Presented at ICT4S 2013, the First International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Sustainability, held in Zurich, February 2013, http://www.ict4s.org Further information about the research project: www.green-software-engineering.de

1. Green Software and Green
Software Engineering –
Definitions, Measurements, and
Quality Aspects
Eva Kern, Markus Dick,
Stefan Naumann,
Achim Guldner, Timo Johann
First International Conference on ICT for Sustainability, Zurich 2013

2. Outline
I. A Generic Model for Sustainable Software Engineering
II. Possible Quality Aspects for Green Software
III. How to Measure Green Software
IV. Challenges
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3. Motivation 1: Energy Consumption of ICT is still increasing
Prognose des IKT-Strombedarfs in Deutschland bis 2020
(Prozentualer Anteil nach Sektoren)
70.000
9,8%
60.000 10,3%
Stromverbrauch in GWh pro Jahr
10,8% 18,5%
11,6% 16,4%
50.000
16,4%
16,5% 10,4%
10,9%
40.000 Netzzugang und Kernnetz
12,1%
12,3% Server und Rechenzentren
30.000 Endgeräte in Unternehmen
Endgeräte in Haushalten
20.000 62,5% 61,3%
59,6% 60,7%
10.000
0
2007 2010 2015 2020
Datenquelle: Fraunhofer IZM; Fraunhofer ISI (2009): Abschätzung des Energiebedarfs der weiteren Entwicklung der Informationsgesellschaft, S. 115
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4. Motivation 2: An Energy Label for Software is missing!
ENERGY STAR® is a registered mark owned by the US government
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5. What is Sustainable Software Engineering?
“Sustainable Software Engineering is the art of
 defining and developing software products in a way so that
 negative and positive impacts on sustainability that
result or are expected to result from the software product
 over its whole lifecycle
 are continuously assessed, documented and optimized”
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6. II. A Generic Model for Green and
Sustainable Software Engineering

7. The
GREENSOFT
Model
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8. Overview of a GSE-Process Model
4 Px
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9. III. Possible Quality Aspects for Green
Software

10. Quality Model of Green & Sustainable Software
Indirectly related Directly related
Criteria Criteria
Travel
Fit for Purpose
Carbon Footprint
Reduction Energy
consumption
Beauty Feasibility
Waste
Product
Sustainability Infrastructure
Further
research
necessary Quality Model Accessibility
Reflectivity Social
Green and Sustainable Aspects Usability
Software
Common Organization
Criteria Sustainability
Runtime
efficiency Hardware
Portability
CPU-Intensity Obsolescence
Efficiency
Memory Usage Adaptability
Peripheral
Intensity Energy Efficiency
Idleness
Framework Entropy
Numbers of
Functional Types
Methods
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11. III. How to Measure Green Software

12. 12

13. Measuring Joomla: with vs. without HTML Caching
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14. IV. Challenges

15. Visualizing of Energy & Web: Green Power Indicator
 A tool to visualize the power quality of a website
 For users in the life cycle phase usage/maintanance
 Visualization to create awareness
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16. Challenges
 What is energy-efficient Software?
We need reproducible metrics and measurements, and
we need energy-aware software architectures!
 How can we produce energy-efficient Software?
We need process models which contain “green” ideas!
 How can we reinforce energy-efficient Software?
customer requirements, norms, certificates, teaching …
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17. Thank you for your attention!
Feel free to contact us:
Eva Kern, Stefan Naumann
{e.kern|s.naumann}@umwelt-campus.de
Trier University of Applied Sciences
Environmental Campus Birkenfeld
Institute for Software Systems
Germany
greensoft@umwelt-campus.de
Ref.-No. 17N1209
http://www.green-software-engineering.de/
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