This document discusses two models for effective geoinformation technology in disaster management: 1. A powerful national agency model with needed infrastructure like satellite imagery reception, GIS maps of vulnerable areas, analysis capabilities, and manuals for disaster response. This model allows for prediction, preparedness and assessment but requires significant national resources. 2. An international model of cooperation with the UN and space agencies focused on rapid earth observation after events to support damage assessment and relief efforts. This model is restricted to observation aspects. Both models can be effective, with the national agency model providing more comprehensive disaster management and the international model providing rapid observation support. National political and financial backing is needed for the most effective national infrastructure.

1. Geoinformation Technology
and Disaster Management
Paper to the Interexpo Geo-Siberia-2012
by
Gottfried Konecny
Emeritus Professor
Leibniz University
Hannover, Germany

2. Geoinformation Technology
and Disaster Management
1. Introduction – the Role of ISPRS and EARSeL
2. Possible Actors in Disaster Management
National Actors (EMERCOM)
International Actors (UNOOSA & Space Agencies)
3. Conclusion

3. ISPRS and EARSeL Experiences
- The Oder (Odra) Flood with impacts for Poland,
Czech Republic and Germany (EU application)
- Council of Europe Support to EMERCOM,
Ministry of the Russian Federation (Review)
- UN-OOSA Charter for Disasters and cooperation
with the Space Agencies

4. Successful Model 1:
a powerful national agency
with the needed infrastructure

5. Required Disaster Mitigation Infrastructure
of EMERCOM
1. Central Emergency Decision Centre
2. Real Time Satellite Imagery Reception (NOAA, etc.)
3. Seismic Networks
4. GIS Information of all endangered regions based on:
- digital topographic maps
- population data as a GIS layer
- evacuation routes
- layer on building material type used
5. Fire, Contamination or Accident reporting system
6. Computer enhanced Analysis capabilities
7. Studies on frequency of disasters
8. Preparation of Manuals for Disaster Actions

6. Natural Disasters in Russia

7. Technical
Disasters
In Russia
1996 &
1997

8. Human Induced Hazards:
Nuclear Power Plants
Chemical Hazards
Industrial Fires
Pipelines
Transport
Hydraulic Stuctures (dams)
Municipal engineering construction
Municipal engineering energy and water supply
Combined effects (water, oil or gas extraction causing
subsidence, earth quake damages)

9. Seismic Danger Zones in Russia

10. Decision Support Room at EMERCOM, Moscow

11. Lessons Learnt from past disasters:
Examples: Indian OceanTsunami 2004
New Orleans Flood 2005
Wenchuan Earthquake 2008
Sendai Tsunami and Fukushima 2011
Attempts for bilateral technical cooperation:
India refused foreign cooperation, it claimed to
have national facilities, while Sri Lanka, Thailand
and Indonesia did not have them
German (GFZ) installation of
Tsunami Early Warning system for Indonesia
difficulties: complexity of system operations,
local acceptance?

12. Wenchuan Earthquake, China, 2008

15. Satellite Images before and after Tsunami in Japan 2011

16. SO2 Distribution after Volcanic Eruption in Iceland May 2010

17. Tsunami Early Warning System
Seismometer Tidal Stations Pressure Gauges GPS Buoys Earth
and GPS Observation
Data
continuous continuous after significant seismic event post event
Use in Decision Support System for - prediction
- determination of risk areas
- evacuation plans
- use of earth observation data for
emergeny mapping

18. Successful Model 2:
Cooperation with the United Nations
(International Charter for Disasters)
and the Space Agencies

20. Bridging the Gap From Data to
Information
calibrate,
georeference,
retrieve, map,
validate,
assimilate,
model,
analyze,
assess,
archive,
access,
Utilize

21. Over 40 Analysis Products and Maps in
Two Weeks

26. Elbe Flood, Torgau, Germany

27. Pre and Post Disaster Image Banda Aceh, Indonesia

28. Earthquake Damage Assessment Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

29. Monitoring of Refugee Camps, Camp Mille, Chad

30. Conclusion:
the two operational models discussed are effective
Model 1: a national model has the advantages:
the entire chain of disaster aspects, from
prediction, preparedness, obervation,
relief strategies to damage assessment.
It needs a national infrastructure backed
by politics, finances and a strong relief
force
Model 2: an international model restricted to
observation, managed by the UN and
by specialized global agencies (e.g. for
rapid observation from space in cooperation)