The document summarizes various pathologies that can affect the conjunctiva. It describes how the conjunctiva can react to both acute and chronic injuries through processes like hyperplasia, edema, and epithelial changes. It also outlines several congenital anomalies involving the conjunctiva, such as cryptophthalmos and dermoids. Various types of inflammations are discussed, including acute forms like ligneous conjunctivitis and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, as well as chronic conditions like staphylococcal infection and vernal conjunctivitis. Trachoma is highlighted as a chronic infection caused by Chlamydia that can lead to scarring of the conjunctiva and

1. PATHOLOGY OF CONJUCTIVA
OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2. CONJUCTIVA- stratified epithelial covering of the
eye from limbus to lid margin
Constantly exposed to environmental insults

3. Reacts in different ways
 acute injuries
Chronic injuries

4. Hyperplasia
Edema
acute conjunctivitis
Chemo sis
exudates

5. Increase in goblet cells
Epithelial cells hyperplasia chronic
Epithelial down growth
Retention cysts

6. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
Cryptophthalmos
Result of failure of lid development
or
Due to faulty development of corneal
structures

7. Dermoids associated syndromes
Goldenhar’s syndrome
Bilateral limbal Dermoids
Unilateral is associated with superior lid
coloboma
microphthalmos

8. Congenital coloboma-complete absence of
conjunctiva
 May affect one or both lids

9. CHORISTOMA
 Timorous lesion
 Composed of tissue not normally found in that
location
 Dermoids-inferotemporally at limbus
 Ectopic lacrimal gland

10. EPITARSUS
Apron like folds
Attached to the inner tarsal surface of the lid
Involve upper or lower lid

11. CONGENITAL CONJUNCTIVAL LYMPHOEDEMA
Manifest as chemosis
Ptosis
Strabismus
buphthalmos

12. INFLAMMATIONS
CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION
Vascular dilatation
Oedema
Exudates
Inflammatory membranes

13. ACUTE INFLAMMATION
 Ligneous conjunctivitis-
Idiopathic
Affects children
Bilaterally

14. Phlyctenular keratoconjuctivitis
 affects conjunctiva and cornea
 Ulceration
 Loss of epithelium due to cell loss occurs when the inflammation is severe
 Nonspecific

15. CHRONIC CONJUCTIVITIS
Increase in goblet cells
Staphylococcal infection
Conjuctivitis(sub acute, chronic forms)
Lid margins and outer canthi
Others, miscellaneous aetiologies

16. Epithelial hyperplasia
May also be seen in staphylococcal disease
in other forms of chronic conjuctivitis

17. VERNAL CONJUCTIVITIS
Bilateral
Chronic
More frequent in warm climates
Males are frequently affected than females

18. Palpebral and limbal involvement
Common to both forms;thick,ropey,alkaline
discharge; corneal changes

19. TRACHOMA
 Caused by Chlamydia agent
 Chronic follicular conjunctivitis , with scarring is an imp feature
 Scarring changes in palpebral conjunctiva and eyelid entropion
with trichiasis corneal damage

20. THANK YOU…..