1. CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
1. ABSTRACT
The idea behind Cloud Operating Systems is that the whole system lives in the Web
browser. The client must have only a web browser to work with Cloud Operating Systems
and all its applications, including Office and PIM ones. This applies to for both modern and
obsolete PC's An Open Source Platforms designed to hold a wide variety of Web
Applications. Cloud Operating Systems was thought of as a new definition of an Operating
System, where everything inside it can be accessed from everywhere inside a Network. All
you need to do is login into your Cloud Operating System server with a normal Internet
Browser, and you have access to your personal desktop, with your applications, documents,
music, movies and all etc.. just like you left it. Cloud Operating Systems lets you upload your
files and work with them no matter where you are. It contains applications like Word
Processor, Address Book, PDF reader, and many more developed by the Cloud developers
and Cloud vendors.
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2. INTRODUCTION
Like a server Operating System (OS), a cloud OS is responsible for managing
resources. In a server (e.g., a PC), the OS is responsible for managing the various hardware
resources, such as CPU, memory, disks, network interfaces – everything inside a server’s
chassis. It hides the hardware operation details and allows these scarce resources to be
efficiently shared. A cloud OS serves the same purpose. Instead of managing a single
machine’s resources, a cloud OS is responsible for managing the cloud infrastructure, hiding
the cloud infrastructure details from the application programmers and coordinating the
sharing of the limited resources. But unlike a traditional OS, a cloud OS has to do everything
at scale. IBM CEO Thomas J. Watson is well known for his 1943 statement (although only
scant evidence exists): “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” Although
it is often laughed at since the advent of Personal Computers, it is becoming a reality again.
The only difference is that we refer to these computers as clouds. Today, only a handful of
companies, such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon and Yahoo, need and are capable of building
a cloud–a large server farm with hundreds of thousands of servers. For example, it is reported
that Google has well over 1 million servers. Managing such big an infrastructure requires the
OS to be extremely scalable.
Cloud Operating System is an open source web desktop following the cloud
computing concept. It is mainly written in PHP, XML, and JavaScript. It acts as a platform
for web applications written using the Cloud Computing concepts. It includes a Desktop
environment with number of applications and system utilities. It is accessible by portable
devices via its mobile front end. Every Cloud Operating System lets you upload your files
and work with them no matter where you are. It contains applications like Word Processor,
Address Book, PDF reader, and many more developed by the Cloud vendor.
Cloud is a simplified Operating System that runs just on a Web browser, providing
access to a variety of web-based applications that allow the user to perform many simple
tasks without booting a full-scale Operating System. Because of its simplicity, Cloud can
boot in just a few seconds. The Operating System is designed for Net books, Mobile Internet
Devices, and PCs that are mainly used to browse the Internet. From Cloud the user can
quickly boot into the main OS, because Cloud continues booting the main OS in the
background.
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3. OVERVIEW
Cloud Computing defines
A software that manages large collections of infrastructure as a seamless flexible and
dynamic Operating environment.
An environment created in a user’s machine from an on-line application stored on the
cloud and run through a web browser.
An Internet based computing environment where you pay only for resources that you
use.
Combining a browser with a basic operating system also allows the use of cloud
computing, in which applications and data "live and run" on the Internet instead of the hard
drive. Cloud can be installed and used together with other Operating Systems, or act as a
standalone operating system. When used as a standalone operating system, hardware
requirements are relatively low. We are all familiar with an Operating System (OS) since we
use one every day. Be it is Microsoft Windows or Apple MAC OS or even Linux, they are
the indispensable software that make our PC run. An operating system manages the machine
resources, abstracts away the underlying hardware complexity and exposes useful interfaces
to upper layer applications. A traditional OS manages resources within the machine boundary
(such as the CPU, memory, hard disk, and network), but it has no visibility beyond the box.
Because of its simplicity a cloud OS can boot in just a few seconds. This is also referred
to as platform as a service (PaaS) and Software as a service (SaaS). A cloud OS can be
installed and used together with other operating systems, or can act as a standalone operating
system. When used as a standalone operating system, hardware requirements can be very
low. This amazing technology allows a user to access their own virtual desktop from
anywhere around the world, without even using having network access to a remote PC. In
addition, you are essentially using the Internet to work as a desktop.
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4. THE GOALS OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
Being able to work from everywhere, regardless of whether or not you are using a
full-featured, modern computer, a mobile gadget, or a completely obsolete PC.
Sharing resources easily between different work centers at company, or working from
different places and countries on the same projects.
Always enjoying the same applications with the same open formats, and forgetting the
usual compatibility problems between office suites and traditional operating systems.
Being able to continue working if you have to leave your local computer or if it just
crashes, without losing data or time: Just log in to your Cloud Operating System from
another place and continue working.
4.1 Benefits of the Cloud Operating System
Worldwide availability of Cloud Operating Systems:
As it’s available through internet .
Requires only browser:
A browser with Java support is more than enough.
Dynamic content and design:
Interface can be customized according your needs, windows are floating so
that they can be repositioned.
Extensive list Applications:
Office applications, Multimedia applications, Network applications and Chat
applications etc. all are available.
Remote storage facility:
Through the file browser you can store files over the internet and edit them as
you want.
Browser and Platform independent:
All browsers and all operating systems are supported.
Rich text editing facility
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5. ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEM
The Architecture of Cloud Operating Systems includes Cloud Platform, Cloud
infrastructure, Cloud Storage etc and all. The below shown is the sample diagram for
Architecture of Cloud Computing Operating Systems.
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6. CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
The following are the various Cloud Operating Systems available in the Real-Time
world provided by the Cloud Vendors.
1. Glide
Glide OS 4.0 is a comprehensive Ad-Free cloud computing solution. Glide is a free
suite of rights-based productivity and collaboration applications with 30GBs of storage. Users
who want extra storage or would like to add extra users can upgrade to Glide Premium now
with 250 GBs for $50.00 a year or 20 cents per GB per year. With a Glide Premium account
you can set up and administer up to 25 users. The Glide OS provides automatic file and
application compatibility across devices and operating systems. With Glide OS you also get
the Glide Sync App which helps you to synchronize your home and work files.
2. Amoeba
Amoeba Cloud OS is an advanced Online Cloud Operating System. Log in to your
free account and join a cloud computing revolution that begins with great apps like
Shutterborg, Exstream and Surf.
3. My Goya
MyGoya is a free online operating system. Your own personal desktop can be
accessed from any Internet PC in the world and includes e-mail, chat, file sharing, calendar
and an instant messenger. Manage your contacts from anywhere in the world.
4. Kohive
Kohive is an online desktop where you can easily collaborate with others. It’s perfect
for freelancers, small businesses, students and groups with similar interests.
5. Zimdesk
Zimdesk Operating System is your computer on the web – the entire functionality of a
PC – online. There is nothing to install. A web browser and internet connection are all you
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need to access your desktop, files and favorite applications. You can access your data
anytime from anywhere, from any PC.
6. Ghost
Ghost Cloud Computing is a leading company in the cloud computing industry
specializing in cloud computing for the end user. Ghost offers individuals and businesses file
storage and apps in the cloud to enable secure personal computing from any device. Ghost is
distributed directly from its web site and through channels. Ghost web interface is very
simple and easy to use, it make it quick and easy to manage your files and folders. We can
upload data of any type to your cloud storage from any device. We can view and edit any of
your files in any browser. We can instantly share files and documents with any friend by
sending them a link. Wherever you are, you can edit documents and pictures directly online
within Ghost portal. It also offers full mobile support, you can browse your file and folders
from your cellular device or we can mount as a Windows drive; just like a USB flash drive.
We can move files between local hard disk and your Cloud File.
7. Joli
“Joli OS is a free and easy way to turn any computer up to 10 years old into a cool
new cloud device. Get on the Web and instantly connect to all your Web apps, files and
services using the computer you already own. You may never need to buy a new computer
again. It’s easy. Just download Joli Operating System. It installs in just 10 minutes.”
8. Cloudo
Cloudo is a free Cloud Operating System that lives on the Internet, right in your web
browser. This means that you can reach your documents, photos, music and all other files no
matter where you are, from any computer or mobile phone. It features an open, powerful,
stable and versatile development environment. With the click of a mouse button you can get
started with creating applications for yourself, a group of people or even everyone. And if we
are good, we can make money out of this as well. We can easily share a set of files, images or
set up a joint account with friends and colleagues.
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8. CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
9. Corneli
The CorneliOS Web OS is an easy-to-use, multi-user and cross-browser “Web
Desktop Environment”, “Web Operating System” or “Web Office” and comes with a set of
cool applications.
10. Lucid
Lucid comes with lots of applications. One can browse photos, listen to music, and
edit documents. It also comes with an RSS feed reader, some games, a calculator, and a bashlike terminal application. We can install additional third-party applications, which allows we
do even more!
11. Eye OS
Eye OS is one of the most used Web Operating System which is released under the
AGPLv3 license and only needs Apache + PHP5 + MySQL to run. With eyeOS you can
build your private Cloud Desktop. Using eyeOS Web Runner we can open your eyeOS files
from your browser with your local apps and save them automatically on our cloud. In eyeOS
2.0 we can work collaboratively with other users simultaneously in the same document, it is
the Safe Cloud Computing system because we can host it in your own company or
organization. We will get privacy and cloud computing at its best.
12. Startforce
With Startforce, we can run Windows apps such as MS Office, Adobe Acrobat and
Quickbooks. We can also stitch in web apps such as Salesforce.com, Google or your
company’s intranet web apps.
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9. CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
7. APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
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10. CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
8. ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY A CLOUD OS
A cloud OS is complex to implement. There are two reasons for this complexity.
First, the sheer scale of the cloud infrastructure pushes the technology limit. Few companies
have had the experience of managing such a big infrastructure, and the cloud providers are
forced to build new solutions from the ground up. For example, Google designed their own
GFS to manage files and their own Big Table to store a large amount of semi structured data.
Similarly, Amazon designed Dynamo to manage storage and built their own management
infrastructure to support their web services API. Second, a cloud has to be robust and scalable
because it is designed to be shared by hundreds or thousands of people instead of just a few
users on a PC. Just like the computers in the 1940’s, clouds are expensive to build. Both
Google and Microsoft are aggressively building out their cloud infrastructure. According to
their annual 10K reports, both companies are spending close to a billion dollars a year on
capital investment. Only a handful companies could afford such a big investment. Yet, many
companies or individuals require access to a large computation capacity once in a while; thus,
a large number of users could potentially time-share the cloud infrastructure at the same time.
It is not trivial to support such a large number of users at the same time. As evidence of the
complexity of building a cloud OS, even after 4 years of its introduction, we still found a bug
in Amazon SQS through the course of this research. Even though a cloud OS is complex to
implement, out of necessity, cloud providers have already spent a large amount of
engineering efforts on building a highly scalable cloud OS that can manage a large
infrastructure shared by many people. If we leverage the existing cloud OS, we can
potentially lower the application complexity, yet achieve high scalability.
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11. CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
9. FUTURE THOUGHTS OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
The existence of simple yet powerful and expressive abstractions is essential in
realizing the full potential of Cloud Computing. To this purpose we introduced the Cloud
operating system, Cloud OS. Cloud OS aims to provide an expressive set of resource
management options and metrics to applications to facilitate programming in the Cloud,
while at the same time exposing a coherent and unified programming interface to the
underlying distributed hardware. This unified interface will provide developers with a quick
and transparent access to a massively scalable computing and networking environment,
allowing the implementation of robust, elastic, and efficient distributed applications. Our next
steps beyond laying out the architecture of CloudOS include, first, a detailed definition of
functional elements and interfaces of the kernel-space Cloud processes and of the user-space
libraries, and second, the design and implementation of the aforementioned elements with
emphasis on fault-tolerance, security, and elasticity.
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10. CONCLUSION
Building a highly scalable system is not an easy task. We have to invest in a great deal
of engineering efforts to make sure not only the overall system, but also every single
component are robust and scalable. Worst yet, we tend to redo everything for the next system
that we have to build. In this paper, we explore a new way of building these systems, i.e.,
building them on top of a cloud OS. Because of its scale (both the size of the infrastructure
and the number of customers), a cloud vendor has to spend a large amount of engineering
efforts to make its services scalable, possibly more scalable than any other implementations.
We have implemented MapReduce on top of the Amazon cloud OS. That implementation has
three primary advantages. First, it is simpler. It has 3,000 lines of Java code, two orders of
magnitude simpler than a traditional implementation. Second, that implementation is more
scalable because there is no single point of scalability bottleneck, and shows experimentally
that this is true. Last, the implementation is faster. In one case, it is 60 times faster than the
Hadoop implementation.
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