2. Slum
• A Slum is predominantly an overcrowded area which is in an
advanced stage of decay where dwelling are unfit for human
habitation.
• It is like an area where the basic amenities like water supply,
drainage, for standard living are lacking, insanitary conditions
prevail, and diseases flourish.
• It is a poverty stricken area, where there is a high rate of birth,
infant mortality, illegitimacy, juvenile crime, delinquency and
death, thus representing a state of hell on the surface of earth.
4. Slum
• Slum is a menace to health, safety, mortality and general
welfare of inhabitants.
• The central Government in its slum area improvement act has
adopted the definition of slum as “Any predominantly
residential area where the dwelling which by reason of
dilapidation overcrowding, faulty arrangement of design,
lack of ventilation, light or Sanitary facility or any
combination of these factors are detrimental to safety,
health and morals”.
18. Effects of Slums
• The effect of slums are summarized as below:
• Absence of amenities:
• The Surrounding area of slums is lacking in essential amenities in required
proportion because of over- crowding.
• Health:
• The persons residing in slums are easily attacked by various types of
diseases. The climate of slums is such that it easily leads to unhealthy
conditions.
• Surrounding Locality:
• The working of institution like library, schools, hospitals, etc located
nearby slums, is seriously affected.
20. Effects of Slums
• Undesirable spots
• The slums are such on a city plan forms undesirable spots
and in a sense, disturbs the appearance of a city plan.
• Working Conditions
• It is not possible to work peacefully in slums because the
whole area is full of noise, traffic congestion, smoke, dust
and darkness.
• In short a slum as such forms a black spot and spoils the
healthy environment of the city as a whole.
40. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance
• Amenities:
• In addition to widening of roads, the public utility services such as water,
drainage, and electricity should also be made adequate for the affected
area.
• Legal Aspects:
• The legal formalities required to be implemented for the slum
clearance should be strictly followed.
• The unnecessary haste results into serious legal complications, The legal
aspect include publication and circulation of the slum clearance
project, acquisition of lands, compensation for acquired properties,
arrangement for the evicted population, etc.
42. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance
Transit Camps :
• When the slum clearance scheme is taken in hand, the person
occupying the slum will have to be dishoused, the transit camp in
the form of semi- permanent or temporary buildings are
constructed in some other parts of the town to accommodate such
persons temporarily.
44. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance
Unauthorized Person :
• To arrest the unauthorized persons to take advantage
during the transit period, it is desirable to issue the slum
dweller, a passbook containing the complete details of a
family. Such practice will avoid falsification &
impersonation of unauthorized person.
47. Prevention Of Slum
• The formation of slum is a very slow process and extreme care
should be exercised by the authority to prevent the springing up of
new slums in the town.
• Some of the important measures which can be taken to effectively
prevent the slum formation.
• Cheap Housing
• Sufficient no of cheap housing should be made available to the poor
people.
49. Prevention Of Slum
• Compulsion To Employers
• The employer of a good number of laborers may be
compelled or forced to provide housing accommodation for
their staff.
• Construction of Buildings
• Certain rules and regulations may be framed and strictly
enforced to restrict the coming up of buildings of
subnormal standards
51. Prevention Of Slum
• Maintenance And Repair
• The responsibility of maintenance and carrying out repair
should be fixed and defined in housing codes or acts. It
then becomes the duty of landlord or tenant to keep existing
building in a good condition.
• Rent Restriction
• If provisions is made to restrict the increase of rent,
tenentants will be protected.
53. Prevention Of Slum
• Social Education
• It is possible to check the growth of slums by carrying out effective
social education of the slum dwellers, the social education makes the slum
dweller conscious of the evils of the slum, and a great improvement in
the living standard of slum dwellers could be achieved.
• Unauthorized Construction
• It is absolute necessary to arrest immediately the unauthorized
construction in the form of huts and temporary structures on vacant
piece of land.
• The authorities concerned should take drastic action in demolishing and
removing such unauthorized construction.
56. Slum Area in Indian Cities
• It is a sad state of affair that some of the worst slum in the
world can be found in major Indian cities like Mumbai,
Calcutta, Ahmadabad, Surat, Chennai and Delhi.
• The slums are spreading very rapidly due to lack of proper
and effective town and country planning.
58. Slum Area in Indian Cities
• Dharavi Slum Mumbai
• Nochikuppam Slum Chennai
• Basanti Slum Kolkata
• Rajendra Nagar Slum Bangalore
• Indiramma Nagar Hyderabad
• Saroj Nagar Slum Nagpur
• Mehbullahpur Slum Lucknow
• Parivartan Slum Ahmadabad: Approximately 440000 people live in
slums within the city. Ahmadabad is home to a large population of
poor peoples living on the river banks. River side slums in Ahmadabad
are about 40 yr old.
59. Slum Area in Indian Cities
• The problem of slums in Mumbai is very acute. The areas
of slum in Mumbai vary from fraction of a hectare to as
many as 24 hectare in kamathipura and about 132
hectares in Dharavi.
• Dharavi is the biggest slum on the city map of Mumbai.
• Due to rapid growth and migration of population the slums
have considerably expanded in Calcutta, Chennai, Surat, etc.
61. Slum Area in Indian Cities
• The Critical nature of the problem is demonstrated by the fact
that 42 to 67 % of homes do not have tap water, 26 to 50 % homes
do not have toilets.
• From recent study it is reflected that nearly 74.20 % of slum exists
in 222 big towns and cities.
• With the limited resource available, the government and semi
government bodies will have to plan out intelligently slum
clearance programmes to grant adequate and decent housing to every
human being.
63. References
• Fundamentals of Town Planning : G.K. Hiraskar
• Slum Areas Improvement And Clearance Act 1956
• http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/1956/A1956-96.pdf
• Internet Websites
