How Things Communicate in the IoT
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The document discusses several protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) communication including CoAP, HTTP, XMPP, and MQTT. It provides overviews of each protocol, including key features such as message formats, flows, implementations, and example usage scenarios. While each protocol has advantages for different IoT applications, the document concludes that there is no single solution and protocols need to coexist based on factors like device constraints, network reliability, data rates, and processing needs.
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How Things Communicate in the IoT
- 1. How do Things talk ? Christian Götz, dc-square 3rd June 2014 IoT Application Protocols
- 4. ...but wait …who’s talking here ??
- 5. CEO & Founder of dc-square We do IoT communication at scale I talk and write about IoT and MQTT I love to build new things Christian Götz dc-square goetzchr
- 6. 20,000,000,000 devices 250 new devices every second every person owns ≈ 7 devices 2020 http://blogs.cisco.com/news/cisco-connections-counter/ http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf
- 7. Language of the IoT?
- 9. Widely Known and Used Polling One way communication Detailed Header HTTP suitable for IOT ?
- 10. Challenges
- 12. HTTP is too verbose
- 13. HTTPCoAP
- 14. 0 1 2 3! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1! +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+! |Ver| T | TKL | Code | Message ID |! +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+! | Token (if any, TKL bytes) ...! +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+! | Options (if any) ...! +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+! |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1| Payload (if any) ...! +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+! CoAP no more headers
- 17. Client Server Request Response Non-Confirmable Message 1/2 CoAP Message Flow
- 18. Client Server Request Response Ack Ack Confirmable Message 2/2 CoAP Message Flow
- 19. Server Client http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-observe-13 GetOptObserve Response Response Response Response 10 ℃ 8 ℃ 7 ℃ 5 ℃ 4 ℃ 10 ℃ 8 ℃ 7 ℃ 4 ℃ lost Response 5 ℃ CoAP Observe
- 20. CoAP RESTful Discovery of Resources /.well-known/core Multicast Content-Negotiation Proxy CoAP-HTTP and HTTP-CoAP DTLS
- 21. CoAP Tools & Implementations Californium and Copper Logo from http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/ Californium & Copper + More Implementations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained_Application_Protocol#Implementations
- 22. XMPP
- 23. developed for chat based on XML extensible decentral / inter-server TLS and SASL XMPP at a glance XMPP
- 25. XMPP flow <iq type =’get’! from =’client@jax.de’! to =‘tempsensor@jax.de’! id =’S0001’>! <req xmlns =’urn:xmpp:iot:sensordata’ seqnr =’1’ momentary =’true’ >! </iq> 1/3
- 26. XMPP flow <iq type =’result’! from =’client@jax.de’! to =‘tempsensor@jax.de’! id =’S0001’>! <accepted xmlns =’urn:xmpp:iot:sensordata’ seqnr =’1’/ >! </iq> 2/3
- 27. XMPP flow <message from =’...’ to =’...’> <fields xmlns=’urn:xmpp:iot:sensordata’ seqnr =’1’ done =’true’> <node nodeId =’Device01’> <timestamp value=‘2013-03-07T16:24:30’>" <numeric name =’Temperature’ momentary =‘true’ automaticReadout =’true’ " value =’23.4’ unit =’°C’ >" </timestamp>" </node></fields></message> 3/3
- 28. From chat to IoT - status quo
- 29. Who’s a friend ?
- 31. 323 Sensor Data experimental 04/2014 324 Provisioning experimental 03/2014 325 Control experimental 04/2014 326 Concentrators experimental 03/2014 347 Discovery experimental 04/2014 ??? Interoperability not approved ??? Pub/Sub IoT not existent Source: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/xmpp-extensions/ XMPP extensions
- 32. It’s still XML
- 36. Subscribe
- 37. Publish
- 38. Temperature Sensor MQTT-Broker Laptop Smart Phone publish: “21°C“ publish: “21°C“ publish: “21°C“ subscribe subscribe
- 39. Topics lightweight QoS Levels Retained / LWT MQTT over Websockets Bridging SSL MQTT at a glance
- 41. London BigBen London Eye people temp people temp / / MQTT topics 101 / The temperature of Big Ben London/BigBen/temp
- 42. London BigBen London Eye people temp people temp / / MQTT topics 101 All temperature values London/+/temp /
- 43. London BigBen London Eye people temp people temp / / MQTT topics 101 All from the London Eye London/LondonEye/# /
- 44. London BigBen London Eye people temp people temp / / MQTT topics 101 All messages # /
- 45. MQTT Broker central communication point different implementations additional features + others http://mqtt.org/wiki/doku.php/brokers
- 46. MQTT for WSN utilizes UDP Gateway to MQTT Topic Preregistration Sleeping Clients MQTT at a glance -SN
- 48. REVAMPED REVAMPED MQTT (with SSL) vs HTTPS less battery - Establishing 1st Connection (compensated after 5,5 min) + Reconnect + Maintaining Connection + Receiving Messages + Sending Messages better throughput + Less Overhead + Persistent Sessions + Pub/Sub Architecture Source: http://stephendnicholas.com/archives/1217
- 49. Description... MQTT real world usage https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook- engineering/building-facebook-messenger/ 10150259350998920
- 50. MQTT tools Public Broker http://mqttdashboard.com Java-Broker with Plugin SDK Client Lib
- 52. protocol war
- 53. You Mean the One and Unique Solutions For All Problems ! DOES NOT EXIST?
- 54. coexistence
- 55. How to choose a protocol? How constrained are the devices? Reliable/unreliable network? What is the message rate? How is the data processed further? Push or Pull ?
- 56. 15 NEW STORES Description... How to choose a protocol?