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A probabilistically time-scaled 1,000- 
taxon phylogenetic hypothesis for 
Mesozoic dinosaurs and the origins 
of flight and crown-birds 
Graeme T. Lloyd David W. Bapst 
@GraemeTLloyd @dwbapst 
Katie E. Davis Matt Friedman 
@drkatiedavis @Friedman_Lab
When? 
1. Dinosaurs 
2. Flight 
3. Crown birds
Simultaneous inference 
Lee et al 2014
A posteriori time-scaling 
paleotree 
strap
A posteriori time-scaling 
+ 
paleotree 
strap
A posteriori time-scaling 
+ = 
paleotree 
strap
A posteriori time-scaling 
Arbitrary 
Arbitrary addition(s) 
Derstler 1982 
Minimum branch-length 
Laurin 2004 
Branch-sharing 
Ruta et al 2006; Brusatte et al 2008
A posteriori time-scaling 
Arbitrary Probabilistic 
cal3 
Bapst 2013 
Nowak 
Nowak et al 2013 
Hedman method 
Lloyd and Friedman in prep 
Arbitrary addition(s) 
Derstler 1982 
Minimum branch-length 
Laurin 2004 
Branch-sharing 
Ruta et al 2006; Brusatte et al 2008
A posteriori time-scaling 
Arbitrary Probabilistic 
cal3 
Bapst 2013 
Hedman method 
Lloyd and Friedman in prep
cal3 method 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* * 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Bapst 2013
cal3 method 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* * 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Bapst 2013
cal3 method 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* * 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Bapst 2013
cal3 method 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* * 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Bapst 2013
Hedman method 
Target node Outgroup taxon 
TIME 
Hedman 2010; Lloyd and Friedman in prep
Hedman method 
Target node Outgroup taxon 
TIME 
Hedman 2010; Lloyd and Friedman in prep
Phylogenetic approach 
Pisani et al. 2002 Lloyd et al. 2008
Pipeline 
Collect 
data 
graemetlloyd.com
Pipeline 
Collect 
data 
Reconcile 
taxonomy
Pipeline 
Collect 
data 
Reconcile 
taxonomy 
Define 
cutoff
Pipeline 
Collect 
data 
Reconcile 
taxonomy 
Define 
cutoff 
Consensus 
vs. MPTs
Pipeline 
Taxonomy 
tree 
ABCDEFGHIJKL 
Class Order Family Genus
Pipeline 
Taxonomy 
tree 
Safe Taxon. 
Reduction 
github.com/graemetlloyd/Claddis 
Wilkinson 1995
Taxonomy 
tree 
Safe Taxon. 
Reduction 
Weights 
Pipeline
Taxonomy 
tree 
Safe Taxon. 
Reduction 
Weights Inference 
Pipeline
Taxonomy 
tree 
Safe Taxon. 
Reduction 
Weights Inference 
Pipeline
Results 
Hedman cal3
Dinosauria 
Hedman cal3
Dinosauria 
2.6% 
9.6% 
Hedman cal3
Dinosauria 
0.2% 
1.0% 
Hedman cal3 
-
Aves 
Hedman cal3
Aves 
Hedman cal3
Crown birds 
Hedman cal3
Crown birds 
cal3 
Hedman 
95% HPD
Crown birds 
cal3 
Hedman 
Molecular Clock 
95% HPD
Crown birds 
cal3 
Hedman 
Molecular Clock 
95% HPD 
Morphological Clock
Conclusions 
Hedman 
cal3
Conclusions 
Hedman 
cal3
Conclusions 
Hedman 
cal3
Conclusions 
Hedman 
cal3

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A probabilistically time-scaled 1,000-taxon phylogenetic hypothesis for Mesozoic dinosaurs and the origins of flight and crown-birds

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Ca3 dates: 243.2802 252.1859 247.3917 Hedman dates: 245.4865 255.4662 249.4067
  2. Ca3 dates: 243.2802 252.1859 247.3917 Hedman dates: 245.4865 255.4662 249.4067
  3. Ca3 dates: 236.4024 248.3425 240.9010 Hedman dates: 235.9872 249.7923 243.3357
  4. Cal3 dates: 155.7618 168.0976 163.1616 (155.7546 168.2523 163.0148) Hedman dates: 152.3904 172.6907 158.1100 (152.3904 172.6907 157.9058)
  5. Cal3 dates: 151.2605 165.8007 160.2343 (150.8128 165.7816 160.0459) Hedman dates: 152.0843 171.7647 157.4884 (152.0914 171.3843 157.4510)
  6. Cal3 dates: 70.48813 95.94979 76.62220 (70.70868 94.13697 76.29693) Hedman dates: 68.98936 108.00520 86.01446 (69.07435 108.55864 86.10264)