Heat energy is the total kinetic energy of particles in a sample and is measured in Joules or calories. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles and is measured in degrees Celsius or Kelvin. Heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree, while specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree. The formula for calculating heat energy transferred is heat equals mass times specific heat times change in temperature.

1. Heat Energy The sum total of the kinetic energies of the particles in a sample of matter

2. Units used for heat energy Joule = SI unit calorie = Older system 1 calorie = 4.184 Joule For food heat energy Calorie = 1 000 calories

3. Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

4. Units used for temperature based on the expansion of liquids in a tube when heated

5. Degree Celsius – developed by Anders Celsius He assigned zero as freezing point of water and one hundred as the boiling point of water

6. Kelvin(K) the unit of temperature that is the SI unit of temperature developed by William Thomson, Lord Kelvin Freezing point of water = 273 K Boiling point of water = 373 K

7. Compare the heat and temperature of water at 44 degrees Celsius

8. Heat Capacity The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a given sample of matter by one Celsius degree

9. Specific Heat The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree Celsius Units used are Joules/gram-C or calorie/gram-C