Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Bangalore Presentation Landes Burfisher Paper F N1
1. Investing in India’s Agricultural Markets: A Source of Growth and Equity? Maurice Landes Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Mary Burfisher United State Naval Academy
#1: Points: #2: Points: -Growth slowed since 1990; <2% since late 1990s vs 4% target -Signs of some recent improvement #3: Points: #4: Points: -Most recent GOI economic survey -A critical political issue #5: Points: -Traditional export sectors relatively competitive -Few national companies; few large, vertically coordinated/integrated Companies in ag output markets
Public investment (Green line) explanation: -Solid: “In” = investment in ag production (mostly irrigation systems) -Dashed: “In/for” = includes investment in ag infrastrcuture (roads, markets); only available to 2000 Points: -Low public investment & little growth -Private investment is higher & shows more growth, but still low -Relatively high & rising subsidies -Subsidies about 3X public investment -Subsidy > investment even when private investment included
Points: -Growth in total investment contrasts with investment in agriculture -Investment in & for agriculture shows somewhat more positive picture in terms of level and trend…available only to 2000.
#1: Points: #2: Points: -Growth slowed since 1990; <2% since late 1990s vs 4% target -Signs of some recent improvement #3: Points: #4: Points: -Most recent GOI economic survey -A critical political issue #5: Points: -Traditional export sectors relatively competitive -Few national companies; few large, vertically coordinated/integrated Companies in ag output markets
#1: Points: #2: Points: -Growth slowed since 1990; <2% since late 1990s vs 4% target -Signs of some recent improvement #3: Points: #4: Points: -Most recent GOI economic survey -A critical political issue #5: Points: -Traditional export sectors relatively competitive -Few national companies; few large, vertically coordinated/integrated Companies in ag output markets
#1: Points: #2: Points: -Growth slowed since 1990; <2% since late 1990s vs 4% target -Signs of some recent improvement #3: Points: #4: Points: -Most recent GOI economic survey -A critical political issue #5: Points: -Traditional export sectors relatively competitive -Few national companies; few large, vertically coordinated/integrated Companies in ag output markets
A quick look at some of the policies that have constrained investment, and recent reforms: ECA: Now seldom used, although still a concern…recently invoked in Maharashtra to try to address shortage of wheat. APMC Acts: By banning sales outside regulated markets, they prevent most contract farming and most private investment in markets. SSI reservations: Now applies to only a few industries, but explains why al aspects of Indian agribusiness dominated by small scale, low technology, non-integrated firms.
A quick look at some of the policies that have constrained investment, and recent reforms: ECA: Now seldom used, although still a concern…recently invoked in Maharashtra to try to address shortage of wheat. APMC Acts: By banning sales outside regulated markets, they prevent most contract farming and most private investment in markets. SSI reservations: Now applies to only a few industries, but explains why al aspects of Indian agribusiness dominated by small scale, low technology, non-integrated firms.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
Points: Credit Policy: Improvements in credit market conditions for both growers and businesses have probably been one of the biggest changes … chart Both increased availability and lower rates FDI Policy: Hasn’t led to major inflows for agribusiness yet, but this may be changing The restriction on multi-brand retailing is a constraint, but the key restraint maybe the array of regulations and policies that have also drained incentives for domestic investors.
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