Poultry production

1. Dr Ghulam Abbas
Assistant Professor

2. Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for
their eggs, meat or feathers. These birds are most
typically members of the super-order Galloanserae
(fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which
includes chickens, quails and turkeys).
Poultry science is the study of practices and principles
involved in production and marketing of poultry and its
products. It include breeding, nutrition, management,
housing, disease control and marketing.

3. Commercial chicken
 BROILERS: Broilers are those fast growing poultry birds of
young age which are kept and used only for meat purpose
and produce tender meat with soft pliable and flexible
breast bone cartilage. They attain live body weight of 1.5 kg
or more by consuming 2.75-3.00 kg of feed in 37-42days.
 LAYERS: Which lay table quality egg (for food of human
consumption). Laying starts from 17 weeks and may lay 150
to 300 eggs per year.
 BREEDERS: Birds of both sexes which are kept for
breeding purpose to obtain fertilized eggs for hatching to
get chicks i.e. broilers or layers.

4. Pakistan has an agriculture based economy with
livestock and poultry as an integral part of it. Nearly
every family in the rural areas and every 5th family in
the urban areas is associated with poultry in one way
or the other .
The current and future scenario point out probable
shortages of live stock in the country influenced by the
recent reduction in agriculture land which is abruptly
converting in to residential area due to unwise
resource utilization and negligence of rules and
regulations in this regard. However poultry production
can help to fulfill the protein demand in resource
scarcity situation.

5. Poultry versus L/S
 Birds have the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency.
 Incubation period of chicken is shorter (21 days) while large animals
have long gestation period.
 Embryo development takes place outside rather than inside the body of
dam through placenta.
 There is a continuous return of income while in case of Agriculture;
land, seasons, labor, seeds etc. required in fairly high amount and
income return is based on yearly basis while, poultry farming makes
the least demand of land than crop production and give maximum
yield per unit area.
 Dressing percentage is more (60%) in poultry as compared to large
animals (50-55%).
 Several crop by-products and agricultural wastes are used in poultry
feeding.
 Poultry farming is within the reach of small farmers and offer good
opportunity for investors with limited financial resources

6. Importance of poultry business
 Poultry eggs and meat are considered to be one of the best healthy
sources of animal protein of high biological value.
 It provides source of income and opportunities of employment at
poultry farms, hatcheries, poultry processing units, equipments
manufactures, meat and egg marketing channels etc.
 In rural areas, since less investment is required to start the enterprises,
it has attained a status of “Cottage Industry”.
 Quick returns can be expected from the investment.
 Poultry manure is extremely rich source of nitrogen and organic
matter. It contains 1.0-1.8% nitrogen. 1.4-1.8% P2O2 and 0.8-0.9% K2O,
hence is very good fertilizers.
 In animal and medical research, birds are used as experimental unit.
 Part time as well as full time occupation
 Managed by Ladies and Children

7. Poultry Production in Pakistan
 Poultry Production on commercial scale was established in
Pakistan in early 1960 and since then this sector has shown
spectacular progress and development.
 At present, poultry production is one of the most dynamic and
well organized sectors in Pakistan which has emerged as a source
of employment for more than 1.7 million people.
 Poultry industry is playing a significant role in poverty
alleviation in the country. It contributes 1.7% of GDP of Pakistan.
 The growth rate in this sector has been about 12.5% per annum
for about last one decade.
 Poultry production has assumed the status of one of the leading
sectors in the country.
 The province of Punjab has been showing a tremendous
contribution in the poultry production sector which can be
appreciated from the fact that the major share in poultry
production at national level has been from this province which
comes to about 70 percent.

8. Poultry production is presently in the active phase of
transformation from its conventional housing and management
in to modern high-tech housing.
There exists a strong correlation (89.0%) between the human
population and poultry growth in Pakistan.
 Poultry industry is playing a pivotal role in bridging the gap
between the supply and demand for protein.

9. Poultry production is presently in the active phase of
transformation from its conventional housing and management
in to modern high-tech housing.
There exists a strong correlation (89.0%) between the human
population and poultry growth in Pakistan.
 Poultry industry is playing a pivotal role in bridging the gap
between the supply and demand for protein.

10. Poultry species
1. Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)

11. Domestic fowl were domesticated from red jungle
fowl over 8000 years ago, and the basis of modern
breeds existed by Roman times.
Modern commercial hybrid chickens have been
selected for maximum egg or meat output from
minimum food intake.
New genetic techniques will increase the tendency to
produce lines with very specific characteristics.

12. Ostriches (Struthio camelus)
Recently declared as poultry birds

13. Ostriches (Struthio camelus) are large flightless (ratite)
birds present on the planet as a species for over 40 million
years (Abbas et al., 2017).
Ostriches are member of Struthioniformes (order of
ratites). The extinct members of the order were Aepyornis
(Elephant bird).

14. The zoological classification of the ostriches is as under.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Struthioniformes (Emus, kiwis, and other
ratites)
Family: Struthionidae
Genus: Struthio
Species: S. camelus

15. Ostrich farming for delicious meat, feathers and the hide is
a new addition among agricultural businesses in Pakistan.
Markets for ostrich eggs, meat, leather, feathers and
related products are developing rapidly throughout the
globe. However at the present, ostrich producers are
merely meeting 10 percent of the consumer demand.
This is best/exact time for Pakistan to exploit the resource
for ostrich farming to make our big share in the local and
global market (Abbas et al., 2017).

16. Turkeys
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is a large fowl domesticated in the
America over 2000 years ago.
Most commercial birds are now white feathered, and very heavy.
Due to their heavy weight turkeys have fertility problems with natural
mating therefore, AI artificial insemination is commercially routine.

17. Quails (Coturnix coturnix)
Japanese quail were first domesticated about 1000 years ago, but
systematic selection for egg and meat production began about 100
years ago. Bobwhite quail are more common in the America,
where they are still used as game birds as well as for meat and
sometimes eggs.

18. Pheasants are birds of several genera within the subfamily Phasianinae, of
the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes. The family's native range is restricted to
Central Asia.
Pheasants are still mostly game birds, but some are now bred for meat.

19. Guinea Fowls: sometimes also called "pet speckled hen", or "original fowl"
or guineahen) are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They
are endemic to the continentof Africa and rank among the oldest of the
gallinaceous
Guinea fowl are grown mainly for meat.

20. Ducks
 Domestic ducks derived from the mallard. Most
breeds are kept for meat but some are prolific egg
layers. Muscovy ducks are from Central and South
America, and have less fat than domestic ducks.
Domestic geese are primarily descended from the grey
lag in Asia, and their husbandry was well developed in
Roman times.

21. Pigeons
Domestic pigeons, derived from
the rock dove, are now a minority
interest in most countries.

22.  Broiler Parent Stock Placement 12 Million
 Broiler Day Old Chicks 1.2 Billion
 Broiler (Table Birds) Produced 1.05 Billion
 Average Annual Growth 12.5%
 Live Weight 1.84 Billion Kg
 Broiler Meat including Giblets 1.34 Billion Kg
 Per Capita Poultry Meat Availability 7.4 Kg
 Layer Parent Stock 0.75 Million
 Table Egg Layers 40 Million
 Total Table Egg Production 11.2 Billion
 Poultry farm over 26000
 Feed mills 154
 Feed 7 Million MT
 Hatcheries 400
 Dependent peoples 1.7 millions
 Contribution to GDP 1.7%
 Processing/Value Addition 1% only
 Turn over 750 billion RS

24. Prior to 1963 the native breed
"Desi" was mainly raised which
produced a maximum of 73 eggs
per year under local conditions. An
improved breed "Lyallpur Silver
Black" was evolved in 1965-66 in
the department of Poultry
Husbandry, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad.

25. The layers of this breed are capable of
producing 150 egg/year and gaining 1.4
kg weight in 12 weeks of age under
favorable management and feeding
conditions.
Poultry in Pakistan was kept as backyard
business for household needs.
In early sixties the need of commercial
poultry was felt which resulted in 1963, in
the form of a national campaign to
enhance the production of feed products
in the country.

26. Under this campaign the government
announce a tax exemption policy on the
income derived from poultry farming.
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in
collaboration with Shaver Poultry Breeding
Farms of Canada started first commercial
hatchery in Karachi.
Simultaneously, a commercial poultry feed
mill was started by Lever Brothers (Pvt),
Pakistan Ltd., at Rahim Yar Khan, which
was followed by other pioneers like Arbor
Acres Ltd.

27. Special emphasis was laid by the
Government on development of
poultry industry in the country
during 1965-75.
The Government made major policy
decisions to provide all possible
facilities to poultry industry in the
annual development plans.
The incentives provided to poultry
farmers/poultry industry included.

28. 1. Tax exemption on income derived
from poultry farming.
2. Import of flock and incubators was
permitted under free list.
3. Allotment of state land on lease for
poultry farming at very nominal rates.

29. 4. Established poultry research
institutes at Karachi and Rawalpindi
through Food and Agricultural
Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations to facilitate research
services specifically concerning
disease control programs.

30. 5. Two meatless days were announced to
encourage poultry meat consumption.
6. Subsidy on grains to form low cost
quality ration, through UNDP-grains.
7. Loan through ADBP for the
construction, of poultry sheds.

31. 8. Established directorates of Poultry
Production in Karachi and Punjab to
provide extension services to the
poultry farmers.
9. Establishment of Federal Poultry
Board to coordinate government and
industry activities in the poultry
business.
10. Pakistan Poultry Association (PPA)

32. THANKS