This document is the preface to a 1925 publication by Berthold Laufer on Chinese baskets held in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. It provides background on the historical and cultural significance of baskets in China, noting their mentions in ancient texts and uses in agriculture, industry, ceremonies, and everyday life. The preface outlines differences between plain northern Chinese baskets and more artistic southern styles, and describes how Chinese basketry has combined with other materials and techniques in unique ways. The publication aims to showcase the museum's collection of baskets and provide information to designers and students.
The exhibition features outstanding Archaic Jades, Archaic Bronzes, Buddhist Sculpture, early Ceramics, and Later Dynastic Jades.
All objects are highly interesting, fully curated, and of the high quality for which we are well known.
Highlights include the Very Large Black Jade Double Bi or “8,” Hongshan Culture, Neolithic Period; the Archaic Gold Inlaid Bronze Covered Hu, Late Eastern Zhou Dynasty; the sublime Longmen Head of Buddha, Tang Dynasty; the very rare Painted Pottery Drinking Horse, Tang Dynasty; and the Very Rare Grey Jade Twin Fish Lotus Dish, Qianlong Period.
This catalogue was just published in October, 2021 for our 50th year exhibition in Hong Kong.
The exhibition features outstanding Archaic Jades, Archaic Bronzes, Buddhist Sculpture, early Ceramics, and Later Dynastic Jades.
All objects are highly interesting, fully curated, and of the high quality for which we are well known.
Highlights include the Very Large Black Jade Double Bi or “8,” Hongshan Culture, Neolithic Period; the Archaic Gold Inlaid Bronze Covered Hu, Late Eastern Zhou Dynasty; the sublime Longmen Head of Buddha, Tang Dynasty; the very rare Painted Pottery Drinking Horse, Tang Dynasty; and the Very Rare Grey Jade Twin Fish Lotus Dish, Qianlong Period.
This catalogue was just published in October, 2021 for our 50th year exhibition in Hong Kong.
The Renesas YROTATE-IT-RX23T is a complete reference platform based on the 32-bit RX23T MCU, designed to drive any 3-phase Permanent Magnet Motor, with three Power Stages available to drive up to 5KW. The kit can handle up to 48VDC motors, and up to 5Apeak, and is delivered with an intuitive PC GUI to manage the motor speed, display the vector control parameters and provide access to an exhaustive list of parameters: motor intrinsic parameters, PI coefficients, etc. By default, the sensorless Field Oriented Control algorithm uses three shunts for current detection and runs at 16KHz PWM. The PC GUI features auto-tuning and enables self-calibration of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. The complete material of the kits can be downloaded free of charge from: http://www.renesas.eu/motorcontrol
Over Wintering Nucs by Grant Gillard, of Jackson, MO, at the Will County Beekeepers meeting at the Weitendorf Agricultural Education Center in Joliet, IL on February 18, 2017
The Renesas YROTATE-IT-RX23T is a complete reference platform based on the 32-bit RX23T MCU, designed to drive any 3-phase Permanent Magnet Motor, with three Power Stages available to drive up to 5KW. The kit can handle up to 48VDC motors, and up to 5Apeak, and is delivered with an intuitive PC GUI to manage the motor speed, display the vector control parameters and provide access to an exhaustive list of parameters: motor intrinsic parameters, PI coefficients, etc. By default, the sensorless Field Oriented Control algorithm uses three shunts for current detection and runs at 16KHz PWM. The PC GUI features auto-tuning and enables self-calibration of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. The complete material of the kits can be downloaded free of charge from: http://www.renesas.eu/motorcontrol
Over Wintering Nucs by Grant Gillard, of Jackson, MO, at the Will County Beekeepers meeting at the Weitendorf Agricultural Education Center in Joliet, IL on February 18, 2017
MUSEUM 1Chelsea MattinglyUMUCFebruary 18, 2018 The m.docxgilpinleeanna
MUSEUM 1
Chelsea Mattingly
UMUC
February 18, 2018
The main purpose of museum is to neither educate nor entertain but rather to create a memory bank that would remind us of the past. Most societies in different parts of the world traced their origin through the works of arts history. All across the world there are hundreds of museums filled with history, information, shows, and famous documents. A variety of museums display interesting objects. A mix of cultures, historical events, famous people, and art work in the whole museum. Rather than having different attractions, some museums are dedicated to showing of shows based on a particular topic of history or interest for example the National Museum.
Upon going for an exhibition at one of the national museums, the experience I gained was very valuable and important on the understanding of the artworks used by the early humans . The visual experience gained during the exhibition was more appealing compared to reading of the curatorial essay about the exhibition at the museum which was entitled the The American Early Plates. The visual experience gives a visitor the chance to physically interact with artifacts especially when one can touch the artifacts. The curator essay about the exhibition in the museum had a lot of significance in understanding the artifacts used in the exhibition. The curatorial essay gave me the knowledge of understanding the origin, uses and dates of the various artifacts I visually witnessed at the museum. In general the visiting of the museum exhibit gave me a valuable experience as demonstrated.
The exhibition made me understand that a museum is an institution housing collections of objects of artistic, historic, or scientific interest and displayed for the educational and enjoyment of the public. I also noticed that Museums are places of memory that provides the link of distant past to the present generation which also help the society to know the path their forebears trod. The visit of the exhibition gave me the understanding of the artifacts in the display for example the display of an artifact referred to as the American earliest plate
The exhibition gave visitors the experience of comparing the modern American plates and those used in the early days. The exhibition gave the visitors a great chance to know the improvements the materials presented at the exhibition have undergone over time and the factors that have triggered such improvements. The visitors were also able learn history behind the making such of plates, the skills for making such plates and their relevance in those days.
In conclusion special exhibition helps one understand that museums are trustworthy, the importance of various artifacts to aid in the reconstruction of history. One is also able to compare the artifacts in museum with related objects which are currently in use. The importance of museum to hold a special exhibition for various artifacts is also understood.
Works cited
D ...
This is ninth paper in a series of research papers exploring the history of mechanical engineering during the
Ancient Egypt era. The paper investigates the industry of pottery in Ancient Egypt over periods from Predynastic
to Old Kingdom. The paper presents samples of pottery ware and tries to analyze each sample showing its
characteristics and location if known. The designs of each pottery ware is outlined. The decorations of the pottery
ware are outlined with emphases on the innovations in the pottery industry during the studied periods. The
manufacturing technique of pottery ware is stresses from point of view of mass production.
일본학교건축의 변천과 사례들-학습공간 모델, 시설복합화 등 다양한 주제 포함 20240603.pdfSeongwon Kim
오래 전 일본학교 건축을 정리한 자료를 보완 수정하여 [일본학교건축의 변천과 사례들]을 정리하였습니다. 보다 심도 깊게 제가 연구하기 위한 기초 자료 정도라 생각하시면 될 듯 합니다. 아직 거친 자료 정리 수준이지만 나름의 맥락을 잡아보았습니다. 워낙 많은 논문과 자료들을 참조하다보니 모두 출처를 달지 못했다는 점 양해바랍니다. 다시 일본학교 건축에 대해 정리하면서 우리나라 학교 건축이 일본과 50년 이상 격차가 있다는 걸 절감하게 됩니다. 각지에서 우리나라의 학교건축 변화를 위해 노력하시는 많은 분들이 참조하시길 바랍니다. 학습공간 모델, 시설복합화, 에코스쿨, 목조 학교 건축, 일관학교(통합학교), 인텔리젼스 학교 등 다양한 주제를 사례와 함께 다루었습니다.
그린스마트 미래학교의 이해 20221204 (22년 최종 보완수정).pdfSeongwon Kim
그린스마트 미래학교에 대한 기본 이해를 돕기 위한 강의안으로 작성한 자료입니다. 그린, 스마트, 미래, 시설복합화의 기본 개념, 사례, 교실모델, 특별교실 모델, 다목적 공간, 2차 학습 공간, 광장형 공간, 능동학습교실, 멀티미디어 스튜디오 등 다양한 현대 학습 공간 모델, 학교 배치 유형을 정리하였습니다.
Fashionista Chic Couture Maze & Coloring Adventures is a coloring and activity book filled with many maze games and coloring activities designed to delight and engage young fashion enthusiasts. Each page offers a unique blend of fashion-themed mazes and stylish illustrations to color, inspiring creativity and problem-solving skills in children.
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This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
3. CHINESE BASKETS
by
Berthold Laufkr
Curator of Anthropology
38 Plates
ff'S NATURAL Kf^''< HISTORY ^^
5^;, fr|Tf
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Anthropology Design Series No.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Chicago
1925
4.
5. CHINESE BASKETS
PREFACE
The baskets of the North American Indians have attracted a great deal of
attention, resulting in an enormous literature both technical and popular in
character, which is concerned with their technique and designs. The basketry
of the natives of the Philippines, Hawaii, and New Zealand has elicited a few
monographs, but, as far as I know, the baskets of China have never been studied
by any one. The mere fact of their existence is not even mentioned in the current
books on China and the Chinese. Yet, since earliest times, baskets have occupied
a prominent position in Chinese civilization, although naturally, owing to climatic
and soil conditions, no ancient baskets have survived. In the ancient Book of
Songs ( Shi king ) and in the ancient Rituals occur many terms for various kinds
of baskets, but contemporaneous descriptions of these are lacking, and we hardly
receive more than a very general idea of their appearance. We read of round
baskets of bamboo, of square shallow baskets of bamboo or straw, or of square
baskets in which eatables or clothes were preserved. The young bride offered to
her father-in-law fruit in a basket. It was a famous maxim in the good old times
that men and women should not touch each others' hands and that when a man
wanted to make a gift to a woman, she should receive the object in a basket.
We also hear of baskets used for specific industrial purposes; thus, for instance,
as fish-traps set at the openings of dams, and, above all, in the silk industry.which
was the main occupation of women. The tender leaves of the mulberry on which
the silkworm feeds were gathered in deep baskets, and a square type of basket
served for depositing the cocoons. Even at present basket trays play an important
part in the rearing of silkworms (Plate I). Baskets also were utilized in funeral
ceremonies and filled with cereals as food for the departed soul, being placed near
the coffin. This custom is still perpetuated by the farmers living in the environ-
ment of Peking, who bury with their dead an oval basket plaited of willow-twigs.
In ordinary life this vessel serves the purpose of a grain-measure, holding one
pint; when used as a mortuary vessel, the wooden hoop around the rim is re-
moved, and food is stored up in the basket ( for illustration see Laufer, Chinese
Potter^ of the Han Dynasty, Plate 75, No. 5).
There is a certain degree of interrelation of basketry, pottery and metal
vessels. In the case just cited the mortuary basket is a substitute for a pottery
urn which is usually deposited in the grave in the provinces of Chi-li, Shan-tung,
and Kiang-su. There are two ancient types of rectangular baskets known asfu
and kivei and used for boiled grain at sacrifices and ceremonial feasts; they are
preserved only in pottery and bronze (for illustrations, see op. cit., Plate 25, and
Art in America, October, 1925, Fig. 4), which give us at least a vague idea of
what they may have looked like in basketry. On the other hand, there are ancient
sacrificial vessels of tazza shape in pottery and bronze, which at present have
survived in basket form in the worship of Confucius and his disciples (Plate 38)
6. There is a fundamental difference between the baskets of northern China
and those of the central and southern portions of the country. In the north they
are part and parcel of the rural population, plain, practical, strong, durable,
chiefly for agricultural purposes, as collecting and carrying earth and manure,
winnowing, storing grain, or used as means of transportation (hamper and
dossers) . These being exclusively of ethnological interest have not been included
in this publication, which is devoted to the artistic baskets whose home is in the
Yangtse Valley and the country stretching southward. Here we meet in full
development the flower basket with a great variety of shapes and graceful handles,
the picnic basket with padlock, the neat travelling basket in which women
carry their articles of toilet, and the "examination basket" in which candidates
visiting the provincial capital for the civil service examinations enclosed their
books and writing-materials, also the cozy for tea-pots, more practical and efficient
than our thermos-bottles, and the curious pillow of basketry weave. The basket
boxes with raised and gilded relief ornaments are also characteristic of the south.
In accordance with the general interest in Chinese art and art industries in
this country, there is now also a considerable interest in and demand for Chinese
baskets. They make a ready appeal to our esthetic sense on account of their
elegance of shape, variety of design, and other artistic features, not to speak of
usefulness of purpose. Chinese genius has developed baskets along lines un-
known in other countries; it was not merely satisfied with creating pleasing
forms and attractive decorations, but also endeavored to combine basketry with
other materials like wood, metal, and lacquer, and to enliven and embellish its
appearance through the application of processes originally foreign to the indus-
try. The covers of many baskets display a finely polished, black lacquer surface
on which landscapes or genre pictures are painted in gold or red. Others are
decorated with metal fittings (of brass or white metal) finely chased or treated
in open work. Delicate basketry weaving is applied to the exterior of wooden
boxes and chests, even to silver bowls and cups, as may be seen in the exhibits
(at present at the south end of the west gallery). In this association with other
modes of technique Chinese basketry has taken a unique development which
should be seriously studied and considered by our own industrial art-workers.
In accordance with the object of this design series, this publication does not
aim at a scientific study of the subject, but is primarily intended for the designer,
craftsman, and art student. Nevertheless it is hoped that the technical student
of basketry also will find it useful and instructive, as full information as to weave
and design is given in the plates for each object. The locality where each object
was made is noted, and as the collection is fairly comprehensive, it gives an ade-
quate view of what types of baskets are made in middle and southern China.
The technique of some Chinese baskets is described and illustrated in an article by L. Parker, "Some Com-
mon Baskets of the Philippines" in The Philippine Craftsman (Vol. Ill, No. 1, Manila, 1914), and in another
study by E. M. Ayres and L. Duka, "Basketry Weaves in Use in the Philippines," in the same journal (Vol. V,
No. 5, 1916), as many types of baskets used in the Philippines are either made by Chinese or by the native tribes
after Chinese models. Illustrations of Japanese baskets may be consulted in the monograph of J. Conder, "Theory
of Japanese Flower Arrangements" (Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, Tokyo, Vol. XVII, 1889, Plates
11, 44, 60, 61, 64) and in an article by C. Holme, "The Uses of Bamboo in Japan" (Transactions of the Japan
Society of London, Vol. I, 1893; see also Vol. V, 1902, p. 50 and Plate V).
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25. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. ANTHROPOLOGY, DESIGN SERIES NO. 3, PLATE X.
In shape of a boat, with double handle.
OLD FLOWER BASKET.
Made of dark bamboo in open, twined, and coiled weaves.
WEN-CHOU, CHE-KIANG.
Height S^S inches. Length 14 inches. Width loK inches.
Cat. No. 126183.
Traces of gold paint on base and rim.
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35. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. ANTHROPOLOGY. DESIGN SERIES NO. 3, PLATE XV.
WICKERWARE BASKET.
Of coil weave, fitted with a porcelain tea-pot. The spout projects through a perforation in the lock, making it possible to pour without
removing the pot from the cozy. The hinges are in shape of double coins, and the hook for fastening is in form of a fish.
CANTON, KWANG-TUNG.
Height 7K inches. Diameter g inche
Cat. No. 126174.
PILLOW OF RATTAN STRIPS.
Hollow. The ends are ornamented with strips of black in twilled weave of square pattern.
CANTON, KWANG-TUNG.
Height s inches. Length isK inches. Width s'V inches.
Cat. No. 126176.
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43. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. ANTHROPOLOGY, DESIGN SERIES NO. 3, PLATE XIX.
CIRCULAR CARRYING BASKET.
Made in two compartments, with black-lacquered handle, of fine bamboo split, in checker and twined weaves. The cover is decorated
with a painting in gold outlines, representing two women, one mending a garment, the other painting silk fans.
CH'ENG HIEN, SHAO-HING FU, CHE-KIANG.
Height gl-i inches. Diameter 8J^ inches.
Cat. No. 1 26166.
CIRCULAR BASKETS.
Made of brown bam.boo, in checker weave of two layers. No handles.
KI-AN FU, KIANG-SI.
Height 3M and 3 inches, respectively. Diameter 7 and 4K inche-s, respectively.
Cat. Nos. 136193, 136194.
OLD OVAL BOX.
For keeping cakes. Covered with basketry
in checker weave and trimmed with brass mounts
and double handle. Hinged lid with brass lock.
Cover, base, and edges lacquered black.
Height 3K inches. Length 10 inches*
Cat. No. 12621.?.
44.
45. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. ANTHROPOLOGY, DESIGN SERIES NO. 3, PLATE XX.
CIRCULAR LACQUER BOX.
The brown lacquer is ornamented with designs in gold and red. The
centre of the cover is occupied by an ornamental form of the character shou
("longevity"), surrounded by five bats {wufu) symbolizing five kinds of bless-
ing (wufu): old age, wealth, health, love of virtue, and natural death. On the
sides are the eight Buddhistic emblems of luck, alternating with the character
"double joy" {shwang hi).
FUCHOW, FU-KIEN.
Height 3M> inches. Diameter 8Vj inches.
CIRCULAR BASKET WITH COVER.
Made in coiled, twined, and interlaced weaves of
extreme fineness. Partially painted gold and red.
The handle is surmounted by a ring.
K'lEN-LUNG PERIOD (1736-95).
Height 4% inches. Diameter S'/i inches.
Cat. No. 126203.
OCTAGONAL BASKET.
Base, trimmings, and cover of wood. Basketry in double layers; on the exterior, split bamboo in checker and twined weaves; in the
interior, twilled weaving in yellow and brown. The painting on the black-lacquered cover represents a mother holding a child ; two boys are
engaged in wrestling.
CH'ENG HIEN, SHAO-HING FU, CHE-KIANG.
Height 6Vs inches. Diameter lo'/l> inches.
Cat. No. 12616SB.
49. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. ANTHROPOLOGY, DESIGN SERIES NO. 3, PLATE XXII.
CIRCULAR CARRYING BASKET.
Made of fine bamboo split in checker and twined weaves. Interior lined with twilled weaving. Base, trimmings, and handle of wood.
The cover (on the left) is lacquered black and painted with a landscape in gold. Along the base a raised key-pattern gilded.
CH'ENG MIEN, SHAO-HING FU, CHE-KIANG.
Height 5K inches. Diameter J2}i inches.
Cat.;No. 126164.
OCTAGONAL BASKET-
Of same technique. The painting on the black-lacquered cover represents two mainah birds perching on a branch. On the black-lacquered
base raised designs in gold of flowers and bats alternating.
CH'ENG MIEN, SHAO-HING FU, CHE-KIANG.
Height 6 inches. Diameter 9-K inches.
Cat. No. 126162.
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