IBM Rhapsody Code Generation Customization

IBM Software Group | Rational software
© 2008 IBM Corporation
Rhapsody Code Generation
basics and customizations
Giulio Santoli
Client Technical Professional, IBM Rational
giulio_santoli@it.ibm.com

Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
2
Model-Driven Development and the V-Process
Summary
1
6
Heavyweight Customizations4
Lightweight Customizations3
Model Paradigms and DMCA2
Full custom code generators with RulesComposer5
Agenda

3
Code Generation Customization, Why should I do that?

4
Model-Driven Development positioning in the V-Process
(Sub-)System
Integration & Test
System
Acceptance
Component
Integration &
Test
System
Design
Component
Analysis &
Design
Detailed
Component
Design
Requirements
Analysis
External
Requirements
Rhapsody Developer
Rhapsody Architect for Software
Rhapsody Designer for
Systems Engineers
Rhapsody Architect for
Systems Engineers
Rhapsody
TestConductor
Add On
MDD
MBT
MBSE
Rhapsody Design Manager

5
Generate new code from the model
Develop MISRA-C, MISRA-C++ and Ada applications
Maintain automated synchronization between model and code
Work simultaneously with architecture, software and target
All changes in one area reflected in the others
Visualize legacy C, C++ and Ada code
Visualize
existing
Generate
new code
Model Code
Synchronization
Model-Driven Development Approaches

6
Dynamic Model-Code Associativity (DMCA)
Change either the code or the model, the other changes automatically:

7
Rhapsody Code Generator can be customized in three different levels:
Lightweight customization
Setting code generation parameters (defaults)
Stereotyped based generation
Adding standard operations
Heavyweight customization (C and C++ only)
Simplifier helpers
Post simplification
Writer templates customization
Fully custom code generators
Creating a model-to-code transformation with RulesComposer
Customizing the Rhapsody Code Generation

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Rhapsody provides a big set of properties that do affect the code generation:
The “GC properties” control code generation aspects that are common to all languages
Language-specific properties (“CPP_GC”, “C_CG”, “Java_CG”, “Ada_CG”) control code
generations aspects for the corresponding language
Each model element has a pre-defined set of transformation parameters
These properties can be redefined at various scopes (component, package, individual
element)
Lightweight Customization

9
Consider a class with one attribute (i.e. attribute1), by default Rhapsody generates
both accessor (getAttribute1) and mutator (setAttribute1) operations.
Common Properties Example – Accessors & Mutators (1/2)

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Common Properties Example – Accessors & Mutators (2/2)
By changing some properties, it’s possible to obtain a different result, with no
additional operations nor attribute visibility change.

11
When a class is used as a read-only argument in an operation, by default
Rhapsody uses the reference rather than a pointer.
Lan-specific Properties Example – Class as Argument (1/2)

12
It’s possible to customize this behavior, either by specifying the default qualifier for
each class and/or by specifying the qualify to apply for a given argument.
Lang-specific Properties Example – Class as Argument (2/2)

13
Common Properties Customization Demo

14
Heavyweight customization with Simplifiers for C and C++
When generating C and C++ code, Rhapsody uses the following process:
The Rhapsody code generator silently converts the User Model to a temporary
Simplified Model, and then performs code generation on the Simplified Model
The Simplified Model is the User Model expanded to apply the code generation properties
and to include model elements that align more directly with the implementation language
The code generator does a literal translation of the Simplified Model to source code
User can define helpers to control how the Simplified Model is generated and how the
Simplified Model is translated to C/C++ code
Helpers
"Simplify" Properties
Simplifier
Code
Generator
Simplied Model
User Model
Properties
Application Code

15
A Better Picture of the Simplification Process
Source CodeSource Code
Code Model
(“Simplified” UML)
Code Model
(“Simplified” UML)
Transform
(Simplifier)
Transform
(Simplifier)
Generate
(Writer)
Generate
(Writer)
Implementation
Framework
Definition
Implementation
Framework
Definition
Generation
Parameters
(Properties)
Generation
Parameters
(Properties)
Structural Models Component ModelsBehavioral Models
Build
Files
Build
Files
Transformation
Logic
Transformation
Logic
Generation
Templates
Generation
Templates

16
Simplification Customization Properties
You can use the Simplify Properties to customize the Simplification process:
Custom Simplifiers can be added using pre-defined extension points (“hooks”)
Custom simplifiers manipulate the code model using Rhapsody APIs
Primary elements have pre-defined simplifier hooks
Class, Attribute, Operation, Generalization, Statechart, ….
For each element the simplify property can specify:
Default: follow out-of-the-box simplification
None: suppress the simplification
Copy: copy the application element to the
code model as is
User: replace out of the box one with a new
user defined one
User Post Default: invoke a custom simplifier
after the out of the box one

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Simplified Model
Default Simplification Example
Let’s take the simplest example, with a class with just one public attribute.
The property “CPP_CG::Configuration::ShowCgSimplifiedModelPackage” makes
Rhapsody display the Simplified Model.
User Model

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Simplified Model
“Copy” Simplify Example – Models
When you specify “Copy” in a simplify property for a model element, this is copied
into the Simplified Model as-is and no default simplification are applied.
User Model

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Generate Code: “Default” Simplify v.s. “Copy” Simplify
“Default” Simplify “Copy” Simplify

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Simplified Model
“None” Simplify Example – Models
When you specify “None” in a simplify property for a model element, this is ignored
by the simplify process and it’s not created in the Simplified Model at all.
User Model

21
Generate Code: “Default” Simplify v.s. “None” Simplify
“Default” Simplify “None” Simplify

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Custom Simplifier Implementation
To create a custom Simplifier with Rhapsody APIs, you need to create a class that
extends RPCodeGenSimpifier and implement all the inherited abstract methods.
Two methods are involved during the Simplification process:
postSimplify, invoked when the Simplify property is “User Post Default”
simplify, invoked when the Simplify property is “User”

23
Simplify Method
The simplify() operation is invoked when a User Model element is going to be
simplified, and the plug-in code should create the corresponding element in the
Simplifed Model.
User Model Simplified Model

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Post Simplify Method
User Model Simplified Model
The postSimplify() operation is invoked when a User Model element has been
already simplifed, and the plug-in code can make changes to the corresponding
element in the Simplifed Model.

25
Post Simplify Method Example
In this example we are adding a entry/exit trace call in the body of the operation.
There are things you need to consider when manipulating the Simplified Model:
always invoke notifySimplificationDone() at the end of simplify() and postSimpilify()
methods
if you enable code roundtrip, think about the possible impact of it for your solution
Invoke notifySimpolicationDone() of the
IRPCodeGenSimplifiersRegistry class
We are adding more code in the
operation body....
... what happens if roundtrip is
enabled?

26
How to handle Rountrip... Some Hints
To property handle the rountrip, you can adapt your implementation logic to
understand the best strategy:
you might check whether the model manipulation is needed
you might use special comments like makes Rhapsody ignore part of the generated code,
such as “//## auto_generated” or “//#[ ignore” and “//#]”
Add the entry/exit logs only if not
already there...

27
Simplifiers

28
Full Code Generator Replacement with RulesComposer
Rules Composer is an add-on which helps get complete control of the code
generated in Rhapsody
Model-to-Code Generation
C, C++, Java and ADA code generation
Model-to-Model Transformation
UML to Relational, UML 1.3 to UML 2.1
Model-to-Document Generation
Model to Word, Model to Open Document (ODF)
Rules composer additionally has a debugger that helps to set breakpoints and
stepping through rules templates to assist in debugging the rules surrounding
the development project
Custom Generator Plugin

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Model-To-Code Transformations
Code generators are text-based templates:
a text template specifies the information to generate in a given file as well as the
name of the file.
text templates use the Text Generation Language (TGL) as their syntax, with
the Model Query Language (MQL) used to access the dynamic information
from the parameters.
The Text Generation Language (TGL) is a template-based language
used to specify the layout and contents of source code or other text
documents
The Model Query Language (MQL) is an intuitive language for
accessing and creating information in models. Constructs exist to easily
iterate over collections of elements, and to simply retrieve values in the
model without complex expressions or a difficult syntax
Java can be used for code generation too

30
Custom Code Generator Example
Here follows basic Java generator, with a Rulset and a Text Template
MyGeneratorMain.mql
MyGenerator.tgt

31
Exporting a Launch Configuration
Export a Launch Configuration to be used either in a Rhapsody Configuration or
as a Helper in the Rhapsody Tools menu
Three files are generated:
• MyGeneratorMain.myRule.classpath
• MyGeneratorMain.myRule.jar
• MyGeneratorMain.myRule.launch

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Rhapsody Configuration Settings
You can customize a Rhapsody Configuration to use the external code generator,
by setting the following properties:
CPP_CG::Configuration::CodeGeneratorTool
CPP_CG::Configuration::GeneratorRulesSet
CPP_CG::Configuration::GeneratorScenarioName

33
Generating the Code in Rhapsody
At code generation time, Rhapsody invokes the RulesPlayer to run the generator

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Custom Generator with Rules Composer

35
Rhapsody is very flexible and allows you to customize how the code is
generated
There are seral code generation customization strategies, from simple
settings to a complete code generator replacement
You can adopt one or more strategies at the same time to get the right
customizzation for your needs
Summary

36
www.ibm.com/software/rational

37
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2012. All rights reserved. The information contained in these materials is provided for informational purposes only, and is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind,
express or implied. IBM shall not be responsible for any damages arising out of the use of, or otherwise related to, these materials. Nothing contained in these materials is intended to, nor shall have
the effect of, creating any warranties or representations from IBM or its suppliers or licensors, or altering the terms and conditions of the applicable license agreement governing the use of IBM
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availability in any way. IBM, the IBM logo, Rational, the Rational logo, Telelogic, the Telelogic logo, and other IBM products and services are trademarks of the International Business Machines
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www.ibm.com/software/rational

38
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Acknowledgements and disclaimers

39
Some References

IBM Rhapsody Code Generation Customization

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