1.
Maribor, 21 september 2012, Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe
Sub-committee on Culture, Diversity and Heritage (AS/Cult/CDH)
Industrial Heritage in the context of the other cultural heritages
prof. arch. Francesco Calzolaio
member Europa Nostra’s Industrial and Engineering Heritage Committee
f.calzolaio@culturnet.net

2.
The Industrial Heritage (IH) is, globally, the cradle of the identity of
Europe, being the first industrialized world, but is also, locally, the
main provider of sense of identity of many territories.
The success and potentiality of the industrial heritage enhancement
depends by the interaction with
other industrial heritages, and with
other cultural resources.
In this sense the IH might be the
catalizator for the whole cultural
patrimony in its territory,
it might weaves a network with:
1. the context of the urban landscape
2. the sense of social citizenship
3. the territorial cultural networks
4. the geographical interregional unities

3.
1. Industrial Heritage and the urban landscape
We have to misure the urban impact of the Industrial Heritage,
evaluating if it's isolated in the outskirts-mountains-shores or, on the
contrary, it's absorbed in the urban historic tissue; its depends if they
are gigantic in a little town, or miniature in a metropolis, or nodes in a
dispersed network; and it depends by the interaction between the
cluster of industrial activities/patrimonies generated by the prevalent.

4.
We might analize industrial heritages linked with the peculiar
complement of the landscape, as the water and the (under)ground for
Arsenals (productive waterfronts) and Mines; both are also interviewing
with the structure of the urban and territorial historic stratifications.
The most ancient proto industrial shipyard is the Arsenale of Venice,
that since the 12th century was the driving force of an empire, gowing
and being trasformed till today, but now disjointed and misused.
Maffioletti, 1797 Martini, 1897

5.
On the Thames river mouth (London) the Chatham Dockyard and its
Defences has been proposed as a future World Heritage Site because is
the world’s most complete example of an historic dockyard from the
age of sail and early age of steam (1700 – 1865).
A proper rehabilitation strategy is not only wishing to have the Unesco
label, but also keep alive the heritage in its unity for the quotidian use;
as like as for the near and magnificent Cutty Sark museum.
Chatam Dry Dock 2 was first built in 1623.
HMS Victory was built here in 1765. The Cutty Sark new museum in Greenwich

6.
On the Danube mouth (Sulina) was built the first pan-European
Commission, to protect its territorial and commercial identity. Born in
1856 the European Commission of the Danube which included
representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Germany
(Prussia), Italy (Sardinia), Russia and Turkey. In Sulina was born and
grew for the first time the concept of a united Europe manifested by a
profound spirit of tolerance and multiethnic coexistence. It was a
commercial and industrial center but yoday is negletted and isolated in a
dry branch of Danube.
Sulina Danube mouth, 1801 Sulina, 1820

7.
In Turku (Finland) The Aura River City Park preserves the story of the
phases of development of the river starting from the mouth of the river
Aura (‘a river of work’), continuing as ‘a river of entertainment, rest
and recreation’ today. The river hosted the main seat of Turku
European Cultural Capital of 2011. Its a challenging example of
industrial rehabilitation for new porpouses, respecting the past and
envisioning the future.
Forum Marinum
“Industrial archology between land
and water” exhibition at Manilla
Manilla rope factory beginning of 1900

8.
2. Territorial cultural identity
The Industrial Heritage might valorize the sense of citizenship built in
the past around the labour, as catalizator of social identity. We have to
register and measure the immaterial heritage of the workers now,
because some of them are still alive, before that it will become too late.
We have to build documentary movies and digital archives, but also
heritage walks "promenades patrimonial" in the spirit of the Faro
Convention, 2005 (Council of Europe Framework Convention on the
Value of Cultural Heritage for Society).
Heritage walk of Giudecca, Venice 2010

9.
Italy will sign the Convention of Faro next 5 november in Venice,
where COE has a new office and where a cultural association (Faro
Venice), open the tangible (sites) and intangible (the witnesses)
heritages to the perception of citizens with the “heritage walks”,
reaching young people and families in an annual event. In this sense
we would like to manage a continuous cultural strategy, with the
schools, the municipal administration, and also disseminate walks in
other Italian regions, with the creation of a national observatory.
Heritage walks in Venice: Giudecca, Giudecca Dreher Brewery, Porto Marghera, Ex Montedison
Molino Stucky now Hotel, 2010 now social housing 2011 now Vega, 2011

10.
The Route of soap in Marsiglia connects three soap factories still
active, in the 14 and 15 th arrondissements. Tourists and citizens go on
foot or metro, passing through industrial, artistic, quotidian life of
citizens, history and great scenery. The Route highlights the major
freshwater axis, identify the creek Aygalades, the disappearance of the
underground gallery of the sea and the intricacies of the channel
Marseille and, back to the city, the limit of cropland.
Route meanders between porosity and walkways, paths and passages
that connect people and their neighborhoods. Route is part of the
hospitality offered by the cooperative Hôtel du Nord.
Forum Marinum

11.
3. Cultural territorial networks
Industrial Heritage in the territorial scenario plays a strategic role
because was often the main territorial transformation, and because has
the potentiality to be re-functionalized as nodes, and headquarter, for
the territorial cultural network. Industrial heritage became not only an
item, but also a tool, in this sense, for the management plan of the
UNESCO-listed territories, whit an holistic conception of the cultural
heritage, where will not be privileged a
cultural approach, to compete locally
with the others.
1
2
4
3
5
resources
1. environmental heritage
2. museum heritage
3. productive heritage 4
4. archaeological heritage
5. immaterial heritage

12.
We have to build a cohesion of all the cultural resources of the territory,
to compete in the whole “glocal” scenario, as like is doing the Eden
network, among the “Europe’s non traditional tourist destinations”.
“The Eden project aims to create a platform for exchanging good
practices at European level and promoting networking between award-
winning destinations, thereby persuading other destinations to adopt
sustainable tourism development models”. The best quality is also his
limit: Eden, being dedicated only to the “emerging European tourist
destinations of excellence, especially the lesser known” can stenghten
their territorial strategies, but can't help the “better known” to focus
themseves on their territories, and to drive the wider attention to the
Eden network.
Idrija, Goriška Region, Slovenia Montevecchio mines, Guspini, Sardina Bata Canal, Slovako, Czech Rep.

13.
The Museum of Science and Technology of Catalonia, mNACTEC has
developed a “strategy in which 25 museums and cultural centers
revolve around the Catalan industrial heritage together in the
Territorial System of mNACTEC. Give new uses for industrial
interests distributed throughout the
Catalan territory is compatible with
the conservation work and new
cultural concerns of contemporary
society.
The science museum in
Terrassa, in the former
textile factory, headquartier
of the territorial system

14.
The Ruhr region is the new Ruhr Metropolis, where there are now
“High-tech instead of blast furnaces, collieries as new venues for
cultural events, party district instead of workers’ pub. The monumental
structural transformation from an area of steel and coal production to a
European metropolis of the 21st century is at full throttle. The 53
Ruhr region cities are working together to implement the transformation
- and are pleased about active citizens, immigrants and visitors, who
want to be part of the region’s change”.

15.
A necessary evolution of the turistic european strategy, that might be
further promoted by the Council of Europe, is the building of a
commune cultural framework for the local territorial differences,
such as we have done in the prototype of the Culturnet portal, where
institutions are presenting their resources, equally distributed in their
territories of reference, from the center to the “periphery”. As they are
equally distributed
among different
topics, such as the
five key areas of
reference: environmental,
museums, productive, material
and immaterial heritages. Malilla rope factory beginning of 1900

16.
With the directors I edited the guide to museums of material culture,
environment and production in the lagoon, from San Dona in Chioggia,
from Stra to Mira, from Valle Averto to Pellestrina, from the Arsenal to
Murano and Burano. With Venti di Cultra we have done two weekly
events all along the cultural resources of the lagoon. Now we are
building the financial sustainability
of Lagunalonga to make it become
the first hotel-boat that visits the
cultural and environmental resources
distributed all along the lagoon.

17.
4. Space/time interregional unities
The geographical interregional unities are defined as Fernand Braudel
indicated for the Mediterranean, “a unity space/time”, according with a
connection route. It might be an internal sea, as the Baltic or the
Mediterranean, or its sub areas, but also a river. This unity space/time
might be also a cultural route, as recognized and analyzed by the
European Institute (EICR). “The cultural routes programme of the
Council of Europe is an instrument for reading the European values
that emerge from the complexity of the cultures and societies
constituting Europe”

18.
“The forest exploitations, mining and the buildings of transformation of the
ore into iron have left a deep print in the landscape and in the urban sites of
the Pyrenees. The Iron Route, with the EICR label, bears witness and
disseminates to a wide range of people the knowledge of this heritage. This
heritage spans from mines, Charcoal sites and “fargues” (furnaces), to
habitats of the working people, to iron architectural elements as bridges and
railways. This sites are characterized by its diversity, and are linked by the
trans-frontier itinerary, that evidences the relationships of the people
from the two sites of the Pyrenees, even though of the existence of this
natural barrier. The iron works as others human activity as the livestock
helped people to build links among them.”
Fournaces in Farga de Ripoll Bizkaia suspension bridge, Basque

19.
The Phoenician Route inherits the oldest Mediterranean commercial network,
grounded on the production of colors and textiles, derivate from the murex
shells transformation.
“The Phoenician civilisation, at their peak between 1200 and 100 before
Christ, dominated the trade in this part of the world for more than a
thousand years. The Phoenicians founded colonies and city-states all around
the Mediterranean. Some of these cities are still prosperous nowadays and
there are many sites and archaeological vestiges to testify to the audacity, the
entrepreneurship and the commercial and colonisation successes” that the
route, with label IECR, would like to update and enhance.
Archeological remains Cartagenous boat III B.C Phoenician roots

20.
The Italian and Mediterranean coastline abounds with places that reveal, as if
looking through a kaleidoscope, the extraordinary integration of
humankind, territory, production and building technologies. These fragile and
precious industrial landscapes, often derelict and removed from common
awareness, are presented in Cattedrali del Mare. A documentary on a
fascinating journey along the complex borderline between land and water,
aboard of several historical boats, produced by Venti di Cultura with many
local administrations.
A Bragosso sailing in the Arsenale A Bilancella sailing at Masua in Sardina

21.
b
thank you
f.calzolaio@culturnet.net