The technique of molecular biology like DNA isolation, RNA isolation, PCR, Western blot, RFLP, etc was developed with development in science. This presentation includes the method of DNA and RNA isolation and their Quantification techniques.
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DNA & RNA isolation
1. DNA & RNA
ISOLATION
Technique, Methodology and application
By Geetika Gupta
B.Sc (H) Medical Biotechnology
8th Semester
Amity Institute of Biotechnology.
2. Definition
DNA isolation is extraction/purification of
DNA from different sources through
physical and chemical reactions.
RNA isolation is extraction/purification of
RNA from various sources through
physical and chemical reactions.
3. DNA isolation
It was first performed by Friedrich Miescher in 1869.
It is used in various aspects of science e.g., Forensic sc.,
Genetic analysis, Molecular analysis, etc.
DNA isolation from different sources require different
methodology.
Isolation method depend on:
The source of DNA - blood, tissue, bacterial, viruses etc.
The final application – PCR, restriction, sequencing,
fingerprinting, library construction, etc
The type of DNA - genomic or plasmid.
5. Procedure of DNA isolation
Extraction of DNA involves 4 basic steps :
i) Preparation of cell extract from whole
blood
ii) Purification of DNA from cell extract.
iii) Concentration of DNA samples
iv) Measurement of purity of DNA
concentration
8. Quantification
Quantification is performed by
NanoDrop, a machine used to quantify
DNA, RNA, Protein amount in sample
and assess purity of the product.
Earlier spectrophotometer was used to
quantify isolated DNA.
10. DNA storage
DNA isolation kit Qiagen and Proteinase
K is stored in 4°C.
Whole blood (DNA sample) is stored at- -
20°C or -80°C.
70% Ethanol and isopropanol is also
stored at 4°C.
11. DNA Check Run
DNA check run is performed by in
0.8% of Agrose Gel Electrophoresis.
Components of Agrose:
0.8% Agrose (0.8g Agrose in 1ml TAE)
TAE buffer
13. Application of DNA isolation
Used to gather evidence in a crime
investigation ( Forensic science)
Used in genetic modification of plants
In fingerprinting/ genetic identification
Molecular biology investigations
Introduction of DNA into cells of
animals and plants
Diagnostic Purpose
14.
15. RNA isolation
Main purpose of RNA purification is to
isolate intact RNA for techniques like
cDNA library construction, RT-PCR, etc.
Isolation of RNA is very sensitive and
specific process that has to be performed
with utmost precautions and care.
16. Reagents used in RNA
isolation
RBCL – Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer
PBS – Phosphate Buffer saline
TriZol – Acid Guanidinium Thiocynate
Phenol Chloroform Solution
Chloroform
Isopropanol
70% Ethanol
Nuclease free Water
18. Homogenization
by RBCL and PBS
Phase Separation
by Chloroform
RNA Precipitation
by ice chilled Isopropanol
RNA wash
by 75% Ethanol
RNA solubilization
by Nuclease Free water
21. RNA storage
RNA isolation reagents TriZol,
Chloroform, Isopropanol, 70%
Ethanol, Nuclease Free Water are
stored at 4°C
Total RNA extracted stored in -20°C
PBS and RBCL Buffer is stored at
room temperature.
22. Application of RNA isolation
Total RNA isolated can be used in:
Northern analysis
In-vitro translation
Poly-A selection
RNase protection assay
Molecular cloning
23. Reference
https://www.slideshare.net/AsmaAshraf7/dna-isolation-
73144905
DNA Extraction Created by George Rice, Montana State
University
Alaska BioPREP Virtual Textbook
http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/Portals/6/DMX/GENOMIC_RESO
URCES/DNA%20extraction-
Comparison%20of%20methodologies.pdf
Rumaizah Muhamad, “RNA extraction” presentation
http://www.ukm.my/umbi/wp-
content/uploads/techrevision/RNA%20EXTRACTION.pdf
Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA
isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform
extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156-9.
Chomczynski, P. (1993) Biotechniques 15, 532.
Hinweis der Redaktion
2 - generating rna into protein in vitro
3 – to remove massive amt of rRNA from the sample
4 – detect and measure abundance of mRNA in total rna