Drilling Rig Operation & Fire Protection Facility I Gaurav Singh Rajput 1. Oil & Gas Exploration 2. About Drilling Rig 3. Drilling Rig Operation 4. Past Accidents 5. Fire Protection Facility for Drilling Rig 6. OISD - 189

1. Onshore Drilling Operation
and
Fire Protection Facility
By: Gaurav Singh Rajput
B.Tech Safety & Fire Engineering, CUSAT
Asst. Manager - HSEF Safety, Nayara Energy Lid.

2. Content
>Oil & Gas Exploration
About Drilling Rig
Drilling Rig Operation
Past Accidents
Fire Protection Facilityfor Drilling Rig

3. Oil & Gas Exploration
survey shipP
source of shock waves (air gun) hydrophones
Hydrocarbon exploration (Oil and gas
exploration) is the search by petroleum
geologists and
deposits of hydrocarbons, particularly
petroleum and natural gas, in the
earth using petroleum geology.
sea bed
geophysicists for sedimentary rock layers
pathof
reflected
waves
unconformity
9as
oit
water
porous reservoir rock

4. Drilling Rig
It is a compact mobile unit comprising of derrick
structure, power generating unit for running the draw-
works, mud preparation unit and other associated
equipment necessary for carrying out drilling operation
in the earth's crust by mechanical means to reach down
to the petroleum bearing zones below the ground for
exploration and development of oil and gas field.
Oil drilling rigs are massive structures housing
equipment used to drill oil wells, or natural gas
extraction wells, which are capable of drilling through
thousands of meters ofthe Earth's crust.

5. Drilling Rig -Parts
An oil drilling rig is mainly composed of three main transmission Crown block
mechanisms:
Derrick
1. Rotary Table,
2. Draw Works and
3. Mud Preparation Unit
Traveling block
Rotary table: Rotates the drill string along with the attached
Swivel Standpipe
tools and drill bit.
Kelly
Draw-works: To raise/lower the pipe, drill string and drill bit.
Mud Preparation Unit: To circulate drilling mud (slurry)
through the drill bit and up the casing annulus, for cooling
and removing the "cuttings" while a well is drilled.
Rotary drive
Draw works Blowout prevention
equipment
Engines
Mud pump
Mud pit
Power system:
Large diesel engines Burn diesel-fuel oil toprovide the
main source of power
Electrical generators - Powered by the diesel engines to
provide electrical power
O Pass My Exams
Drill pipe
Casing
Drill bit

6. Drilling Rig -
Parts
Mechanical system:
Hoisting system - Used for lifting heavy loads; consists of a mechanical winch (draw works) with a large
steel cable spool, a block-and-tackle pulley and a receiving storage reel for the cable.
Turntable or rotary table - Drives the rotating motion using power from electric motors.
Rotating equipment:
Swivel- Large handle that holds the weight ofthe drill string; allows the string to rotate and
makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole.
Kelly - Four- or six-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to the turntable and drill string.
Drill string - Consists of drill pipe (connected sections of about 30 feet (10 meters) and drill
collars (larger diameter, heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and places weight on the
drill bit).
Drill bit -
End ofthedrill that actually cuts up the rock; comes in many shapes and materials
(tungsten carbide steel, diamond) that are specialized for various drilling tasks and rock
formations.

7. Drilling Rig -
Parts
Derrick
Support structure that holds the drilling apparatus and tall enough to allow new sections of drill pipe to be
added to the drilling apparatus as drilling progresses.
Casing
Large dianmeter concrete pipe that lines the drill hole, prevents the hole from collapsing, and allows drilling
mud to circulate.
Circulation system
Pumps drilling mud (mixture of water clay, weighting material and chemicals, used to lift rock cuttings from
the drill bit to the surface) under pressure through the kelly, rotary table, drill pipes and drill collars.
Shale shaker
Shale shaker that separates rock cuttings from the mud.

8. Drilling Rig -Parts
Hoisting Put Weight on the Bit/
Handling the Drillstring
Drling line
System Travelling
block
Pumping/Circulation
System
Circulate Fluid/
Solids Contol
Hook
Rotating Rotate the Bit
Goose nec
System Hose
Swivel
Elevator
Drillpipe
Power Supply Kelly
Drill collars
Circulation
Kelly
bushing
Driling bit
Rotation
WOB
Master bushing

9. Drilling Rig -Parts
Blow out Preventer - BOP
A blowout preventer (BOP) is a specialized valve or similar mechanical device, used to seal, control and
monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowouts, the uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas from a
well.
A blowout is the uncontrolled release
of crude oil and/or natural gas from
an oil well or gas well after pressure
controlsystems have failed.

10. Drilling Rig -Parts
A B An Annular BOP is a large, specialized
BOP used to seal, control and monitor oil
and gas wells. It is usuallyinstalled above
the ram preventers that forms a seal in
the annular space between the pipe and
wellbore or, if no pipe is present, over the
wellbore itself.
Tool joint
Tool joint
Drill floor Drill floor
BOP Annular
preventer
BOP Annular
preventer
A RAM BOP seals the well itself,
preventing oil from escaping and foreign
materials from getting in. It also allows
for a controlled flow of oil when
Blind ram
Shearram
Pipe ram
necessary.
Wellhead/casing
Ground

11. Drilling Rig -
Parts
A. Blind Ram
when there is no openings for tubing, can close off the well when
the well does not contain a drill string or other tubing, and seal it.
B. Pipe Ram
Close around a drill pipe, restricting flow in the annulus (ring-
shaped space between concentric objects) between the outside of
the drill pipe and the wellbore, but do not obstruct flow within the
drill pipe.
C. Shear Ram a.
It is designed to shear the pipe in the well and seal the wellbore
simultaneously. It has steel blades to shear the pipe and seals to seal
the annulus after shearing the pipe.
b.

12. Drilling Rig -Parts
A: Shearing
Posiion
Seawater
Wellbore
Activated Blind
Shear Ram
Blind Shear RAMS
MOVING
Blowout
Ram Preventer Stack
Welbead
- RAMS
TOUCH PIPE
- COLLAPSED
1 POE
- SHEARED
PIPE
1111
Fomation Fhuid
or/and Gas

13. Drilling Rig -
Partss
Flex Joint LMRP
Uper Annudar-
Lower Annuar.
Strppig Element
Blind Shear Ram-
Casing Shaar Ram
(Non Seaing)
Upper VBR
Middie VBR
Lower (Test)VBR-
BOP
Stack
Welhead Connector
Welihead
Sea Bed

14. Drilling Rig -
Parts

15. Drilling Rig -Operation
Once the target distance is reached, the drill pipe is
removed and steel pipe is pushed to the bottom. Oil-well
cementing is the process of pumping cement slurry down
the annulus between the casing and wellbore.
Well Site Selection
Well Drilling
Rigorouss tests are performed to ensure the pipe is
impermeable before any production of natural gas or oil can
Occur.
Cementing& Testing
Creating holes that connectthe rock holding the oil and
natural gas to the wellhead.
Well Completion
Hydraulic Fracturing
Fracking fluid is pumped at high pressure through the
perforating holestocreate paper-thin cracks in the
shale rock.
Production

16. Drilling Rig - Operation
Casing
Cement-formation
interface
Cement

17. Drilling Rig - Operation

18. Past Accidents
1964 C.P.BAKER DRILLING BARGE -
June 30 1964
1979 BOHAI 2 OIL RIG 25 November 1979
1980 ALEXANDER L. KIELLAND DRILLING RIG -
27 March 1980
1982 ocEAN RANGER OIL RIG 15 February 1982
1983 GLOMAR JAVA SEA DRILLSHIP-25 October 1983
1984 ENCHOVA CENTRAL PLATFORM 16 August 1984
1988 PIPER ALPHA PLATFORM -6 July 1988
1989 SEACREST DRILLSHIP 3 November 1989
2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON -
20 April 2010
2020 BAGHJAN BLOwoUT 27 May 202C

19. PastAccidents Baghjan Gas Blowout
The Baghjan Oil Field had 21 active wells, ofwhich 4 produce natural gas, while the remaining produces oil.
Baghjan Oil Field's Well No. 5 was established in 2006 and produces natural gas.
Inside the approxinmately 3,900-metre-deep gas well, another reserve at a depth of 3,700 metres was reportedly
being explored.
A workover rig was being built and interventions were made at 3,700 metres. The blowout preventer was removed
during this process.
An alleged miscalculation over the amount of pressure of the gas aided by the removal of the blowout preventer
led to the sudden blowout and uncontrolled release of natural gas.
An oil and gas drilling expert said conditions because ofthe nationwide lockdown in May led to there being no
experts on site to monitor operations. National or international experts usually monitorsuch operations.
The lack of safer and more appropriate technology for such operations may also have been a reason for the blowout,
according to the expert.

20. Past Accidents -
Baghjan Gas Blowout
27 May 2020
-
Gas Leaking Uncontrolled
9 June 2020
-
Fire Breaks Out
10 July 2020
-
Two Firefighters Died While Fighting The Fire
21 July 2020 173 Days
-
An Explosion Occurred
15 Nov 2020
-
Blowout killed & BOP installed on Well Head
3 Dec 2020
Well No. 5 was abandoned
Death-3 person
Environment -
Huge environmental damage (Eco-sensitive zone)
Reputation - Reported in national and international media
Assets Continuous leaking if oil for 173 days.

21. Fire Protection Facility OISD STD 189
1. A single fire water line of minimum 4" size shall be located at a minimum distance of 15 m from the
wellhead area.
2. Water storage and pumping facility shall be sufficient to initiate fire fighting for minimum 30
minutes with a water monitor at 1750 lpm.
3. A diesel engine driven trailer or skid mounted fire water pump of suitable capacity shall be placed at
the approach area of a drilling site. The fire pump shall be capable of developing minimum 7 Kg/cm2
pressure and permanently hooked up with the water tank and fire water line.
4. A skid mounted water tank of minimum 53 KL effective capacity shall be provided at the entry point
of drilling rig.
5. Two single headed hydrants shall be provided on the water line, one near bunk house and the other
near generator area.
6. One fixed water-cum-foam monitor shall be installed on the water line in the centre of two hydrants
and positioned minimum 15 m away from the wellhead area.
The monitor shall not be located more than 30 m from the derrick area.
7
8. The hydrants and monitor shall be mounted on 4" size stand post and situated 1.2 m above ground level.
9. Hose box at each hydrant point shall be provided and equipped with two fire hoses and one
multipurpose nozzle.
10.A fire bell of non sparking material shall be provided and clearly marked.

22. Fire Protection Facility OiSD STD 189
11. Following fire fighting accessories shall be readilyavailable at site
Additional Fire hose 2 Nos.
Multipurpose nozzle -
2 Nos.
Weather-proof facility for storing above items.
For foam system
a) Inline foam educator - 2 Nos.
b) Foam branch pipe - 2 Nos.
c) Foam compound - minimum 200 Its.
12. Personal Protective Equipment:
1. Sand drum with scoop: 4 Nos.
Safety helmet: 1 No. per person.
3. Stretcher with blanket: 2 Nos.
4
5 Rubber hand glove: 2 Pairs.
6. Explosimeter: 1 No.
7. Hand operated siren: 1 No.
8. Electrical siren: 1 No. of sufficient range to cover whole of the installation
9. Intrinsically safe torch-2 Nos.
10. Red and Green flag for fire drill-2 Nos. in each colour.
11. SCBA Set (30 minute capacity) -
2 Set with spare cylinder.
12. Wind sock-1 No.
2
First Aid box: 1 No.

23. Fire Protection Facility OISD STD 189
Single headed hydrant
Diesel Engine
Water Tank
(53 KL)
Water cum foam monitor
Well Head
4 Single fire water line Hose Box 2 Fire hoses and I multipurpose nozzle

24. Thank You
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https://www.slideshare.net/gauravkrsrajput
26 June 2022