1. DR.R.N.S.GOWDA
Former Vice Chancellor,
KVAFSU, Bidar.
&
Ex-Director
INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HEALTH
AND VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS
HEBBAL,BANGALORE-560024
INDIA

2. Poultry Farming
 A dynamic Agribusiness
 Fast adoptable
 Renumarative
 Helps in food security of the
country

3. BUT WHAT IS HAPPANING IN THE POULTRY
INDUSTRY TODAY ?
 Transformation of poultry husbandry to industry and
integrations.
 Manipulation of marketing strategies- to face ever -
narrowing profit margins
 Leads to compromise in management, nutrition and
health coverage
 Multi age groups and increasing density of flocks
and
 Closeness of farms in a given area

4. ISSUES DEFINING BIOSECURITY TODAY &
TOMORROW
 Bird perform better than ever because of
good genetic potentiality and nutrition but
their immune system has not necessasarly
followed the same trend.
 Discovery of newer immunosuppressive
agents and Mycotoxinsand their prevention.
 problems and losses due to infectious
diseases like-ND,IB, IBD, MD, IBH,etc.
 Human health concern -consumers now
demanding risk free & safe food

5. EVALUTION OF FLOCK HEALTH
DEPENDS ON
 The number of farms in the area
 presence of endemic and epidemic
diseases
 Application of biosecurity programmes
adopted to separate farm circumstances

6. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DISEASES OF POULTRY
CONCERN TODAY ?
 BACTERIAL : E.coli, Salmonella ,coryza,
fowl cholera & Mycoplasma
 VIRAL : Ranikhet, Gumbaro ( IBD),
IBH/HHS Marek`s. IB & REO
 FUNGAL : Aspergillosis .
Candidiosis.
 PROTOZOAN : Coccidiosis.

7. HOW CAN WE RESPOND ?
 Use of antibiotics is not a solution for
solving the problem -Drug resistance.
 Vaccine development takes time and no
use on variants by a single vaccine

8. Therefore
GO BACK TO BASICS
CLEANLINESS IS THE KEYWORD
 HACCP at Farm level
 HACCP at Feed mill
 HACCP at Water management

9. SANITATION AND BIOSECURITY IS THE
ANSWER !

10. WHY BIOSECURITY IS ESSENTIAL ?
 Management helps good performance.
 Nutrition helps to maintain the life, and
health for production.
 Medication and Vaccination helps in
prevention of some disease to some extent..
 But, A GOOD “SANITATION/ BIO-
SECURITY PROGRAMME ”is a vital factor
for disease prevention”

11. WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?
 Measures and Methods
adopted to stop entry of
disease organisms in to the
farm.
 A method to secure a
disease free environment in
the farm.
 A method of production and
profitability through disease
control programmes.

12. WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?
 BIOSECRITY IS INFORMED
COMMON SENSE to avoid germs.
“ NOT BRING THE GERMS TO BIRDS OR
NOT BRING POULTRY TO GERMS”.

13. Top Biosecurity measures to break the chain
of infection
Transmission
Infectious
agents
Removing susceptible
host
- All - in - All- out
- Vaccination
- Down time
Sanitation
- Buildings
- People
Pest
control
People
Equipment
Traffic control
Communication
Audits,Education &
Regional networking

14. HOW DO DISEASES SPREAD FROM
BIRD TO BIRD ?
BIRD WITH
DISEASE
Exhaled air
Infected eggs
Litter/Droppings
Feathers/Dandruff
Infected
birds
Dead birds

15. WHAT IS THE MODE OF SPREAD OF
DISEASE ?
 Vertical spread :
-Trans - ovarian transmission From – “EGG-to-CHICK”
 Horizontal spread :
a) Vectors
- Flies, BeetlesRodents
- Inanimate objects: Equipments,Faecal matter,
Feathers & Dandruff
b) Nutritional - Feed and Water

16. WHY DO WE NEED BIOSECURITY ?
 To reduce the infections -”Freedom from
disease”
 To avoid environmental pathogen challenge
 To reduce morbidity & mortality
 To improve good feed conversion
 To boost good growth rate and production
 To reduce cost of production
 To reduce cost of medication

17. “BLOCK THE BUG BEFORE
IT BUGS YOR FLOCK”
Principle of Biosecurity:

18. Bio security programs require
 Planning
 Locating resources
 Implementation
 Control

19. Location resources
planning
ImplementationControl
CYCLE OF MANAGEMENT

20. Three important factors in
Biosecurity are :
1-Conceptual Biosecurity
2- Structural Biosecurity
3-Operational Biosecurity

21. OPERATIONNAL
CONCEPTUAL
HIERARCHY OF BIOSECURITY
STRUCTURAL
1
2
3

22. 1. CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY
 Location of the complex in relation to
concentrations of poultry of the same or
different species.
 Distance between breeder and growing
units -hatcheries, feed mills, processing
plants/packing units etc.

23. DISTANCE BETWEEN SHEDS
500
200
200
300
100
400
1000
DENSITY OF ORGANISMAS
DISTANCE IN MTS
10050

24. CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY
 Location of major or minor roads and the
movement of commercial and back yard
poultry.
 Proximity of large lakes,tanks and rivers---
------migratory flyways
 Location of multi age farms-laying units

25. 2. STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY
 Fence the farm area to prevent
trespass
 Fencing of house area with
secured gates.
 Decontamination area for vehicles
and foot wear.

26. STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY
 Proper store for feed-vermin free storage.
 Bird and rodent proofing housing
 Concrete flooring for proper cleaning.
 Separate feed,litter and equipment
storage area away from live-birds.

27. 3. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY
 Remove the litter and manure from
the shed
 wash flooring with plain water
 sprinkle caustic soda flakes on the
floor@1kg/100sq.ft
 Soak caustic soda with water and
spread it all over the flooring area
and leave it for 3-4hours

28. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY
 Wash the roof, beams. trusses, cages,side
walls,curtains and all accessories inside the
shed with jet of plain water -(hot water is
preferable)
 Wash the shed with2%solution of washing
soda(2kgs/100lit.water)
 Use a suitable disinfectant to clean the
floor.

29. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 Use the flame gun to clean the shed
 wash all the accessories like
feeders,waterers,brooders with jet of
water and then with washing soda solution
. -use of a
disinfectant is recommended
 sun dry all equipments

30. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 Apply white wash to the shed
inside -use one part of lime and three parts
of bleaching powder.
 place new bedding-paddy
husk,wood shavings,maize cob
powder for deep litter.
 place all accessories like waterers,
feeders,brooders in their places.

31. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 Cover the shed with curtains and
spray the disinfectant to words
ceiling-”Environmental spray”
 FUMIGATION: 2Kgs of potassium
permanganate with 4liters of formalin for 1000
Sft.of shed area.
 Keep the shed closed and covered

32. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY-6
 For “GUMBORO “affected area /
sheds a final spray of -X-185,- 4
ml/litre of water chloramine-T need
to be sprayed.

33. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 For automatic watering systems -remove
all water from pipes and flush the pipes
with a descaler cum disinfectant solution
need to be applied.
 Then Flush the system with plain water.

34. DISINFECTION
VIRAL CHALLENGE
BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE
BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE
COCCIDIAL
CHALLENGE
EXCESSIVE FIELD CHALLENGE
VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGUS, PROTOZOA.
Field Challenges ?

35. WHAT TYPES OF DISINFECTION ARE
TO BE FOLLOWED ?
 TERMINAL DISINFECTION
 CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION

36. CHICKS
PLACEMENTS
LIFTING
OF BIRDS
DRY
CLEANING
EQUIPMENT
CLEANING
WATER
WASHING
DISINFECTION-IPLACEMENT
OF EQUIPMENTS
DISINFECTION-II
FOOT DIPS
WHEEL DIPS
TERMINAL
DISINFECTION

37. CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION
Practice of disinfection at regular
intervals.
 Drinking water sanitation
 During disease outbreaks.

38. DRINKING WATER SANITATION
 Source of water is important
 Water from open well, surface bore wells,
river,pond needs treatment
-0.01%Iodine solution,low dilutions of
Sodium hypochlorite, Coccobenzyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride and Glutaraldehyde,
-Chlorine ,Bleaching powder etc.
 Well guarded water supply -Chorination level
of not more than2ppm.

39. DURING DISEASE OUTBREAKS
 Sanitation of entire farm
 disinfection of poultry sheds
 Sanitation of all equipments
 sanitation of any material entering and
exit in the farm
 spray of disinfectant on the birds

40. LITTER DISPOSAL
 Removal of litter, faecal matter ,debris,
feathers and dispose away from the
poultry premises.
 Treat the litter with larvecide insecticides.
 Use organic matter for Proper composting
manure making or production of bio gas.
 Avoid use of litter as manure around
poultry farm.

41. BIOSECRITY OF SURROUNDINGS
 Cleanup thoroughly six feet around the
buildings
 Remove all the vegetation, organic matter-
litter,feathers,debris and decaying material
 Provide proper drainage to avoid water
pools.damps or marshy areas
 Cut off wild growth of trees,grass etc. to
avoid perching of wild birds

42. SURVIVABILITY OF MICRO- ORGANISMS IN
THE ENVIRONMENT
 Bursal disease -Months
 Avian Influenza -Days to weeks
 Maek’s disease -Weeks
 New Castle disease -Days to weeks
 Laryngotracheitis -Days
 Duck plague -Days
 Fowl cholera -Weeks
 Fowl coryza -Hours to days
 Salmonellosis -Weeks
 Mycoplasma -Hours to days
 Coccidiosis -Months

43. ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED
 BACTERIAL
-Salmonella pullorum -white diarrhea
-Salmonella galinarum -Fowl typhoid
-S.enteritidis -Gastroenteritis
-S.typhi murium -Typhoid
-Eschericha Coli, Aerobic bacilli, Staphylococci,
Pseudomonas, Infectious Coryza & Fowl
Cholera
-MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS -MG,MS,MI etc.
 FUNGAL -Aspergillus fumigates,
- -Candidiosis

44. ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED
 VIRAL
-Infectious bursal disease
-Ranikhet disease
-Infectious bronchitis
-Marek`s diseas
-Adeno-viral infections
-HPS,IBH& EDS
-REO-viral infections

45. CONTROL POINTS AT FARM LEVEL
 Bio-security of the farm
 Bio-security of the flock
 Terminal clean outs and disinfection between
the flocks
 Drinking water sanitation
 Feed sanitation
 Standard vaccination schedules
 Flock health monitoring

46. DISINECTING POULTRY HOUSES
DISINECTANTS
 Quaterinary Ammonium
compounds
 Iodophores
 Phenols
 Formaldihyde
REMARKS
-Mild detergents- hard water
& high organic matter
decrease it`s efficiency
-Stains equipment-organic
matter & pH interfere with
efficiency
-Resistant to organic
matter,less effective on
virus
-Very effective on all
organisms

47. FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION FOR 100 Cft
STRENGTH FORMALIN
( IN ML)
POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE
(In grams)
1 X 40 20
2 X 80 40
3 X 120 60
5 X 200 100

48. FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION,CONCENTRATIONS AND
RECOMONDATIONS
Fumigation of Conc.of
fumigant
Minimum time of
fumigation
Hatching eggs
immediately after they
are laid
3 X 20 minutes
Egg incubator 2 X 30 minutes
Incubator room 1-2 X 30 minutes
Hatcher between
hatches
3 X 30 minutes
Hatcher and chick
room between hatchers
3X 30 minutes
Sexig area &Hatcher
and chick room
3X 30 minutes
Chick boxea, pads and 5X 30 minutes
trucks

49. Effective against poultry
pathogens
Disease
organism
Aldehydes Chlorine Iodophore Quats Phenol Peroxide
Viruses ++ ++ +/- + + ++
Bacteria + ++ + + ++ +
B.spores + - - - - -
Fungus ++ - + + + +
Parasites - - - - - -

50. SUMMERY
 Biosecurity should be thought out, planned
and implemented in a wider perspective.
 Operational procedures are to be properly
documented and communicated to each and
every employee,so that they are
implemented strictly.
 Proper understanding and communication of
biosecurity is very vital

51. THANKS
for
YOUR TIME
and
NOW YOUR TIME FOR
QUESTIONS ?