12. Unit One Part 1: introduction
pic: Aquarium
of the Pacific
13. Unit One Part 1: introduction
these are not random
pictures; the molecule is
a potential painkiller
called epibatidine which
is isolated from poison
dart frogs...
pic: Aquarium
of the Pacific
21. ...and to do this we must understand the
molecules that make up these systems
Me
N
Me Me
N Fe N
HO2C(H2C)2
N
HO2C(H2C)2 Me
haem
22. ...lets stop with
atoms & electrons!
And none of this
maths malarkey.
but we don't need
Image Credit: NIST/University of Colorado
to get carried away...
24. Me Me Me
11
12
Me Me
Rhodopsin H
11-cis-retinal N
(aldehyde not imine) Opsin
photon
Me Me Me Me
isomers and the Me N
H
visual cascade all trans-retinal
starts VISUAL CASCADE
Opsin
26. penicillin G
antibacterial
H H
N S
Me
O N Me
O
CO2H
http://staff.science.uva.nl/~dcslob/lesbrieven/maarten/Bacterien.html
27. penicillin G
Chemistry explains
how penicillin blocks antibacterial
bacterial cell wall
synthesis. H H
N S
Me
O N Me
O
CO2H
http://staff.science.uva.nl/~dcslob/lesbrieven/maarten/Bacterien.html
28. F
OH OH O
H N O Ca2+
N
O Me
Me
2
Liptor
cholesterol treatment
US$ 12.9 billion
52. C6H14
...but not how they
H H H H
are connected
H H
H H
H C C H H C H H H
H C H H H
C C C H C C
H C C H C C H
H HH C H H C C C
H H H H H C H
H H H H H H H
H H
H H H H H H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
molecular
H H H H H H
formula
55. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
H H O Me
H C H H H Me N
N
H
C
C
C
C
H (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)CH3
O N N
H H H C H
H H ...but bulky...and Me
some structures
condensed would be confusing!
formula
56. H H H H H H
C C C H
H C C C
H H H H H H
structural
formula
57. H H H H H H
C C C H
H C C C
H H H H H H
now we’re talking;
atoms, bonding,
shape. It has it all.
But...
structural
formula
58. H H H H H H
C C C H
H C C C
H H H H H H
...can be messy and
time consuming...
H
C
H2C CH
OH
OH H2C
N
H H2C C CH2
H
C C N CH
HC C H C 2
N H
N C
C CH
OMe HC C CH3 structural
formula
C O
H
60. Quick, easy and
tells me
everything...but do
you understand
what it means?
skeletal
(structural) formula
61. other
representations
H
H
C H O O
H H C C CHO
H C C H H
H H H
OH Et H
CHO
Et H
H OH HO
Ph
CH3 H CH3
H CH3
Ph
Fischer Newman Sawhorse
projection projection projection
62. do not use this
representation!
H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
H H H H H H
63. do not use this
representation!
H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
H H H H H H
74. HO
HO
OH
O
O O
NH2 O
Cl
OH O O
HO Cl OH
O O O
H H H
O N N N
N N N
H H H
HN O O O
O
HO NH2
OH
HO OH
C CH
Vancomycin
can be
all and removed
75. HO
HO
OH
O
O O
O assume each corner
NH2 Cl
OH O O is a carbon...
HO Cl OH
O O O
H H H
O N N N
N N N
H H H
HN O O O
O
HO NH2
OH
HO OH
C CH
Vancomycin
can be
all and removed
76. HO
HO
OH
O
O O
NH2 O
Cl
OH O O
HO Cl OH
O O O
H H H
O N N N
N N N
H H H
HN O O O
O
NH2 ...and it will always
HO
have four bonds.
OH
HO OH
C CH
Vancomycin
can be
all and removed
89. example
four
reverse
H H
CO2H C CO2H
HO HO C C CO2H
HO C
+C +H
NH2 NH2
H NH2
Add H to make all C
have four bonds
90. example
four remember C has
reverse four; O has two
bonds and H has
one
H H
CO2H C CO2H
HO HO C C CO2H
HO C
+C +H
NH2 NH2
H NH2
H H O H H O H H O
H
C C C C H C C H
HO C O HO C O HO C O
H NH2 H NH2 H NH2
96. H
CHO H C
CHO
C C H H
C C C
NC CO2H NC C C CO2H
H H H
add C to corners
and H to make four
bonds
example
five
reverse
97. H
CHO H C
CHO
C C H H
C C C
NC CO2H NC C C CO2H
now get three bonds
H H H
to N; two bonds to
O and one to H
H O
H C C
C C H
H H
C C C O
example N
C C C C H
five H H H O
reverse
98. OH O OH O
OHC OHC C C
+C
CO2H C C CO2H
OH OH OH OH
+H
O H OH O H OH O
C C C O OHC C C
H C C C H C C CO2H
HO H H OH O HO H H OH
example
six