Collaboration Exploring and Caring for the Diversity of Agriculture Intensification Pathways: Learnings for Europe and for Africa from the ProIntensAfrica Project
Philippe Petithuguenin, Deputy Director for Research and Strategy, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), European Partner of PROIntensAfrica
Improving Global Networking for In Situ Conservation and On-farm Management o...
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Collaboration Exploring and Caring for the Diversity of Agriculture Intensification Pathways: Learnings for Europe and for Africa from the ProIntensAfrica Project
1. Mutual prosperity - Why north and south need each other.
Agrinatura Workshop. Uppsala,27 April 2017
Agriculture Intensification Pathways:
caring for diversity !
by Philippe Petithuguenin
2. General outline
Work conducted by the ProIntensAfrica (H2020) project
Transformation of agriculture follows diverse paths.
This diversity has to be recognized, characterized (and
not hidden behind loose concepts) and promoted in
order to
1. Respond to diversity of contexts and
expectations
2. Support decision making (by farmers,
agrodealers, policy makers…)
3. Programme research
4. Support innovation processes
4. ProIntensAfrica methodological
approach to build the R&I Agenda
Considering a wide spectrum of documented
intensification options and pathways for Africa
Defining contrasted pathways
Organizing a participative approach with a range
of diversified stakeholders
A methodology involving the review of
convergences, contradictions and controversies,
gaps and trade-offs is essential
Literature review…
and Case studies are critical in addressing the
above issues.
5. High-input intensification
n=3329
Agriculture,
research
History,
archaeology
Educa on, extension,informa on
and training
Organiza ons, Laws
Economics
Plant
science
Pathogen, pest, parasite and weed
management
Soil
science
Forestry, forest products and
agroforestry
Animal
science
Aqua c sciences
Engineering and equipment
Natural
resources
Food science and food products
Forage and feed products (non
human)
Non-food and non-feed agricutural
products
Social
sciences
Human health and hygiene
Biotechnology
Wastes Zoology
and wild
animals
Other
sciences
6. Case studies
5/9/2017
PROIntensAfrica – Towards a long-term Africa-EU partnership to raise
sustainable food and nutrition security in Africa
In depth case studies Light case studies
7. Proposed typology of I. pathways
Four contrasted pathways
A pathway = a given technical system
+ actors + policies
Five key aspects are defining the pathways: vision and
values; organization of the food chain; dimensions
addressed by the agricultural model; agricultural
practices; and source of energy and materials.
Website: http://www.intensafrica.org/
8. Four contrasted pathways (or ideotypes)
CONVENTIONAL
AGRICULTURE
PATHWAY
This pathway is dominated by high use of external inputs (such as improved
varieties and breeds of crop and livestock, GMO, pesticides and mineral
fertilizers) and extensive use of irrigation and mechanization. This pathway
is a continuity of the green revolution and endears the use of high-tech
provided that such will improve productivity. It dominantly refers to
maximizing production as its goal in the short term.
ECOTECHNIFIED
AGRICULTURE
PATHWAY
This “ecotechnified” pathway primarily seeks intensification through
rational use of biotechnology, modest external inputs, irrigation and
mechanization in such a way that the ecological cycles are maintained. It
seeks to integrate new knowledge, indigenous knowledge and ecological
services to ensure a sustainable intensive agriculture.
AGROECOLOGY
PATHWAY
This “agroecology” pathway is based on a convergence of agronomy and
ecology and on integration of technical and socio/political considerations.
Maximization of productivity or production are not the main goals of this
pathway, rather the optimization of outputs (economic, environmental,
social). Intensification in this sense is subordinated to welfare development
and autonomy of the production system and of the farm.
ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
PATHWAY
The organic agriculture pathway refrains from the use of pesticides and
mineral fertilizers and emulates ecological systems and cycles. Its main
objective is not intensification but a shift to better quality and certification
for better valorization.
10. How the pathway approach can be used
to establish a R&I Agenda
12. 4 research and innovation patterns
Participatory transfer of knowledge and technologies Co-design of innovation
Supporting the innovation process Open innovation
13. • The diversity of contexts (biophysical and socio-economic)
is high. There is no “one size fits all”.
• It “pays” to care for a diversity of pathways (better
understanding of on-going transformation processes; easier
identification of promising options; avoiding confrontational
postures; broader range for higher impact, especially at farmers’
level)
• But diversity has to be “nurtured”, and some pathways are
under explored. (concept of “lock-in”: cf IPES-Food report)
• The role of R&I is to
• broaden the range of options
• and provide adecuate information to allow comparisons
within options and between options, to support decision.
• Need to further develop the understanding of the linkages
between pathways and innovation processes. May be by
creating a research and innovation community where
diverse options are discussed !
5 Main Conclusions
14. • For further information:
• Thank you for your attention !
Website: http://www.intensafrica.org/
Website: http://impress-impact-recherche.cirad.fr/
and you can contact me
at:philippe.petithuguenin@cirad.fr
16. Sustainable Intensification
Definition of “Sustainable Intensification”: to produce
more outputs (not limited to agricultural products) with
a more efficient use of all inputs (not only improved
seeds and fertilizers but also knowledge and know-
how) on a durable basis (maintaining soil fertility,
avoiding erosion and desertification), while building
resilience and the social and natural capitals, reducing
environmental damage and improving the flow of
environmental services.
or to “produce more and better with less”
=> An excessively broad concept. Sustainability has
trade-offs, and is therefore not only “technical” but very
much a social/political choice !
17. Sustainable Intensification
In the “classical” view, the three traditional production
factors are mobilized to explain agricultural
intensification: Land, Labour and Capital.
Intensification relies on quantity of inputs per one of
these factors, the inputs concerned being mainly
fossil-energy-based obtained with capital investment.
In “sustainable intensification”, other factors and
assets are taken into consideration as new inputs to
be used more intensively: knowledge; ecosystem
services (soil, water…) and ecological processes;
human capital, work force, incomes and jobs;
inequalities and territory planning…