SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo

- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf

•
•
G
gmmo

Ecology

Umweltschutz
1 von 73
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ? ?   152 152  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ?  ?         ،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬   ?   ? ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ?  ?                           ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                           ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K       ‫א‬         ‫א‬               ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬            ‫א‬              ‫א‬‫א‬           ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬                         ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K                
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  1  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬ K   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 3 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 4 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ، ‫א‬‫א‬     W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ،  ،      ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     3 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   1    Beaker   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   2    Conical Flask    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   3       Graduated Cylinder   ‫א‬‫א‬   4       Volumetric Flask ‫א‬ ‫א‬   5    Funnel    ‫א‬‫א‬   6    Burette   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   7    Pipette    ‫א‬‫א‬     8   ‫א‬ Test Tube   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   9   ‫א‬    Test tube Holder ‫א‬‫א‬   10   Test tube Rack  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   11   Wash Bottle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   12   Watch Glass  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   13   F  E     Stir Rod    ‫א‬   14    Bunsen Burner  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   15   Wire Gauze   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   16   Crucible    ‫א‬  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     4 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   17   Evaporating Dish    ‫א‬‫א‬   18    Sample Bottle  ‫א‬   19   Droppers    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   20   Desiccator  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   21  ‫א‬ Sensitive balance   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   22   Water bath  ‫א‬‫א‬   23   Incubator  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   24     Oven ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   25   Furnace ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Personal protective tools 26   F  E   lab coat  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   27  ‫א‬  Gloves  ‫א‬   28     Mask  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   29  ‫א‬‫א‬    Goggles   ‫א‬   30  ‫א‬    Closed-toe shoes ‫א‬  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     5  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   31  ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E  Fume Hood   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   32  ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety shower & Eye Washes    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   33  ‫א‬‫א‬  First-aid kit  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   34  ‫א‬     fire extinguisher    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     6  W F ‫א‬‫א‬ E    1 KW ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W      ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   1         2         3         4         5          2 KW ‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   1    Funnel   6    Pipette   2       7       3    Watch Glass   8    water bath   4       9       5    Burette   10    flask  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     7  W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8        9        10           
              ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     8 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4 E ‫א‬ Risk-Phrase ‫א‬ Safety-Phrase ‫א‬‫א‬ 5 E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ W      ‫א‬‫א‬    ،       W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬،  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K    
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     9 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ Risk-Phrase ‫א‬ Safety-Phrase ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W     F  E ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،    ‫א‬  Hazard symbols W   ‫א‬‫א‬ Hazard symbols  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬ Standards organizations ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬  F 1 E ‫א‬‫א‬،  K  F 1 WE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   1     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   Biohazard Sign  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ،   ،  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،      2     ‫א‬   Radiation Sign ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   3     ‫א‬‫א‬   High voltage sign ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   4        Warning sign   ‫א‬     
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     10 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Ordinance on Hazardous Substances ،    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ .  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ : •   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ F      E •     ‫א‬ F    ‫א‬ E •      ‫א‬  .   ‫א‬ F 2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  R & S Phrases    ‫א‬  "R"   ‫א‬    (Risk)  ‫א‬  "S"  ‫א‬    (Safety) ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  Ordinance on Hazardous Substances ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F R-phrases E ‫א‬‫א‬ F S-phrases E  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K      ‫א‬  R F R-phrases E    ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  W     R10 W    R41 W ‫א‬       ‫א‬  S F S-phrases E    ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  W     S22 W ‫א‬   S34 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     11    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫ـ‬ E  FW R12-20 E     R12  R20       ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   R12  R20    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  F / E  FW R26/27/28 E    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      R26   R27    R28  K   ‫א‬ F 3 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K    F 2 WE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ( R-phrases) Risks   1    Toxic ( T )   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   R23 ، R24 ، R25 2    Very toxic ( T+ ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     R26 ، R27 ، R28   3    Corrosive ( C ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   R34 ، R35   4    Explosive ( E ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    R1 ، R2 ، R3   5    Harmful ( Xn )   ‫א‬   R20 ، R21 ، R22   6    Irritant ( Xi ) ‫א‬ R37 ، R38 ، R41   7    Highly inflammabl ( F ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   R11   8    Extremely inflammable ( F+ ) ‫א‬‫א‬ R12   9    Oxidizing agent ( O )   ‫א‬ R7 ، R8 ، R9   10    Dangerous for the environment ( N )   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    R50 ، R51 ، R52 ، R53       
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     12    F 3 WE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     13  W ‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬    2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    3  J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Risk-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E   4  J     ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E   ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬   R-Phrase    W ‫א‬   S-Phrase   C   (Corrosive)  ‫א‬    R 34  W    S 26  W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K   S 45  W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K          
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     14       F 1 E W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬                       F 2 E W ‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   1 T+     2       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  3     Explosive   4     Irritant   5     Dangerous for the environment     6   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   7 O      
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     15  F 3 WE  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    3  J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Risk-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E 4  J     ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬ R-Phrase    W ‫א‬ S-Phrase       J Xi  J N ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   R37 W ‫א‬‫א‬   R50 W ‫א‬‫א‬   S36 W   S57 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬                        
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     16    W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  W    1  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   3  J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Risk-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E 4  J     ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬  E     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬ R-Phrase    W ‫א‬ S-Phrase   1             2              
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  3 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     17 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 E ‫א‬ 4 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ W  4      ‫א‬‫א‬ W    ،  ، ‫א‬      W     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  F   E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬        
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     18 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ pollution  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K    ‫א‬ pollutants ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬ 2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   3 E ‫א‬‫א‬ 4 E  ‫א‬ 5 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    F  E ،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    J  ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬  J ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، W  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     19   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ KKKKKKKKK   W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬   J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       J ‫א‬      W    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬        J ‫א‬‫א‬ F ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ EKKKKKKK   J ‫א‬‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬        J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J   ‫א‬ CO 2  J ‫א‬ NOx   3  J ‫א‬ SOx 4  J ‫א‬   5  J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK    L  L ‫א‬‫א‬   J  ‫א‬    J   ‫א‬     J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J ‫א‬    J     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   ‫א‬‫א‬ L   L   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J ‫א‬   J     W    J    J     J     W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    L   ‫א‬    W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬       W                  ‫א‬   F  E   W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKK  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     20 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W  J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK      W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    L    J ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J     J ‫א‬    J     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    L   L  ‫א‬     F ‫א‬ E   W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   ‫א‬‫א‬ L   L    J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W    J ‫א‬    J  ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   W    J ‫א‬    J    F  L  L  L  EKKKKKK    J    F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬  L  L  L  EKKKKKKKKL   ‫א‬‫א‬ L    L   ‫א‬‫א‬   W    J  F  ‫א‬  J EKKKKKKKK    J ‫א‬‫א‬    W                  ‫א‬   F  E             W    J   W    J ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     21 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK       F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   W    J     J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬          F  ‫א‬ E   W     L ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬    3  J ‫א‬  4  J ‫א‬ 5  J  F  E ‫א‬  F 1 WE ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬         F  ‫א‬   E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J   ‫א‬   J   ‫א‬    J   ‫א‬    J     J     
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     22  F 2 WE ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬    J ‫א‬  J      J     F ‫א‬ E   ‫ـ‬        ‫ـ‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫ـ‬ ‫א‬   ‫ـ‬    F  ،  ،  E  ‫ـ‬    ‫ـ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     F 3 WE ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J ‫א‬    J    F  ،  ،  E    J ‫א‬  
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     23  W   F ،‫א‬‫א‬  E     F 1 E W ‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬ ‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬    3  J ‫א‬ 4  J ‫א‬ 5  J  F  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K    W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K      1      2      3   4   5   6    7    8    9
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     24  10    11    12    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   1 2  J    J    3 4    5  J  ‫א‬‫א‬   6 7 8
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     25 9 10 ‫א‬   11 12  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬      W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F  E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K   2  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ،،‫א‬  E   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F 1 E  F 2 E  F Flash – CD E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  4 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J J 2 2  ‫א‬‫א‬   J 2
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J 2    26 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J 2   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    F  E ،    ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ W     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L   ‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J 2    27    W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬    3  J ‫א‬ 4  J ‫א‬ 5  J  F  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  5 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    28 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ W  4    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    29 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   - ‫א‬ ‫א‬   - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   -  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ W     ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ L                        
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  6  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    30 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ W    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 (     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 (  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F g /m3 µ E  F ppm E 3 (  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ W 2    ‫א‬‫א‬ W  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K    
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    31 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  Air Quality Standards W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Air Quality Standards ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Legal Limits ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ F 1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K            
‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    32 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W    1  J ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬ F  ‫א‬ L ‫א‬‫א‬ E    ‫א‬ W     J ‫א‬‫א‬ L  3 F g /m3 µ E     J ‫א‬‫א‬ L  3    F  mg/m3  E     W g µ 1000 = mg 1     2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ W     J  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ L ‫א‬‫א‬ E  ml/m3  =  ppm F ‫א‬ E      J  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ L ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ‫א‬  F g /m3 µ E  F mg/m3  E     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ppm E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F g /m3 µ E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J  F ppm  E  F g /m3 µ E     T P MW ppm m g       4 . 22 273 1000 / 3      2  J  F ppm  E  F mg/m3  E       T P MW ppm m mg      4 . 22 273 / 3     3  J   F g /m3 µ E  F ppm  E   P MW T m g ppm       273 1000 4 . 22 ) / ( 3   
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf

Empfohlen

Environnementologieعلم البيئة
Environnementologieعلم البيئةEnvironnementologieعلم البيئة
Environnementologieعلم البيئةBeata Plus Bureau D'études
 
نظم الإنشاءات
نظم الإنشاءاتنظم الإنشاءات
نظم الإنشاءاتZainabTaher5
 
اعمال الالمونيوم4
اعمال الالمونيوم4اعمال الالمونيوم4
اعمال الالمونيوم4Ahmed Ebrahim
 
اعمال الالمونيوم2
اعمال الالمونيوم2اعمال الالمونيوم2
اعمال الالمونيوم2Ahmed Ebrahim
 
السلامة المهنية
السلامة المهنيةالسلامة المهنية
السلامة المهنيةالغريب المسافر
 
معالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.com
معالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.comمعالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.com
معالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.comNew Tech.Net - التقنية.نت
 
Huruf stopmotion
Huruf stopmotionHuruf stopmotion
Huruf stopmotionRikiHarjanto
 
Importace industrial safty in the plants
Importace industrial safty in the plantsImportace industrial safty in the plants
Importace industrial safty in the plantsRaniaElrifai2
 

Empfohlen

Environnementologieعلم البيئة
Environnementologieعلم البيئةEnvironnementologieعلم البيئة
Environnementologieعلم البيئةBeata Plus Bureau D'études
 
نظم الإنشاءات
نظم الإنشاءاتنظم الإنشاءات
نظم الإنشاءاتZainabTaher5
 
اعمال الالمونيوم4
اعمال الالمونيوم4اعمال الالمونيوم4
اعمال الالمونيوم4Ahmed Ebrahim
 
اعمال الالمونيوم2
اعمال الالمونيوم2اعمال الالمونيوم2
اعمال الالمونيوم2Ahmed Ebrahim
 
السلامة المهنية
السلامة المهنيةالسلامة المهنية
السلامة المهنيةالغريب المسافر
 
معالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.com
معالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.comمعالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.com
معالجة الصور بالحاسب - www.maktbah.comNew Tech.Net - التقنية.نت
 
Huruf stopmotion
Huruf stopmotionHuruf stopmotion
Huruf stopmotionRikiHarjanto
 
Importace industrial safty in the plants
Importace industrial safty in the plantsImportace industrial safty in the plants
Importace industrial safty in the plantsRaniaElrifai2
 
إدارة الجودة الشاملة
إدارة الجودة الشاملةإدارة الجودة الشاملة
إدارة الجودة الشاملةMohammad Alloqtta
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdfgmmo
 
He acc manualv3
He acc manualv3He acc manualv3
He acc manualv3Dr-Alaa Said
 
Arc204
Arc204Arc204
Arc204Áhlóúmá Ḱḩ
 
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظريأساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظريالغريب المسافر
 
الموازنات واعداد التقارير
الموازنات واعداد التقاريرالموازنات واعداد التقارير
الموازنات واعداد التقاريرmamdoh osman
 
اجراءات السكرتارية 1
اجراءات السكرتارية 1اجراءات السكرتارية 1
اجراءات السكرتارية 1Mohamed Elfarran,PhD
 
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني Gamal Faragallah
 
خواص واختبارات المواد نظري
خواص واختبارات المواد نظريخواص واختبارات المواد نظري
خواص واختبارات المواد نظريAhmed Gamal
 
Alfabeto Cursiva
Alfabeto CursivaAlfabeto Cursiva
Alfabeto CursivaStephania Spinola Perez
 
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdfتقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdfMarzoukAfandy
 
Steel structures
Steel structuresSteel structures
Steel structuresHassan Yamout
 
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္thinthinaung2005
 
تلوث الغذاء.ppt
تلوث الغذاء.pptتلوث الغذاء.ppt
تلوث الغذاء.pptgmmo
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdfgmmo
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdfgmmo
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdfgmmo
 
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.pptالدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.pptgmmo
 
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.pptاساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.pptgmmo
 
تربية النحل
تربية النحلتربية النحل
تربية النحلgmmo
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet DhakalCCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet DhakalOECD Environment
 
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability ReportLittle Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability ReportKennethOng48
 

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie - تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf

إدارة الجودة الشاملة
إدارة الجودة الشاملةإدارة الجودة الشاملة
إدارة الجودة الشاملةMohammad Alloqtta
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdfgmmo
 
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظريأساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظريالغريب المسافر
 
الموازنات واعداد التقارير
الموازنات واعداد التقاريرالموازنات واعداد التقارير
الموازنات واعداد التقاريرmamdoh osman
 
اجراءات السكرتارية 1
اجراءات السكرتارية 1اجراءات السكرتارية 1
اجراءات السكرتارية 1Mohamed Elfarran,PhD
 
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني Gamal Faragallah
 
خواص واختبارات المواد نظري
خواص واختبارات المواد نظريخواص واختبارات المواد نظري
خواص واختبارات المواد نظريAhmed Gamal
 
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdfتقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdfMarzoukAfandy
 
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္thinthinaung2005
 

Ähnlich wie - تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf (13)

إدارة الجودة الشاملة
إدارة الجودة الشاملةإدارة الجودة الشاملة
إدارة الجودة الشاملة
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-نظري.pdf
 
He acc manualv3
He acc manualv3He acc manualv3
He acc manualv3
 
Arc204
Arc204Arc204
Arc204
 
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظريأساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
أساسيات الكيمياء العضوية نظري
 
الموازنات واعداد التقارير
الموازنات واعداد التقاريرالموازنات واعداد التقارير
الموازنات واعداد التقارير
 
اجراءات السكرتارية 1
اجراءات السكرتارية 1اجراءات السكرتارية 1
اجراءات السكرتارية 1
 
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
الكهرباء والاشعال للصف الثاني
 
خواص واختبارات المواد نظري
خواص واختبارات المواد نظريخواص واختبارات المواد نظري
خواص واختبارات المواد نظري
 
Alfabeto Cursiva
Alfabeto CursivaAlfabeto Cursiva
Alfabeto Cursiva
 
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdfتقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
تقنية التفريخ الآلي.pdf
 
Steel structures
Steel structuresSteel structures
Steel structures
 
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
ပညာသင္ၾကားရျခင္း၏ အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္
 

Mehr von gmmo

تلوث الغذاء.ppt
تلوث الغذاء.pptتلوث الغذاء.ppt
تلوث الغذاء.pptgmmo
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdfgmmo
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdfgmmo
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdfgmmo
 
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.pptالدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.pptgmmo
 
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.pptاساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.pptgmmo
 
تربية النحل
تربية النحلتربية النحل
تربية النحلgmmo
 

Mehr von gmmo (7)

تلوث الغذاء.ppt
تلوث الغذاء.pptتلوث الغذاء.ppt
تلوث الغذاء.ppt
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - نظري.pdf
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 153 حيا - مدخل علم الأحياء الدقيقة-عملي.pdf
 
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
- تخصص حماية البيئة 151 حما -مبادئ الصحة العامة - عملي.pdf
 
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.pptالدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
الدورات الحيوية الأرضية الكيميائية.ppt
 
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.pptاساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
اساسيات النظام البـيـئــي.ppt
 
تربية النحل
تربية النحلتربية النحل
تربية النحل
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet DhakalCCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet DhakalOECD Environment
 
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability ReportLittle Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability ReportKennethOng48
 
Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...
Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...
Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...pensoftservices
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas Spencer
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas SpencerCCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas Spencer
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas SpencerOECD Environment
 
Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...
Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...
Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...pensoftservices
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio Cordano
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio CordanoCCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio Cordano
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio CordanoOECD Environment
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin Boonyarit
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin BoonyaritCCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin Boonyarit
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin BoonyaritOECD Environment
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi Menon
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi MenonCCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi Menon
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi MenonOECD Environment
 
Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.
Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.
Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.pensoftservices
 
Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...
Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...
Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...pensoftservices
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert Fremout
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert FremoutCCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert Fremout
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert FremoutOECD Environment
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban Kitous
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban KitousCCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban Kitous
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban KitousOECD Environment
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-Gunfaus
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-GunfausCCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-Gunfaus
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-GunfausOECD Environment
 
Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.
Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.
Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.pensoftservices
 
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - Presentation
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - PresentationENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - Presentation
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - PresentationTaruna Deshwal
 
Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...
Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...
Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...pensoftservices
 
CCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeaways
CCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeawaysCCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeaways
CCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeawaysOECD Environment
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia Ryan
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia RyanCCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia Ryan
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia RyanOECD Environment
 
XO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate Solution
XO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate SolutionXO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate Solution
XO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate SolutionAlexanderPlace
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, XU Huaqing
CCXG global forum, April 2024, XU HuaqingCCXG global forum, April 2024, XU Huaqing
CCXG global forum, April 2024, XU HuaqingOECD Environment
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet DhakalCCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Manjeet Dhakal
 
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability ReportLittle Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
Little Green Ranger ESG Sustainability Report
 
Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...
Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...
Issues regarding the provision of the Convention. Introduction to the Text an...
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas Spencer
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas SpencerCCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas Spencer
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Thomas Spencer
 
Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...
Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...
Biodiversity in CEE countries CBD challenges and opportunities for implement...
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio Cordano
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio CordanoCCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio Cordano
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Julio Cordano
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin Boonyarit
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin BoonyaritCCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin Boonyarit
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Watcharin Boonyarit
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi Menon
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi MenonCCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi Menon
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Surabi Menon
 
Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.
Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.
Biodiversity and Health. Prof. Richard Kock.
 
Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...
Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...
Discussing Specific Encounters for Eastern European Scientists: Involvement a...
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert Fremout
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert FremoutCCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert Fremout
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Geert Fremout
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban Kitous
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban KitousCCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban Kitous
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Alban Kitous
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-Gunfaus
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-GunfausCCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-Gunfaus
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Marta Torres-Gunfaus
 
Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.
Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.
Synthetic biology. Fanny Coppens, Sciensano.
 
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - Presentation
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - PresentationENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - Presentation
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND AWARENESS - Presentation
 
Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...
Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...
Discussing how the scientific mechanisms of the CBD work. CBD mechanisms, pro...
 
CCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeaways
CCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeawaysCCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeaways
CCXG global forum, April 2025, Key takeaways
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia Ryan
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia RyanCCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia Ryan
CCXG global forum, April 2024, Mia Ryan
 
XO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate Solution
XO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate SolutionXO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate Solution
XO2 high quality carbon offsets and Bamboo as a Climate Solution
 
CCXG global forum, April 2024, XU Huaqing
CCXG global forum, April 2024, XU HuaqingCCXG global forum, April 2024, XU Huaqing
CCXG global forum, April 2024, XU Huaqing
 

- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf

  • 2. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ?  ?         ،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬   ?   ? ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  • 3. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ?  ?                           ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                           ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K       ‫א‬         ‫א‬               ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬            ‫א‬              ‫א‬‫א‬           ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬                         ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K                
  • 5. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬ K   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 3 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 4 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ، ‫א‬‫א‬     W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  • 6. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ،  ،      ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        
  • 7. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     3 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   1    Beaker   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   2    Conical Flask    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   3       Graduated Cylinder   ‫א‬‫א‬   4       Volumetric Flask ‫א‬ ‫א‬   5    Funnel    ‫א‬‫א‬   6    Burette   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   7    Pipette    ‫א‬‫א‬     8   ‫א‬ Test Tube   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   9   ‫א‬    Test tube Holder ‫א‬‫א‬   10   Test tube Rack  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   11   Wash Bottle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   12   Watch Glass  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   13   F  E     Stir Rod    ‫א‬   14    Bunsen Burner  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   15   Wire Gauze   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   16   Crucible    ‫א‬  
  • 8. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     4 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   17   Evaporating Dish    ‫א‬‫א‬   18    Sample Bottle  ‫א‬   19   Droppers    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   20   Desiccator  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   21  ‫א‬ Sensitive balance   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   22   Water bath  ‫א‬‫א‬   23   Incubator  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   24     Oven ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   25   Furnace ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Personal protective tools 26   F  E   lab coat  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   27  ‫א‬  Gloves  ‫א‬   28     Mask  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   29  ‫א‬‫א‬    Goggles   ‫א‬   30  ‫א‬    Closed-toe shoes ‫א‬  
  • 9. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     5  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   31  ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E  Fume Hood   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   32  ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety shower & Eye Washes    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   33  ‫א‬‫א‬  First-aid kit  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   34  ‫א‬     fire extinguisher    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
  • 10. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     6  W F ‫א‬‫א‬ E    1 KW ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W      ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   1         2         3         4         5          2 KW ‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   1    Funnel   6    Pipette   2       7       3    Watch Glass   8    water bath   4       9       5    Burette   10    flask  
  • 11. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     7  W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8        9        10           
  • 12.               ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ?   ??  2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  • 13. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     8 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4 E ‫א‬ Risk-Phrase ‫א‬ Safety-Phrase ‫א‬‫א‬ 5 E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ W      ‫א‬‫א‬    ،       W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬،  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K    
  • 14. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     9 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ Risk-Phrase ‫א‬ Safety-Phrase ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W     F  E ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،    ‫א‬  Hazard symbols W   ‫א‬‫א‬ Hazard symbols  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬ Standards organizations ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬  F 1 E ‫א‬‫א‬،  K  F 1 WE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   1     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   Biohazard Sign  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ،   ،  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،      2     ‫א‬   Radiation Sign ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   3     ‫א‬‫א‬   High voltage sign ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   4        Warning sign   ‫א‬     
  • 15. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     10 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Ordinance on Hazardous Substances ،    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ .  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ : •   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ F      E •     ‫א‬ F    ‫א‬ E •      ‫א‬  .   ‫א‬ F 2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  R & S Phrases    ‫א‬  "R"   ‫א‬    (Risk)  ‫א‬  "S"  ‫א‬    (Safety) ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  Ordinance on Hazardous Substances ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F R-phrases E ‫א‬‫א‬ F S-phrases E  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K      ‫א‬  R F R-phrases E    ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  W     R10 W    R41 W ‫א‬       ‫א‬  S F S-phrases E    ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  W     S22 W ‫א‬   S34 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  • 16. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     11    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫ـ‬ E  FW R12-20 E     R12  R20       ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   R12  R20    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  F / E  FW R26/27/28 E    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      R26   R27    R28  K   ‫א‬ F 3 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K    F 2 WE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ( R-phrases) Risks   1    Toxic ( T )   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   R23 ، R24 ، R25 2    Very toxic ( T+ ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     R26 ، R27 ، R28   3    Corrosive ( C ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   R34 ، R35   4    Explosive ( E ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    R1 ، R2 ، R3   5    Harmful ( Xn )   ‫א‬   R20 ، R21 ، R22   6    Irritant ( Xi ) ‫א‬ R37 ، R38 ، R41   7    Highly inflammabl ( F ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   R11   8    Extremely inflammable ( F+ ) ‫א‬‫א‬ R12   9    Oxidizing agent ( O )   ‫א‬ R7 ، R8 ، R9   10    Dangerous for the environment ( N )   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    R50 ، R51 ، R52 ، R53       
  • 17. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     12    F 3 WE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   
  • 18. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     13  W ‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬    2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    3  J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Risk-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E   4  J     ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E   ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬   R-Phrase    W ‫א‬   S-Phrase   C   (Corrosive)  ‫א‬    R 34  W    S 26  W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K   S 45  W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K          
  • 19. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     14       F 1 E W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬                       F 2 E W ‫א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   1 T+     2       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  3     Explosive   4     Irritant   5     Dangerous for the environment     6   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   7 O      
  • 20. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     15  F 3 WE  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    3  J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Risk-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E 4  J     ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬ R-Phrase    W ‫א‬ S-Phrase       J Xi  J N ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   R37 W ‫א‬‫א‬   R50 W ‫א‬‫א‬   S36 W   S57 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬                        
  • 21. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     16    W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  W    1  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   3  J    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Risk-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬ E 4  J     ‫א‬‫א‬  Safety-Phrase F ‫א‬‫א‬  E     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬ R-Phrase    W ‫א‬ S-Phrase   1             2              
  • 23. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     17 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 E ‫א‬ 4 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ W  4      ‫א‬‫א‬ W    ،  ، ‫א‬      W     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  F   E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬        
  • 24. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     18 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ pollution  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K    ‫א‬ pollutants ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬ 2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   3 E ‫א‬‫א‬ 4 E  ‫א‬ 5 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    F  E ،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    J  ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬  J ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، W  
  • 25. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     19   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ KKKKKKKKK   W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬   J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       J ‫א‬      W    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬        J ‫א‬‫א‬ F ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ EKKKKKKK   J ‫א‬‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬        J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J   ‫א‬ CO 2  J ‫א‬ NOx   3  J ‫א‬ SOx 4  J ‫א‬   5  J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK    L  L ‫א‬‫א‬   J  ‫א‬    J   ‫א‬     J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J ‫א‬    J     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   ‫א‬‫א‬ L   L   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J ‫א‬   J     W    J    J     J     W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    L   ‫א‬    W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬       W                  ‫א‬   F  E   W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKK  
  • 26. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     20 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W  J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK      W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    L    J ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   W    J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J     J ‫א‬    J     J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    L   L  ‫א‬     F ‫א‬ E   W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK    W    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   ‫א‬‫א‬ L   L    J ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W    J ‫א‬    J  ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   W    J ‫א‬    J    F  L  L  L  EKKKKKK    J    F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬  L  L  L  EKKKKKKKKL   ‫א‬‫א‬ L    L   ‫א‬‫א‬   W    J  F  ‫א‬  J EKKKKKKKK    J ‫א‬‫א‬    W                  ‫א‬   F  E             W    J   W    J ‫א‬‫א‬
  • 27. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     21 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK       F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   W    J     J ‫א‬‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬          F  ‫א‬ E   W     L ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬    3  J ‫א‬  4  J ‫א‬ 5  J  F  E ‫א‬  F 1 WE ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬         F  ‫א‬   E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J   ‫א‬   J   ‫א‬    J   ‫א‬    J     J     
  • 28. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     22  F 2 WE ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬    J ‫א‬  J      J     F ‫א‬ E   ‫ـ‬        ‫ـ‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫ـ‬ ‫א‬   ‫ـ‬    F  ،  ،  E  ‫ـ‬    ‫ـ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     F 3 WE ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    J ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J ‫א‬    J    F  ،  ،  E    J ‫א‬  
  • 29. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     23  W   F ،‫א‬‫א‬  E     F 1 E W ‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬ ‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬    3  J ‫א‬ 4  J ‫א‬ 5  J  F  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K    W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K      1      2      3   4   5   6    7    8    9
  • 30. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     24  10    11    12    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   1 2  J    J    3 4    5  J  ‫א‬‫א‬   6 7 8
  • 31. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     25 9 10 ‫א‬   11 12  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬      W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F  E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K   2  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ،،‫א‬  E   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F 1 E  F 2 E  F Flash – CD E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
  • 33. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J 2    26 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J 2   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    F  E ،    ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ W     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L   ‫א‬
  • 34. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J 2    27    W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J ‫א‬‫א‬  2  J ‫א‬    3  J ‫א‬ 4  J ‫א‬ 5  J  F  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
  • 36. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    28 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ W  4    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    
  • 37. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    29 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    2 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   - ‫א‬ ‫א‬   - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   - ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   -  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ W     ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ L                        
  • 39. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    30 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ W    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1 (     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 (  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F g /m3 µ E  F ppm E 3 (  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ W 2    ‫א‬‫א‬ W  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K    
  • 40. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    31 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  Air Quality Standards W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Air Quality Standards ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Legal Limits ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ F 1 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K            
  • 41. ‫א‬   152    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    32 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W    1  J ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬ F  ‫א‬ L ‫א‬‫א‬ E    ‫א‬ W     J ‫א‬‫א‬ L  3 F g /m3 µ E     J ‫א‬‫א‬ L  3    F  mg/m3  E     W g µ 1000 = mg 1     2  J ‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ W     J  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ L ‫א‬‫א‬ E  ml/m3  =  ppm F ‫א‬ E      J  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ L ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ‫א‬  F g /m3 µ E  F mg/m3  E     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ppm E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F g /m3 µ E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W   1  J  F ppm  E  F g /m3 µ E     T P MW ppm m g       4 . 22 273 1000 / 3      2  J  F ppm  E  F mg/m3  E       T P MW ppm m mg      4 . 22 273 / 3     3  J   F g /m3 µ E  F ppm  E   P MW T m g ppm       273 1000 4 . 22 ) / ( 3   