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PRESENTED BY: GANDHI SONAM MUKESHCHANDRA
M.PHARM
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY
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Pulmonary Drug Delivery system
“Pulmonary drug delivery describes various
systems,devices,formulations & method of delivery of
drugs to the lung for the treatment of:
Diseases of the respiratory tract.
For systemic delivery via the drug.”
Once the drug is administered they readily pass into
the blood stream without the need of any enhancers
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The pulmonary system consists of two regions
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Mechanism of drug
absorption
Drug diffusion through alveoli.
Absorption through aqueous pores by carrier
mediated transport.
phagocytosis of insoluble particles allow absorption
of compounds with low lipophilicity & or high
molecular weight.
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Inhaleables
Advanced technology for pulmonary delivery is
expanding a category of drugs called Inhaleables defined
as respiratory & systemic therapies administered simply
by inhaling.
Advantages:
It supply drugs into the blood stream directly.
It provide a non-invasive method of drugs delivery.
It furnish very rapid onset of action similar to I.V.route.
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Aerosols
Aerosol preparations are stable suspensions of solid
material & liquid droplets in a gaseous medium.
The drug delivery by aerosols is deposited in the
airways by:
Gravitational sedimentation
Diffusion
The term atomizer is used for a device that generates
an aerosol & may be powdered by
electrically/mechanically.
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Advantages of an aerosol
A dose can be removed without contamination of
remaining material.
The medication can be delivered directly to the
affected area in a desired form such as spray or
stable form.
Irritation produced by mechanical application of
topical medication is reduced or eliminated.
Minimum contamination.
Maximum stability.
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Limitations of aerosols
Poor patient compliance.
Irritant activity .
Increase bronco constriction.
High cost of mfg.
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Formulation of aerosol
Aerosol product essentially consists of two
components:
Product concentrate
Propellant
Product concentrate consist of active ingredients or
mixture of active ingredients
Other necessary agents such as solvents, antioxidants
& Surfactants.
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Propellant
Single or blend of various propellants are used.
It is selected to give the desired vapour pressure,
solubility & particle size.
Propellants can be with active ingredients in many
different ways producing products with varying
characteristics.
Depending on the type of aerosol system utilized,the
pharmaceutical aerosol may be dispensed as fine mist,wet
spray & semi-solid or solid.
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Methods of Inhalation delivery
•Aerosols
•Pulmonary metered dose inhalers (PMDIs)
•Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
•Nebulizers
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Metered dose inhalers(MDIs)
Is a device that helps to deliver a specific
amount of medication to the lungs.
It is commonly used to treat asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).
It is composed of 4 essential components.
1.The base formulation-
drug ,propellant,excipients.
2.The container.
3.Metering valve .
4.The actuator (mouth piece).
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Propellants:
Commonly CFC propellants are used because of their
low pulmonary toxicity , high chemical stability and
purity and compatibility, Non-inflammable.
But now a days the CFC propellants are replaced with
Hydrofluoroalkanes(HFAs) as these CFC cause the
ozone depletion effect.
Examples: trichlorofluromethane
dichlorodifluoromethane
1.2.dichlorotetrafluromethane.
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Surfactants
These are added to maintain the drug in dispersed
state & promotes stability of formulation.
 It is also lubricates the valve.
Examples : oleic acid ,sorbitol.
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Containers & valve
Usually the container is made up of aluminum or
glass.
Glass containers are normally plastic coated or
laminated to enhances their ability to ensure internal
pressures of high magnitude.
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Metering valves
These are designed to release a fixed volume of
product during each actuation.
Usually valves volumes range from 25 to 100ml
although larger volume are available.
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DRY POWDER INHALERS
This device dispenses a powder in a stream of inspired
air.
These are environmentally friend since they do not
require CFC propellants for drug dispersion.
Self medication is possible.
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Two types of dry powder inhaler
Passive dry powder inhaler
Ex: Disc Inhaler, Easy haler
Active dry powder inhaler
Ex: spiors,prohaler.
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Advantages
Product and formulation stability
High drug volume delivery per puff
low susceptibility to microbial growth
Applicable to both soluble and insoluble
drugs
Self medication is possible
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Disadvantages :
Hygroscopic powders have chances to
particle growth.
Accurate dose is required .
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Nebulizer
Nebulizers are those that aerosolize aqueous
solutions of water-soluble drugs 0r
suspensions & solvent-water based solutions of
water- insoluble substances.
Nebulizer have been successfully employed for
drug delivery to the lung.
 It is also used for local drug delivery to trachea
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There are two types of Nebulizer
1. Pneumatic Nebulizer :-It derives from
pressurized gas source
ex:- jet or hydro dynamic type
2. Electrical Nebulizer :-It operates from an
electric source
ex:-ultra sonic Nebulizer
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Therapeutic application:
For the treatment of asthma
Pulmonary infections
For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cardio vascular agents
Blood glucose modifier
Lung cancer
Cystic fibrosis
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List of marketed products
Ventolin albuterol sulfate
Asmol sulbutamol
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REFERENCES
1.CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY CONCEPTS AND
ADVANCES BY-S.P.VYAS & R.P.KHAR
2.MODERNPHARMACEUTICS FOUTH EDITION BY-
BANKER & RHODES
3.ADVANCE IN CONTROLLED AND NOVEL DRUG
DELIVERY BY-N.K. JAIN
4. Google.com
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