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Antiretroviral Drugs
HIV/AIDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Body Fluids: Transmissible ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transmission Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Body Fluids: Non-transmissible Important to know how you DON”T get HIV! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AIDS  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Disease Spectrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Immune System & HIV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Helper T Cells - CD4 Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cytotoxic T-Cells: CD8 Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When to Treat Indicators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AIDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Guidelines-Recommendations Defer; some treat if viral load is >55,000 / mL >350 Asymptomatic Treat; some defer especially if viral loads  < 20,000 / mL 200-349 Asymptomatic Treat < 200 Asymptomatic Treat Any Symptomatic Recommendations CD4 / mcL Category
HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antiretrovirals Non-nucleoside Analogs Nucleoside Analogs SUBCLASS Delavirdine mesylate (DLV) Nevirapine (NVP) Efavirenz (EFV) Didanosine (ddI) Lamivudine (3TC) Stavudine (d4T) Zalcitabine (ddC) Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT) Abacavir (ABC) Tenofivir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) AZT / 3TC AZT / 3TC / ABC GENERIC Rescriptor Viramune Sustiva Videx Epivir Zerit Hivid Retrovir Ziagen Viread Combivir Trizivir Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors TRADE CLASS
Antiretrovirals Crixivan Viracept Norvir Invirase Agenerase Reyatz Lexiva Kaletra Indinavir sulfate (IDV) Nelfinavir mesylate (NFV) Ritonavir (RTV) Saquinavir mesylate (SQV) Amprenavir (APV) Atazanavir Fosamprenavir (f-APV) LPV / RTV Protease Inhibitors Enfuvirtide GENERIC Fuzeon, T-20 Fusion Inhibitor TRADE CLASS
Antiretrovirals: Major Categories  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antiretrovirals: Major Categories  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Baseline Data Prior to Tx ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
For IDV, monitor for nephrolithisis, UA for crystalluria, increased urine pH Urinalysis If Sx of lactic acidosis associated with NNRTIs Serum Lactate Q3-4 mo, monitor for NNRTIs If elevated at baseline, monitor within 1-2 mo Lipid Profile Q 3-6 mo, more closely for pancreatitis Amylase / Lipase Frequency / Indication Lab Test Q 3-6 mo, more freq for abnl values & elevated LFTs LFTs Q 3-6 mo, Glucose monitoring Q 3-4 mo Serum Chemistries B12 deficiency m neuropathy vs. HAART Tx induced neuropathy Vitamin B12 Q 3-6 mo, more freq with low values or bone marrow toxicities CBC with DIFF Dx, before Tx, 2-8 wks after start of Tx HIV Viral Load Dx, 3-6 mo, response to Tx CD4
Tx During Pregnancy ,[object Object],[object Object]
FDA Pregnancy Category Rating ,[object Object],[object Object],C ,[object Object],D ,[object Object],[object Object],B DESCRIPTION CATEGORY
Patient Education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Didanosine (ddI, Videx) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Didanosine (ddI, Videx) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Didanosine (ddI, Videx) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stavudine (D4T, Zerit) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stavudine (D4T, Zerit) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stavudine (D4T, Zerit) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Delavirdine Mesylate (DLV, Rescriptor) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Delavirdine Mesylate (DLV, Rescriptor) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Delavirdine Mesylate (DLV, Rescriptor) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nevirapine (NVP, Viramune) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nevirapine (NVP, Viramune) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nevirapine (NVP, Viramune) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indinavir Sulfate (Crixivan) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indinavir Sulfate (Crixivan) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indinavir Sulfate (Crixivan) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nelfinavir Mesylate (Viracept) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nelfinavir Mesylate (Viracept) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nelfinavir Mesylate (Viracept) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ritonavir (Norvir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ritonavir (Norvir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ritonavir (Norvir) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Saquinavir Mesylate (Invirase) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Saquinavir Mesylate (Invirase) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Saquinavir Mesylate (Invirase) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon, T-20) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Retrovirus: DNA Transcription
Retrovirus: Viral RNA Transcription
Retrovirus Production
Viral Replication
Steps of Viral Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HIV Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Antiretroviral Drugs

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  • 13. New Guidelines-Recommendations Defer; some treat if viral load is >55,000 / mL >350 Asymptomatic Treat; some defer especially if viral loads < 20,000 / mL 200-349 Asymptomatic Treat < 200 Asymptomatic Treat Any Symptomatic Recommendations CD4 / mcL Category
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Antiretrovirals Non-nucleoside Analogs Nucleoside Analogs SUBCLASS Delavirdine mesylate (DLV) Nevirapine (NVP) Efavirenz (EFV) Didanosine (ddI) Lamivudine (3TC) Stavudine (d4T) Zalcitabine (ddC) Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT) Abacavir (ABC) Tenofivir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) AZT / 3TC AZT / 3TC / ABC GENERIC Rescriptor Viramune Sustiva Videx Epivir Zerit Hivid Retrovir Ziagen Viread Combivir Trizivir Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors TRADE CLASS
  • 17. Antiretrovirals Crixivan Viracept Norvir Invirase Agenerase Reyatz Lexiva Kaletra Indinavir sulfate (IDV) Nelfinavir mesylate (NFV) Ritonavir (RTV) Saquinavir mesylate (SQV) Amprenavir (APV) Atazanavir Fosamprenavir (f-APV) LPV / RTV Protease Inhibitors Enfuvirtide GENERIC Fuzeon, T-20 Fusion Inhibitor TRADE CLASS
  • 18.
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  • 21. For IDV, monitor for nephrolithisis, UA for crystalluria, increased urine pH Urinalysis If Sx of lactic acidosis associated with NNRTIs Serum Lactate Q3-4 mo, monitor for NNRTIs If elevated at baseline, monitor within 1-2 mo Lipid Profile Q 3-6 mo, more closely for pancreatitis Amylase / Lipase Frequency / Indication Lab Test Q 3-6 mo, more freq for abnl values & elevated LFTs LFTs Q 3-6 mo, Glucose monitoring Q 3-4 mo Serum Chemistries B12 deficiency m neuropathy vs. HAART Tx induced neuropathy Vitamin B12 Q 3-6 mo, more freq with low values or bone marrow toxicities CBC with DIFF Dx, before Tx, 2-8 wks after start of Tx HIV Viral Load Dx, 3-6 mo, response to Tx CD4
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  • 62. Retrovirus: Viral RNA Transcription
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  • 66.