1. Page 18
THE OPERATION OF
THE PROCESS

2.  What does this criterion mean:
This criteria is all about how Tourism Development occurs as a
series of steps and an interaction of the elements
 TD can be seen as a system. Draw a diagram to show this:
THE OPERATION OF THE PROCESS
INPUTS
(elements)
• Tourists
• Attractions
• Facilities
• Regulators
OUTPUTS
• Spatial
patterns of
TD
• Effects on
people &
place
PROCESSES
(interactions
between
elements)
FEEDBACK
• Reinvestment
• attitudes

3. A process is a related sequence of events. Draw how a
tourist centre develops filling the following information
into the series of boxes on page 18.
1. An initial attraction is discovered
2. Tourists begin to come to the area
3. Facilities are developed
4. More tourists arrive
5. More facilities and Attractions
6. Location is saturated with F,A,T
THE PROCESS

4.  As the process is established it then fulfils a simple Demand
Supply model such as:
FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND & SUPPLY
SUPPLY - DEMAND
DEMAND
• Affordability
• Popularity
• Information
available
• Accessibility
(perception)
• Work
demands
SUPPLY
• # & type of
attractions
• # & type of
facilities
• Actual
accessibility
• Nature of
environment
• Regulators

5.  What happens if demand exceeds supply?
Not enough to go around … so the price rises. In terms of
accommodation this will mean the room occupancy will be high
 What happens if supply exceeds demand?
Too much offered … so the price falls. In terms of
accommodation this will mean the room occupancy will be low
 What is therefore the best relationship between the 2?
Supply should meet the demand
SUPPLY AND DEMAND

6. Page 19TEMPORAL VARIATIONS

7.  Tourism development is often best seen as a series of events
over time. The way it operates is shown below.
CATALYTIC DEVELOPMENT
START HERE!
Initial attraction
More visitors
(word spreads)
Few visitors (tell
others)
More facilities to
cater for increase
in numbers
More tourists due
to better facilities
New attractions
set up
More visitors
Mass attractions
and facilities set
up
Overcrowding, reaches
saturation. Starts to lose
appeal. Numbers
decrease
CATALYTIC
DEVELOPMENT

8.  Growth of any tourist centre does not occur gradually but as a
series of distinct steps. If you were to graph visitor numbers
you would see the following pattern.
BUTLER MODEL
Stage 1: Pre-
`development
Stage 2: Pioneer
Stage 3: Mature
Stage 4: Saturation

9. STAGE 1.
• No Development ( up to 1860s )
STAGE 2
• .Pioneer Phase ( 1870 to 1920s )
STAGE 3 - Maturity
• Early Maturity ( 1930 to 1940s )
• Mass Tourism ( 1950 to 1960s )
• Specialisation – Niche Marketing( 1970s to present)
HISTORY OF TOURISM IN ROTORUA PG 20

10. UP TO 1860’S.
• Only inhabitants were the Te Arawa tribe.
• .First European settlement was in 1835 when Christian
missionaries arrived
• .Public recognition of Pink and white terraces in 1839 and
thus tourism was born in the region.
• 3- 4 day trek from Auckland made the journey less desirable
PHASE ONE: EARLY (PRE) DEVELOPMENT

11. THE PINK TERRACE

12. THE WHITE TERRACE

13. 1870’S TO 1920’S
• Regular visitors from the UK began in 1870.
• Bathing in the basins of the Pink and White Terraces.
• Terraces recognised as 8th wonder of the world in 1870 *
• Facilities set up eg Rotomahana hotel and road to Tauranga
• Rotorua township established in 1881 with hotels e.g.
Chevron.
 .By the 1880s the tourist numbers reached 1000
• Tarawera eruption in 1886 destroyed the P & W terraces
THE PIONEER PHASE

14. • Whakarewarewa was established and local guides took
visitors around the local area.
• Railway connection built in 1894 improves access
• Government invested in region. Bath house built in Tudor style
as flagship early 1900’s
• Rainbow trout introduced to Lake Rotorua
PIONEER PHASE CONTINUED

15. THE TARAWERA ERUPTION

16. 1930’s to 1940’s
• Large increase in numbers due to the arrival of cruise ships
• Development of cars and busses led to attractions moving
away from the centre eg Paradise Valley in 1939.
• War brings phase to abrupt end
THE EARLY MATURE PHASE

17. GEOTHERMAL AREAS

18. 1950’s to 1970’s
• The Age of the Package deal as the Boeing 707 was
introduced
• NZ tourist and publicity board was established to promote NZ
overseas.
• By 1962 there were 70,000 visitors to NZ.
• The Grand Hotel was opened in 1958
• The New Airport opened in 1964
• Accommodation trebled in 1960’s.
• Many tourist attractions upgraded to cope with increase in
tourists
• Maori Arts and crafts Institute opened in 1963 to promote
Maori culture
MASS TOURISM PHASE

19. MASS TOURISM PHASE

20. 1970’s to Present
• By the 1970s Rotorua’s focus turned to tourism as this was
seen to be the main income earner
• There was a big marketing initiative especially towards the
package tour industry from Asia.
• Many govt owned operations were sold eg bath house
• The Agrodome was set up in 1970
• The late 70s saw the growth in the tour group as larger
aircraft were used.
• Number of Hotels and motels grew along Fenton St
SPECIALISATION AND NICHE MARKETING

21. THE BLUE BATHS

22. • This was the age of specialisation to niche markets
• NZ became a ‘New’ destination and thus became desirable
• Increase in Asian market = more interpreters
• Increase in FITS = more backpackers and rental cars. Allows
move into periphery.
• Many attractions began to diversify such as the Agrodome to
cater for the domestic, adventure tourist e.g. Bungy, Zorb and
Swoop.
• Convention centre opened in 1995 to address the new
business focus. This was followed by the Unison events centre
in 2007
• In 2010, Rotorua became an International Airport with direct
flights to Australia which also helped it grow.
NICHE MARKETING

23. THE AGROJET

24. • Continued focus of Government and Tourism Rotorua
• Attitude of locals toward tourists.
• Increased or improved accessibility to the region
• Low cost flights to NZ
• Cleanliness of the surrounding area
• Continued innovation to avoid stagnation
• Provision of a strategic plan setting out the zones designated
for tourist use
CONTINUED GROWTH DEPENDS ON…

25. TAMAKI MAORI VILLAGES

26. SKYLINE SKYRIDES

27. WHAT KICK STARTED EACH
PHASE OF TOURISM?
 Phase 1 ended when P and W terraces declared 8th wonder of
world. Phase 2 began with an increase in overseas visitors
 Phase 2 ended with WW2 and Phase 3 began with an increase
in transportation.

28. A MODEL TO SHOW THESE CHANGES PG
21
ORIGIN
GATEWAY
DESTINATION
Core
Periphery

29. SINGLE ATTRACTION PHASE
UK
AUCKLAND
ROTORUA REGION
Pink and
White
Terraces
Rotomahana
hotel
2 month boat
trip
3 day
horse trek

30. PIONEER PHASE
UK
AUCKLAND
ROTORUA
Whakarewarewa
Chevron Hotel
Railway 8
hoursBoat trip
Australia
Bath house

31. EARLY MATURE PHASE
UK
AUCKLAND
ROTORUA
Whakarewarewa
Royal
Geyserland
Hotel
Boat
Australia
Museum
USA
Paradise
Valley
Buried
Village
Bus 4
hours

32. SPECIALISATION PHASE
UK
AUCKLAND
ROTORUA
Te Puia Rydges
Plane/ car
Australia
MuseumUSA
Paradise
Valley
Buried
Village
Plane
Japan
South Korea
Backpackers
Motel
Hotel
Attraction for domestic visitor
Attraction for international
visitor
Agrodome