The document discusses stresses and strains in solid materials when forces are applied. It defines stress as the force applied over an area, and strain as the deformation or change in length over the original length. Tensile stress is caused by forces pulling apart, while compressive stress is caused by pushing together. The relationship between stress and strain is linear and proportional for most materials up to the proportional limit, with the ratio of stress to strain defined as the modulus of elasticity. Material properties like ultimate strength, yield strength, and percentage elongation can be determined from stress-strain graphs.
![Stresses and Strains ,[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3-stress-strain-tension-test1233/85/3-stress-strain-tension-test-1-320.jpg)
![A.) Axial Tensile and Compressive Stresses ,[object Object],800 lb 800 lb 2” 4” A B](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)