2. The Glory that was
Greece…
and
The Grandeur
that was Rome.

4. Differences between the ancient Greeks and ancient Romans.
You can start with art. The Greeks wanted perfection in their depiction of people. The
Romans want real life people. The Greeks statues were of perfect people. The Romans
statues contained all the flaws of real people.
The Greeks colonized. They sent colonies all over the Mediterranean sea. The Romans
conquered and ruled all over the Mediterranean.
The Romans built roads that connected their empire to Rome. The Greeks built roads to connect two specific
cities.
The Romans created an Empire which lasted 500 years. The Greeks were city-states and were not united under
one central government (except for the empire of Alexander the Great).
In Ancient Greece women had no rights. They were property.
In Rome, under the king and in the republic, women were not property, but they had no rights. During the Empire,
Roman women had quite a few rights, but were still not citizens.
The Greeks spoke Greek. The Romans spoke Latin.

8. Classical Civilizations of Europe
The earliest European civilizations emerged among the peoples of two neighboring
Mediterranean peninsulas. These people were the Greeks and the Romans. The Greeks built
a brilliant civilization centered in independent city-states, while the Romans later constructed
a huge empire that spanned three continents.
Two earlier societies—those of the sea-trading Minoans and the warlike
Mycenaeans—gave way to the Greek city-states before 500 B.C. Led by Athens and Sparta,
the bustling little Greek cities traded with many peoples, Athens also developed an early
form of democratic government. Though they often fought with one another, the Greeks
created a common body of art, science, and philosophy that laid the foundations of Western
civilization.
The Romans learned much from the Greeks. Their expanding empire swept around
the Mediterranean and then spread northward across Western Europe. Dominated first by its
aristocratic Senate, Rome came to be ruled by powerful emperors after the reign of Augustus
Caesar.
During the reign of Augustus, Jesus was born in the region of Judea. Christianity
spread widely in Roman times. The new religion survived the fall of Rome to become the core
of European culture in later centuries.

9. Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.–133 B.C.)

10. 1. Mycenaean Period and Dark Ages of
Greece (1600-800 B.C.)
During the Mycenaean period, the
Greeks learned various arts and skills, like
gate-building and golden mask-making. This
was the palatial period when people at least
like -- if not the actual -- Trojan War heroes
lived. The Mycenaean period was followed by
the "Dark Age," which is called dark because of
a lack of written records. It is also called the
Early Iron Age. Between the palatial urban
civilizations of the Mycenaean period and the
Dark Age, there may have been environmental
disasters in Greece, as well as elsewhere in the
Mediterranean world.
The end of the Mycenaean period/Dark Age is
characterized by geometric design on pottery
and the emergence of Greek alphabetic
writing.
ACHAEAN

11. The epics of Homer have been inspiring
writers for almost 3,000 years.

12. • The Minoan civilization on the island of
Crete just south of the Greek mainland is
considered the origin of Greek culture.
The term Minoans comes from Greek
myths concerning a legendary king of
Crete, Minos, who supposedly ruled a
vast sea empire. As far as we know they
were the first Europeans to use a written
language and to construct paved roads.
Their society included highly-cultivated
artisans, skilled civic engineers and they
were excellent ship builders and sailors.
Their maritime empire included Spain
and parts of modern day Turkey, and
rivaled that of their contemporaries, the
ancient Egyptians.

13. Greece includes a peninsula
and an archipelago—
a scattering of hundreds
of islands.

16. 2. Archaic Age of Greece (800-500 B.C.)
During the Archaic Age, the city-state political unit known as
the polis developed; someone whom we call Homer wrote
down the epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, Greeks
colonized Asia Minor to the east and Megale Hellas to the
west, men and women (like Sappho) experimented with
musical poetry, and statues, influenced by Egyptian and Near
Eastern (aka "orientalizing") contact, took on a realistic and
characteristically Greek flavor.
You may see the Archaic period dated to the first Olympics,
traditionally, 776 B.C. The Archaic Age ended with the
Persian Wars.

17. Mono = 1
Olig and
poly =
many

23. 3. Classical Age of Greece (500 - 323 B.C.)
The Classical Age was characterized by most of the
cultural wonders that we associate with ancient Greece.
It corresponds with the period of the height of
democracy, the flowering of Greek tragedy in the hands
of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the
architectural marvels, like the Parthenon, at Athens.
The Classical Age ends with the death of Alexander the
Great.
Pericles, foremost statesman of Athens
from 461-429, introduced payment for
public offices so more of the population
than just the rich could hold them. Pericles
initiated the building of the Parthenon,
which was supervised by the famed
Athenian sculptor Pheidias. Drama and
philosophy flourished.

29. “Philo-” means love, and “-sophia” means wisdom, so the word “philosophy”
really means “the love of wisdom.” Basically, philosophy is thinking about the
world and making sense out of it. Greek philosophers all started a new type of
thinking. Rather than believing in myths and stories, they began searching for the
truth of the world by using their rational thinking. The ideas of Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle, and hundreds of other Greek philosophers, have all remained very
important in the development of other new philosophical ideas, as well as
science, astronomy, physics, medicine, and mathematics, just to name a few.

35. You are now about to start the agoge. You must complete a number of tasks to
progress through the program. Your aim is to complete the program successfully,
scoring as many points as you can, and so be elected into a mess and made a
member of the Spartan army.
http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/sparta/challenge/cha_set.htm
l

40. Persian Wars - Battle of Marathon - 490 B.C. A battle in the Persian Wars (499-449 B.C.)
Probable Date: August or September 12 490 B.C.
Winners: Maybe 10,000 Greeks (Athens and
Plataeans) under Callimachus and Miltiades
Losers: Maybe 25,000 Persians under Datis and
Ataphernes
When Greek colonists set out from mainland
Greece, many wound up in Ionia, in Asia Minor. In
546, the Persians took over Ionia. Ionian Greeks
found the Persian rule oppressive and attempted to
revolt with the aid of the mainland Greeks. Mainland
Greece then came to the attention of the Persians,
and war between them ensued.
One was the Peloponnesian League, which had Sparta as
its leader. The other leader was Athens, which controlled
the Delian League.
Supposedly, a messenger
(Pheidippides) ran about 25 miles,
from Marathon to Athens, to
announce the defeat of the Persians.
At the end of the march, he died of
exhaustion.

41. Oracle: Athens will be
saved by wooden
walls= navy

42. In the Battle of Thermopylae of 480 BC an alliance of Greek city-states fought
the invading Persian army in the mountain pass of Thermopylae. Vastly outnumbered, the Greeks
held back the enemy in one of the most famous last stands of history. Persian King Xerxes lead a
Army of well over 100,000 (Persian king Xerxes before war has about 170,000 army) men to
Greece and was confronted by 300 Spartans, and several hundred Arcadians. Xerxes waited for
10 days for King Leonidas to surrender or withdraw left with no options he moved. The battle
lasted for about 3 days and after which all 300 Spartans were killed. The Spartan defeat was not
the one expected, as a local shepherd defected to the Persians and informed Xerxes of a secret
path through Thermopylae, which the Persians could use to outflank the Greeks.

44. 4. Hellenistic Greece (323 - 146 B.C.)
The Hellenistic Age in Greece followed the
Classical Age and preceded the
incorporation of the Greek empire within
the Roman. During this time the language
and culture of Greece spread throughout
the world. It officially starts with the death
of Alexander. Some of the major Greek
contributors to science lived during this
time, including Euclid and Archimedes.
Moral philosophers started new schools.
The Hellenistic Age ended when Greece
became part of the Roman Empire.

45. Naxian Sphinx, Delphi

55. Hippocrates of Cos or
Hippokrates of Kos, was an
ancient Greek physician of the
Age of Pericles, philosopher,
naturalist and is considered one
of the most outstanding figures
in the history of medicine. He
is referred to as the father of
western medicine.

56. The Caduceus—the winged wand
entwined by serpents was
carried by Hermes,
signifies the medical arts.

64. After Hippocrates, the next significant physician was Galen, a Greek
who lived from AD 129 to AD 200.

69. The myth of Romulus and Remus
Rhea was a princess and a mortal woman who was married to Mars, the
Roman god of war. Rhea and Mars had twin sons and named them
Romulus and Remus. Some of the other gods were jealous of Mars and
Rhea, and plotted to kill Romulus and Remus. Rhea heard about the plot.
Since Mars was away she needed to protect the boys. She put them in a
basket and set it floating down the river hoping that they would be found.
They were found by a female wolf who decided to raise them as her own
cubs. After the boys had grown some the wolf knew she couldn't keep
them so she put them where a shepherd would find them. The shepherd
and his wife continued to raise Romulus and Remus.
As the boys grew into manhood, they decided to build a city and rule it as
its king. They had a contest to see who would be the top king. When it
appeared that Remus was going to win the contest, Romulus got so angry
that he killed Remus with a rock and became the first king of Rome. This
is an important story for Romans since their city was started by the son of
a god it had to be more powerful than any other city.
Now look at the names Romulus and Rome. This is supposed to be how
Rome got its name.

71. Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity (509 B.C.–A.D. 476)
Etruscans

74. More than 2,000 years
later, the framers of the
United States
Constitution would
adapt Roman ideas of
government, such as the
senate, the veto, and
checks on political
power.

83. Beware the
Ides of
March!

92. Rome grew
Wealthy as
A result of
Owning so
Many rich
Provinces.
Mare Nostrum =
Our Sea, since
They owned areas
Bordering the
Mediterranean.

93. Twelve Tables

95. The Rise of Christianity

98. Roman Catholic Church hierarchy

100. Paul the Apostle, original name Saul of
Tarsus, was an apostle who taught the
gospel of Christ to the first-century world.

122. On August 24, 79 AD Mount Vesuvius
erupted.
Pompeii and Herculaneum were Roman cities
built on the sides of Mt. Vesuvius. When
Vesuvius erupted, both cities were covered in
ash. It happened so quickly that people in
these two cities didn't have time to get out. For
almost two thousand years, the cities remained
buried under the ash.
When archaeologists finally found and dug out
the two cities, they found bread in ovens where
it had been baking. They found the mummified
remains of some people in the
temples, where they had gone to
pray for deliverance. The eruption
and efforts to rescue the people
were recorded by Pliny the
Younger, and have
survived to modern times.
Some people escaped in time,
but not those who hesitated to
save some precious object, such
as a statue or a bag of gold, or
those who thought they would
be safe hidden in their cellar (18
skeletons were found later in
one cellar), or those too slow on
their feet, like the beggar at the
gate. All of these people fell
beneath the hail of rocks,
suffocated in the ash or were
poisoned by the foul-smelling
gases. At least 2000 people died
within the city, and many more
fell on the road to escape.