1. DAVAO DOCTORS COLLEGE
General Malvar Street, Davao City
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
COURSE NUMBER:
II. COURSE TITLE: COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE VERTEBRATE
II. COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course deals with the study of the different groups of vertebrates with similar system but with diversity of structure
and functions. The different systems of these vertebrates are discussed and compared. Techniques of embalming and dissections
are taught in the laboratory.
III. MISSION STATEMENT:
Vision:
DDC is a premier non-sectarian academic institution that provides quality health and wellness education in Mindanao and
the East ASEAN Growth Area.
Mission:
DDC is committed to produce highly competent graduates imbued with the core values of: Excellence, Service, Integrity,
Empowerment and Commitment. We shall provide a nurturing environment that supports quality instruction, research and
community service through effective leadership, governance and professionalism.
IV. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the student must be able to:
A. Cognitive Objectives:
Develop awareness and understanding of Zoological concepts, principles and generalizations that will enable each of
them to do the ff:
1. Define, on his own words, common terms in Zoology and evolution.

2. 2. Gain knowledge of the phylogenic evolution of the representative forms of the animal kingdom.
3. Explain the resemblance of each organisms from different levels.
B. Process Objectives:
Develop deeper understanding and a functional competency with the procedure of scientific inquiry and
principles for the students to be able to do the following:
1. Offer solutions to the present biological problems particularly on population, drug addiction, nutrition
and conservation of the Philippine fauna.
2. Recognize and understand problems in everyday life and find solutions to these problems through
principles of Zoology.
3. Compare the difference and resemblance of each class.
4. Appreciate the evolution of different organ system and trace its development from one class to another.
C. Skill Objectives:
Develop the analytical skills that will enable the students to do the following:
1. Use common laboratory apparatus in scientific investigation.
2. Apply the scientific method in solving problems of everyday life.
3. Acquire basic laboratory skills such as the use of microscope, dissecting an animal, etc.
4. Accurately report the results of scientific investigation orally and in writing.
5. Answer questions through actual and through experimentation.
D. Affective Objectives :
Develop a view of science as a whole, specially a better attitude towards Zoology, which will help the students to do
the following:
1. Demonstrate understanding of the basic principles in comparative Zoology.
2. Appreciate the relevance of the Zoology concepts to everyday life by recognizing the events in which
the principles are clearly manifested.
3. Demonstrate relationships among the quality of human life, other living things, and the environment
through gaining positive attitudes in learning zoological concepts.
V. TOPICS:

3. CONTENTS
TEACHING & LEARNING VALUES
OBJECTIVES LABORATO TA REFERENCES EVALUATION
LECTURE ACT INFUSED
RY
At the end of the chapter the
students are able to do the I. Introduction Lab Activity 1 lecture/discussion 1st & 3rd Respect and love * Comparative * long quiz
following: - Comparative research work wk. to animals and Anatomy by Kent * oral quiz/ graded
1. Define comparative Vertebrate Homology, role playing mankind * Comparative recitation
anatomy of the vertebrates Morphology Analogy and film viewing Anatomy by Hyman * assignments
and its significance. Homoplasy multi-media presentation Appreciation * General Zoology by * Exam
2. Understand the concepts of
- Historical Storer * Class participation
homology, analogy, Predecessors- Cooperation * Comparative * Laboratory Reports
convergence, divergence, Evolution and Anatomy by: Ching * Practical quizzes
adaptation and speciation, Morphology Lab Activity 2 Honesty * Vertebrates by
phylogeny and ontogeny. - Morphological Adaptation Kardong
3. Trace the development of Concepts
the comparative anatomy - Evolutionary
through time. Morphology
4. Discuss the theories of - Phylogeny
evolution of Darwin, Lamarck, - Paleontology
Wallace, Owen and Cuvier.
5. Discuss the patterns of
phylogeny.
6. Differentiate the grades and
clades.
7. Discuss the significance of
animal fossils in comparative
anatomy.
At the end of the chapter the II. The Origin of the To appreciate the * Comparative * long quiz
students are able to do the Chordates Practical lecture-discussion * 4rd creation of God Anatomy by Kent * practical quiz in the
following: - Chordate Quiz film viewing week * Comparative laboratory
1. Trace the chordate Phylogeny multi-media presentation Anatomy by Hyman * laboratory reports
phylogeny tree. - Chordate power point presentation * Biology by Claude * research work
2. Determine the general Characteristics project making on the Ville * article analysis
characteristics of the chordate - Protochordates development of the * Comparative * quizzes
groups. - Chordates Origin chordate egg Anatomy by: Ching * oral participation
3. Differentiate the types of * Vertebrates by * project
protochordates. Kardong
4. Discuss the origin of the
chordates.
PRELIM
EXAMINATION

4. At the end of the chapter the
students are able to do the III. The Vertebrate Story Lab Activity 3 Lecture discussion 5th Respect, love and * Comparative * Written quiz
following: - Origin of the Animal Cell multi-media presentation week appreciate the Anatomy by Kent * Oral recitation
Vertebrates role playing wonders of God’s * Comparative * assignments
1. To be able to identify the - Agnathans creation Anatomy by Hyman * activity participation
parts and functions of the cell - Gnathostomes cooperation * Comparative * projects
2. To understand the functions - Teleostomes Anatomy by: Ching *laboratory reports
of each organelle and inclusion * Vertebrates by * reaction paper
bodies. Kardong
3. To identify the function of
the cell membrane.
* Written quiz
1. To be able to identify the - IV. Biological Lab Activity 4 Project making 6th week Respect, love and *Biological Sciences *drawings and lab
similarities and differences of Design Animal Lecture-discussion appreciate the by Keeton reports
the 5 animal tissues Tissue Reporting wonders of God’s * Comparative * quizzes
2. To know the functions of Group Activity creation Anatomy by: Ching * oral participation
each in our body. Cooperation * Vertebrates by * Exam
3. To differentiate the different MIDTERM Self confidence Kardong
types of tissues. EXAMINATION Patience
4. To discuss the function of
each tissue group.
1. To identify the function of V. Integument Lab Activity 5 Lecture- discussion 7th week Respect, love and *Anatomy and * Written quiz
our integument and and Skeletal written report using the appreciate the Physiology by Miller * long quiz
skeletal system. System Cat’s internet wonders of God’s Comparative Anatomy * assignments
2. To compare the - Epidermal and Integument power point presentation creation by Kent * drawings and
integument and skeleton dermal derivatives and Skeletal Patience * Comparative laboratory reports
of the different classes of - Axial and System Perseverance Anatomy by Hyman * lab reports
vertebrates. Cooperation * Biology by Claude
appendicular
3. Discuss the significance Ville
skeleton
of an integument to a * Comparative
certain animal Anatomy by: Ching
* Vertebrates by
Kardong
*Anatomy and * Written quiz
1. To know the different VI. Muscular Lab Activity 5 lecture-discussion 8th week Respect, love and Physiology by Miller * practical quiz
types of muscles and System film viewing appreciate the Comparative Anatomy * assignment
their functions. - Types and actions role playing wonders of God’s by Kent * oral participation
2. To compare the muscles of muscles Practical oral recitation creation * Comparative * laboratory reports
of the different classes of - Muscle contraction Quiz reporting Self confidence Anatomy by Hyman * activity participation
vertebrates. Patience * Biology by Claude
- Sources of energy
3. To determine the origin of Independence Ville
in muscle
the muscle tissue Cooperation * Comparative
contraction
Anatomy by: Ching
- Differences in
* Vertebrates by

5. vertebrate Kardong
musculature
1. To be able to identify the VII. Digestive Lab Activity 6 lecture-discussion 9th week Respect and love * Comparative *Written quiz
organs involved in System film viewing to the wonders of Anatomy by Kent * Oral recitation
digestion and functions of - Organs involved in Muscular research work using the God’s creation * Comparative * assignments
each. digestion System internet Appreciation Anatomy by: Ching * activity participation
2. To compare the different - Physiology/function reporting Cooperation * Vertebrates by * projects
organs in digestion. s of the organs field trip Self-confidence Kardong *laboratory reports
3. Compare the digestive involved in Patience * reaction paper
process among digestion * projects
vertebrates. - Comparison of
4. Determine the different organs in digestion
way in food procurement. in different
vertebrates
1. To be able to trace the VIII. Circulatory Lab Activity 7 lecture-discussion 10th Respect and love * Human Anatomy and * Written quiz
circulatory pathways. System film viewing week to the wonders of Physiology by Miller * Oral recitation
2. To identify the parts of the - Types Circulatory research work using the God’s creation Comparative Anatomy * assignments
heart and other - Circulatory System internet by Kent * activity participation
circulatory organs. pathways reporting * Comparative * projects
3. Compare the circulatory - The heart Anatomy by Hyman *laboratory reports
system of the vertebrates. - Circulatory * Biology by Claude * reaction paper
4. Compare the open circuit disorders Ville
and closed circuit. * Comparative
Anatomy by: Ching
* Vertebrates by
Kardong
PREFINAL
EXAMINATION
1. To identify the parts of IX. Respiratory Lab Activity 7 Lecture-discussion 11th Respect and love * Human Anatomy and * Written quiz
respiratory organs and its System film viewing week to the wonders of Physiology by Miller * Oral recitation
functions. - Types and research work using the God’s creation Comparative Anatomy * assignments
2. To compare the - Organs Involved internet Cooperation by Kent * activity participation
respiration among - Mechanism of Lab Activity 8 Appreciation * Comparative * projects
vertebrates. Breathing Anatomy by Hyman *laboratory reports
3. Explain the mechanism of - Respiratory organ Respiratory * Biology by Claude * reaction paper
breathing. among vertebrates System Ville
4. Differentiate the * Comparative
respiratory system of the Anatomy by: Ching
warm blooded animals * Vertebrates by
between the cold blooded Kardong
animal.
1. To know the functions X. Excretory Lab Activity lecture-discussion 12th Respect and love * Human Anatomy and * Written quiz

6. and parts of our kidney. System 9 film viewing week to the wonders of Physiology by Miller * Oral recitation
2. To understand blood - Types research work God’s creation Comparative Anatomy * assignments
filtration and urine - Organs involved Excretory using the internet Patience by Kent * activity participation
formation. - Blood, filtration & System reporting Appreciation * Comparative * projects
3. Identify the anatomy of urine form. field trip Cooperation Anatomy by Hyman *laboratory reports
the nephron. - Organs of urination Curiosity * Biology by Claude * reaction paper
4. To compare the process among vertebrates Perseverance Ville * long quiz
of excretion among Social Awareness * Comparative * practical quiz
vertebrates. Anatomy by: Ching * group participation
* Vertebrates by
Kardong
1. To understand the XI. Reproductive Lab Activity lecture-discussion 13th Respect of the * Human Anatomy and * Written quiz
structures and functions System 10 group work week human body and Physiology by Miller * Oral recitation
of male and female - Types, Organs film viewing other creations Comparative Anatomy * assignments
reproductive organs. Involved Reproductive oral recitation Environmental by Kent * activity participation
2. To compare the - Structure and System reporting awareness * Comparative * projects
reproductive systems of Functions field trip Cooperation Anatomy by Hyman *laboratory reports
the different classes of - Fertilization and Observant * Biology by Claude * reaction paper
vertebrates. Development Curious Ville
3. Identify the different ways - * Comparative
of reproductive method. Anatomy by: Ching
4. Compare the process of * Vertebrates by
development among Kardong
vertebrates.
Respect of the * Human Anatomy and * Written quiz
1. To understand the XII. Nervous Lab Activity film viewing 14th human body and Physiology by Miller * Oral recitation
functions of our CNS and PNS. System and 11 Internet research work week other creation. Comparative Anatomy * assignments
2. Identify the different Sense Organs Class discussion and Environmental by Kent * activity participation
sense organs and its function. - Neurons Nervous Field trip 15th awareness * Comparative * projects
3. Compare the nervous - Divisions of the System Cooperation Anatomy by Hyman *laboratory reports
system among vertebrates. vertebrate nervous Observant * Biology by Claude * reaction paper
system Curious Ville
- Functions * Comparative
Anatomy by: Ching
* Vertebrates by
Kardong
Respect of the * Human Anatomy and * Written quiz
1. To identify the different XIII. Endocrine Practical film viewing 16th human body and Physiology by Miller * Oral recitation
endocrine glands and System Exam Internet research work week other creation. Comparative Anatomy * assignments
hormones - Endocrine glands Environmental by Kent * activity participation
2. To know the disorders - Endocrine awareness * Comparative * projects
related to endocrine hormones Cooperation Anatomy by Hyman *laboratory reports
system. - Disorders related to Observant * Biology by Claude * reaction paper
hormonal Curious Ville
imbalance * Comparative
17th Anatomy by: Ching

7. week * Vertebrates by
Kardong
FINAL EXAMINATION
VIII. Textbook & References:
Textbook: Kardong, K. Vetebrates (Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution), 4th edition, 2006
• Miller , copyright 2003, Zoology 5th edition
• Ching, Copendium of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates, 1st ed.,2004.
References:
• Hickman and Kats, copyright 2001, Laboratory studies in Integrated Principle of Zoology, 10th edition, Science
Publishing
• Lytle, copyright 2001, General Zoology Laboratory Guide, 13th edition, PWS Publishing
• Hickman, Robert, Larson, copyright 2000, Animal Diversity ,Basic Blackwell Company
• Hopson, Janet & Postlethwait, John. Explore Life. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. USA. 2003.
• Realuyo, Z, Cariño, V. Basic Concepts of Biological Science. Katha Publishing, Inc. Phil. 2003.
• Carr & Kent. Comparative Anatomy of The Vertebrate 9th Ed. McGraw Hill, 2001.
• Horsburgh, David. Atlas of Cat Anatomy, 3rd Ed. Stanford University Press. 2001.
• Linzey. Vertebrate Biology. Science Publishing, 2001
• Drickamer, Vessey & Jacob. Animal Behavior: Mechanism, Ecology, Evolution 11th Ed. 2001
• Hickman & Kats. Laboratory Studies Integrated Principle 10th Ed. Robert/Larson Publishing, 2001
• Kardong, K. Vertebrate Comparative AnatomyMcGraw Hill, 2000.
Revised by: Reviewed by: Noted by:
MS. GEONYZL J. LEPITEN,MS-BIO NICEFORA L. TUBERA, MAST DR. Ma. TERESA GRAVINO
Instructor Program Head, Biology Department Dean, CASBE
Approved by:

8. DR. MARIA LEAH VILLANO, MD
Asst. Director of Academic Affairs