other Green
KPIs.
Analyze KPI Examples:
Green Operational Practices
Green Building Standards
Green Procurement
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Outcomes
Developing a Strategy from KPIs
KPIs provide the basis for Strategic Planning:
A fair and transparent evaluation of participating hospitals
green performance and progress
A benchmark to compare relative performance among OHA’s
member Hospitals, the country, and the world
Identification of opportunities for Green Investment – a “green
ROI” through energy savings
Identification of potential high impact and priority areas
A method to measure and monitor the effectiveness of Green
Hospital Champion Fund’s investments
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Appendix
Key Performance Indicators:
Energy Efficiency and GHG Performance
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Appendix
GHG Protocol: Emissions Classifications
In accordance with the GHG Protocol, emissions are divided into three
categories: scope 1, scope 2, and scope 3.
Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions that occur from sources owned or
controlled by the company, such as natural gas used to heat company
buildings or emissions due to company owned fleet vehicles.
Scope 2 accounts for GHG emissions from the generation of purchased
electricity consumed by the company. Purchased electricity is defined as
electricity that is purchased or otherwise brought into the organizational
boundary of the company. Scope 2 emissions physically occur at the facility
where electricity is generated.
Scope 3 is an optional reporting category that allows for the treatment of all
other indirect emissions. Scope 3 emissions are a consequence of the activities
of the company, but occur from sources not owned or controlled by the
company. Some examples of scope 3 activities are extraction and production of
purchased materials; transportation of purchased fuels; and use of sold
products and services (such as paper use or shipping services).
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Appendix
Sustainability Operations, Infrastructure, and
Management
• Energy
Use, GHGs, and
Be Green Efficiency
• GHG Protocol
• LEED Design
Standards
Build Green • Green Guide for
Healthcare
• Green Procurement
Buy Green • Global Health and
Safety Initiative
16. +
Appendix
Industry Initiatives
Global Health and Safety Initiative
A sector-wide collaboration to transform the way Author of: Eco-Health Footprint
that healthcare designs, builds and operates its Guide: Measuring your
facilities as well as the products healthcare uses Organization's Impact on Public
within those facilities. Health and the Environment
Health Care Without Harm
An international coalition of hospitals and health Author of: Healthy Hospitals,
care systems, medical professionals, community Healthy Planet, Healthy People -
groups, health-affected constituencies, labor Addressing Climate Change in
unions, environmental and environmental health Health Care Settings
organizations and religious groups.
Green Guide for Health Care
A best practices guide for healthy and sustainable The Green Guide for Health Care
building design, construction, and operations for applies LEED design principles to
the healthcare industry. Hospitals and their operation.
Editor's Notes
Be GreenEnergy Use and EfficiencyTransportation FoodWasteWater(Do Green)Operational PracticesBuild GreenGreen Building DesignBuy GreenProcurementVOCs, Latex, BPAElimination of Environmental Toxins
A standard exists:QuantifyClassifyReportTransparentAUDITABLEAbout WBCSD The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) is a coalition of 170 international companies united by a shared commitment to sustainable development via the three pillars of economic growth, ecological balance and social progress. Members are drawn from more than 35 countries and 20 major industrial sectors. About WRI World Resources Institute is an independent nonprofit organization with a staff of more than 100 scientists, economists, policy experts, business analysts, statistical analysts, mapmakers, and communicators working to protect the Earth and improve people’s lives. WRI strives to harness the power of business to create profitable solutions to environment and development challenges.
Cycle – DMAIC (Define Measure Analyze Improve Control)Financial – Cap & Ops, Building UpgradesOps - Classification: A small regional Ambulatory care facility will not have the same e profile as an Acute Care hospital, i.e. Sick Kids, However, hospitals can be compared within similar classes (academic, small, community…)
Efficiency – Also DeficienciesEconomy – Who’s investing, who isn’t, where – and is it having an effect?Emissions – The total measure, as a component for an overall assessment
The principles of a balanced scorecard:Weighting & RankingTranslating EE / GHG Performance into a RankingThis can be used to rank hospitals solely based on EE / GHG, or it can be integrated into a larger green initiative that includes DO GREEN / BUILD GREEN / BUY GREENOperational PracticesRetrofits, Reskinning, and Construction of New facilitiesPurchasing green products
Be GreenEnergy Use and EfficiencyTransportation FoodWasteWater(Do Green)Operational PracticesBuild GreenGreen Building DesignBuy GreenProcurementVOCs, Latex, BPAElimination of Environmental Toxins
Not Shown: Practice Greenhealth & OthersPractice Greenhealth is the nation’s leading membership and networking organization for institutions in the healthcare community that have made a commitment to sustainable, eco-friendly practices. Members include hospitals, healthcare systems, businesses and other stakeholders engaged in the greening of healthcare to improve the health of patients, staff and the environment.http://www.globalhealthandsafety.org/http://www.noharm.org/http://gghc.org/http://www.practicegreenhealth.org/