Uc14 chap06

Chapter 6:

Application Software

Learning Objectives
1. Describe what application software is, the different types of
ownership rights, and the difference between installed and
Web-based software.
2. Detail some concepts and commands that many software
programs have in common.
3. Discuss word processing and explain what kinds of
documents are created using this type of program.
4. Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and the kinds of
documents created using this type of program.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition

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Learning Objectives
5. Identify some of the vocabulary used with database software
and discuss the benefits of using this type of program.
6. Describe what presentation graphics and electronic slide
shows are and when they might be used.
7. List some types of graphics and multimedia software that
consumers use frequently.
8. Name other types of application software programs and
discuss what functions they perform.


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Overview
• This chapter covers:
– Characteristics of application software in general
– A look at the most widely used types of application
software, including:
• Word processing
• Spreadsheet
• Database
• Presentation graphics
• Graphics and multimedia software
• Other types of application software

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The Basics of Application
Software
• Software Ownership Rights
– Specify the allowable use of the program
– Software license
• Specifies the conditions under which a buyer of the
software can use it
– Commercial Software
• Copyrighted software that is developed and sold for
profit
• Typically comes with a single-user license


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Software
– Shareware
• Copyrighted software distributed on the honor system
• Consumers should either pay for it or uninstall it after
the trial period
– Freeware
• Copyrighted software programs that are given away by
the author for others to use free of charge
– Public Domain Software
• Software that is not copyrighted and ownership rights
have been donated to the public domain
– Open Source Software
• Programs with source code made available to the
general public

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Software


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Software
• Desktop vs. Mobile Software
– Mobile phones and
mobile devices typically
require mobile software
called apps
• Specifically designed
for a specific type of
device
• Wide range of
software available


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The Basics of Application Software
• Installed vs. Web-Based
Software
– Installed Software
• Must be installed on
the computer before
it can be run
• Can be purchased in
physical form
• Can be downloaded
from the Internet

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Software
– Web-based Software
• Is delivered on-demand via the Web
• Also called Software as a Service (SaaS) and
cloudware
• Includes free software and fee-based software
• Advantages
– Files can be accessed from any computer with
an Internet connection
– Ease of implementation


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Software
– Improved collaboration capabilities
– Always working with the most current version of
software
• Potential Disadvantages
– Online applications tend to run more slowly
– Have file size limits
– Cost may eventually exceed the cost of purchasing a
similar installed version of the software


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Software


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Software
– Software Suites
• Collection of software programs bundled together and sold
as a single software package
• Office suites are used by most businesses/individuals to
produce documents and typically include:
– Word processing software
– Spreadsheet software
– Database software
– Presentation graphics software
– Additional productivity tools like calendars, messaging
programs, or collaboration tools
• Provide a common interface among programs in the suite

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Software
• Office suites include
– Microsoft Office (most widely used)
– WordPerfect Office (Corel)
– iWork (Apple)
• Most suites available in variety of versions
• Not all suites available for all operating systems
• Cost is lower than buying each program separately


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Software


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• Common Software Commands
– Toolbars, Menus, Keyboard
Shortcuts, and the Ribbon
• Provide access to most
commands in application
programs


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Software
• Ribbon used in Microsoft Office 2007 and later
– Commands are organized into groups located
on tabs
– Contextual tabs appear on the Ribbon as
needed and contain special commands


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Software
– Editing a Document
• Changing the content of the document, such as
inserting or deleting words
• Insertion point
– Indicates the current location in a document, which
is where the changes will be made
• Typing text inserts the text at the insertion point
location
• Delete and Backspace keys delete text
• Text and objects can typically be selected and moved,
copied, deleted, or formatted

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Software
– Formatting a Document
• Changes the appearance of the document
– Changes font face, font size, and/or font color
– Changes line spacing or margins
– Adds page numbers and/or borders


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Software
– Getting Help
• Often built into the program and typically contains:
– Table of Contents
– Browsing
– Search
• Online help (via manufacturer’s Web site and
independent sites)
• Offline help (periodicals, books, tutorial videos, classes)


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Software


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Quick Quiz
1. Software programs that are distributed on the honor system and can
be legally and ethically shared with others to try out the software
are referred to as ______________________.
a. shareware programs
b. commercial software
c. public domain software
2. True or False: Software purchased via the Internet is always in
downloaded, not packaged, form.
3. A group of related software programs sold together as one unit is
called a(n) ______________________.
Answers:
1) a; 2) False; 3) software suite

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Word Processing Concepts
• What Is Word Processing?
– Using a computer and word processing software to create,
edit, save, and print written documents such as letters,
contracts, and manuscripts
– Common Word Processing Software Programs
• Microsoft Word
• Corel WordPerfect
• Apple Pages


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• Creating a Word Processing Document
– Word wrap
• Automatically returns the insertion point to the next
line when the end of the screen line is reached
– Character formatting (font face, size, style, or color)
– Paragraph formatting (line spacing, indentation, tabs,
alignment, and styles)
– Page formatting (margins, paper size, orientation, headers,
footers, etc.)
– Document formatting (headers, footers, footnotes, end
notes, table of contents, index, background, theme)

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• Tables, Graphics, and Templates
– Tables
• Allow content to be organized in a table consisting of
rows and columns
– Graphics or Drawing Features
• Allow images to be inserted into a document (clip art,
photographs, drawn images, etc.) and then modified
– Templates
• Help users create new documents quickly


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• Word Processing and the Web
– Most word processing programs today include Webrelated features allowing you to:
• Send a document as an e-mail message
• Include Web page hyperlinks in documents
• Create or modify Web pages
• Create and publish blogs
• Collaborate with others online


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Spreadsheet Concepts
• What is a Spreadsheet?
– Documents containing a group of numbers and other data
organized into rows and columns
– Spreadsheet software is used to create electronic spreadsheets
• Formulas
• Data analysis tools
• Charts and graphs
– Most widely used spreadsheet programs:
• Microsoft Excel
• Corel Quattro Pro
• Apple Numbers

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• Creating a Spreadsheet
– Worksheet
• A single spreadsheet
– Workbook
• A collection of worksheets saved in a single file
– Worksheets are divided into rows and columns
– Cell
• The intersection of a row and a column
• Each cell is identified by a cell address – A1
• Cell pointer marks current cell
– Groups of cells are called ranges or blocks and can be
selected with mouse or keyboard
– Data is entered into current cell

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– Entering Data into a Spreadsheet Cell
• Labels
– Text-based entry in a worksheet cell that identifies
data on the worksheet
• Constant Values
– Numerical entry in a worksheet cell
• Formulas
– Perform mathematical operations on the content of
other cells
– Usually reference the cell address,
not the current data in a cell
– Use mathematical operators
– Begin with an = sign

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– Functions
• Named, pre-programmed formulas
• In formulas and functions, use cell addresses of the
numbers to be included in the calculations


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– Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing
• Relative cell references
– Cell addresses are adjusted as the formula is copied
• Absolute Cell References
– Cell addresses are not adjusted as the formula is
copied
– Necessary when the formulas should always use the
value in a particular cell, regardless of the cell in
which the formula is placed
– Use $ to make cell references absolute: $B$6


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– Charts and What-If Analysis
• Most spreadsheet programs include some type of
charting or graphing capability
• Can create charts from the data in the spreadsheet
(don’t have to reenter it)
• Charts change accordingly if the data in the
spreadsheet changes
• When cell contents are changed, formulas are
automatically recalculated
• Tools frequently used to help make business decisions


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• Spreadsheets and the Web
– Most spreadsheet programs have built-in Web capabilities
enabling the user to:
• Save the current worksheet as a Web page
• Insert hyperlinks inserted into worksheet cells
• Select and copy ranges of cells to a Web publishing or
word processing program to insert spreadsheet data
into a Web page as a table
• Send document as an e-mail message collaborate
online


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Quick Quiz
1. Changing the line spacing of a document is an example of
which word processing feature?
a. word wrap
b. editing
c. formatting
2. True or False: A label is a special type of named formula, such
as SUM to add up a group of cell values.
3. A spreadsheet document created in a spreadsheet program is
often called a(n) ______________________.
Answers:
1) c; 2) False; 3) worksheet

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Database Concepts
• What Is a Database?
– A collection of related data that is stored in a manner
enabling information to be retrieved as needed
– Database Management System (DBMS)
• Software that allows the creation and manipulation of
an electronic database
– Most widely used relational database programs
• Microsoft Access
• Oracle Database
• IBM DB2

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Database Concepts
― Most PC-based databases are relational databases and
organized into fields (columns), records (rows), and tables
• Field (column)
― A single type of data to be stored in a database
• Record (row)
― A collection of related fields
• Table
― A collection of related records
• Database file
― Collection of related tables

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Database Concepts


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Database Concepts
– Databases contain a variety of objects (such as tables,
queries, forms, reports)


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Database Concepts
• Creating a Database
– Database file is created first
– Tables can then be created
– Typically, the table structure is specified first
– Includes a list of fields and their properties, including:
• Field name (unique identifying name)
• Data type (text, number, date, object)
• Field size (maximum number of characters)
• Default value (initial content of the field)
– The table is named and saved
– Tables can be created in either Datasheet or Design view

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Database Concepts


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Database Concepts
– After the table structure has been created, data is entered
into the table
– Data can be entered in two ways:
• Using Datasheet View
– Lists all data and looks similar to a spreadsheet
• Using a Form
– Created by the user and typically displays just one
record at a time
– Either Datasheet view or a form can be used to view,
modify, or delete data


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Database Concepts


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Database Concepts
• Queries and Reports
– Query
• A question; a request for specific information from the
database
• Contains criteria to specify the records and fields to be
included in the query results
• Is named and saved so it can be run again at a later
time
• Results always include the current database data


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Database Concept


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Database Concepts
– Reports
• Created when a more formal output is desired
• Associated with either a table or a query
• Data is displayed in the specified format
• Databases and the Web
– Many Web sites use one or more databases to:
• Keep track of inventory
• Allow searching for people, documents, products, or
other information
• Place real-time orders
– Anytime you type keywords in a search site or hunt for a
product on a retail store’s Web site using its search
feature, you are using a Web database

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Presentation Graphics Concepts
• What Is a Presentation Graphic?
– An image designed to visually enhance a presentation
– Can be used in electronic slide shows, as well as in printed
reports


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– Slide
• A one-page presentation graphic that can be displayed
in a group with others to form an electronic slide show
– Electronic Slide Show
• A group of electronic slides that are displayed one after
the other on a computer monitor or other display
device
– Presentation Graphics Software
• Used to create presentation graphics
– Most common presentation graphics programs are
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Corel Presentations
• Apple Keynote

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• Creating a Presentation
– Templates and preformatted slide layouts can often be
used
– New slides can be added to a new or existing presentation
as needed
– Slides can contain a variety of elements
• Text
• Images
• Charts
• Audio clips
• Video clips

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– Slides can be formatted as needed
– Multimedia and animation can be added to slides
• Animation
• Transitions
– Overall appearance of the slide show can be changed by
applying a theme
• A combination of colors, fonts, and effects
• Can be applied to entire presentation or individual
slides


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• Finishing a Presentation
– Slide Sorter View
• Shows thumbnails of all slides in presentation
• Used to rearrange the slide order
– Show can be set up to run automatically or manually
– Speaker Tools
• Speaker notes and pens
• Presenter view
• Recorded narration
• Can print the slides to create overhead transparencies
or an audience handout

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• Presentation Graphics and the Web
– Presentation graphics programs can be used to generate
Web pages or Web page content
– Slides can include hyperlinks
– Users can usually control Web-based presentations
accessed via a Web browser


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Graphics and Multimedia Concepts
• Graphics
– Graphical images, such as digital photographs, clip art,
scanned drawings, and original images created using a
software program
• Multimedia
– Technically refers to any application that contains more
than one type of media
– Often used to refer to audio or video content
• Large variety of graphics and multimedia software used to:
– Create or modify graphics
– Edit digital audio or video
– Play multimedia files
– Burn CDs and DVDs

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Graphics and Multimedia
Concepts
• Graphics Software (Digital Imaging Software)
– Used to create or modify images
– Painting Programs
• Typically used to create bitmap images (Microsoft
Paint)
– Drawing Programs (Illustration programs)
• Typically create images using mathematical formulas—
vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW )


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– Image Editing or Photo Editing Programs
• Designed for touching up or modifying images
– Correcting brightness/contrast
– Cropping/eliminating red eye
– Optimize file size for the Web
– Adobe Photoshop, Apple iPhoto, etc.


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• Audio Capture and Editing Software
– Used to create and edit audio files (narrations, podcasts,
etc.)
• Sound recorder software captures sound from a
microphone
• Ripping software captures sound from a CD
– Edits and applies special effects
– Common consumer products
• Windows Sound
Recorder, Apple
GarageBand, Audacity

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• Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
– Video Editing Software
• Modifies existing videos
• Prepares video clips for presentations or Web sites
– DVD Authoring Software
• Organizes content to be transferred to DVD
– Importing videos, creating menus, burning onto a
DVD
– DVD Burning Software
• Records data on recordable or rewritable DVDs
– Common consumer video editing programs include Roxio
Creator, Apple iMovie/iDVD, etc.

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• Media Players
– Programs designed to play audio and video files
• Music CDs, downloaded music, online audio
• Downloaded
and online video
• Important to adhere
to copyright laws
• RealPlayer, Apple
QuickTime,
Windows Media
Player, etc.

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• Graphics, Multimedia, and the Web
– Often used by individuals and businesses to create Web
sites or content to be shared via the Web
• Company logos
• Web site banners
• Games
• Tutorials
• Videos
• Demonstrations
• Other multimedia content

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Other Types of Application
Software
• Desktop and Personal Publishing
Software
• Educational, Entertainment, and
Reference Software
• Note Taking Software and Web
Netbooks


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Other Types of Application
Software
• CAD and Other Types of Design Software
• Accounting and Personal Finance Software
• Project Management, Collaboration, and Remote Access
Software


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Quick Quiz
1. A single type of data to be included in a database (viewed as a
column in a table) is called a ______________________.
a. record
b. field
c. table
2. True or False: Each slide in a slide presentation can contain only one
type of element, such as text, an image, or a video clip.
3. Recording content on a CD or DVD disc is referred to as
______________________ the disc.
Answers:
1) b; 2) False; 3) burning


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Summary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Database Concepts
Presentation Graphics Content
Other Types of Application Software


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Uc14 chap06

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