The document is a presentation on hazardous waste and its management. It defines hazardous waste and differentiates it from toxic waste. It discusses the various sources of hazardous waste like industrial activities, mining sites, agricultural facilities etc. It describes the different types of hazardous wastes like listed wastes, characteristic wastes, universal wastes and mixed wastes. It also explains the different characteristics of hazardous waste like ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity. The presentation concludes with discussing the health risks of hazardous waste and various options for its management like recovery, treatment and disposal.

1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
Coimbatore
ezhilkumar@skcet.ac.in
I only feel angry when I see waste.
When I see people throwing away
things we could use. – Mother
Teresa
1
17CE413
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.6 – Hazardous waste & types

2. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2
Learning Outcomes
☼ Definition of waste
☼ Introduction to Hazardous wastes
☼ Difference b/w Hazardous and toxic waste
☼ Sources of Hazardous waste
☼ Common examples of Hazardous waste
☼ Types of Hazardous wastes
3.6 – Hazardous waste & types

3. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3
Video Session

4. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 4
What is Waste
 A material, substance, or by-product) eliminated or discarded as no longer
useful or required after the completion of a process.
OR
 any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is may be a solid or a
liquid or gas.
 It may be toxic or may be not .

5. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 5
Hazardous Waste
 Hazardous waste means wastes solid, sludge, liquids, and containerized gases
other than radioactive and infectious wastes which, by reason of their chemical
activity or toxic, explosive, corrosive, or other characteristics cause danger
orlikely will cause danger to health or to the environment, whether alone or
when they come in contact with other waste.

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Introduction
 The U.S. EPA estimated that U.S. factories released 1.8 million metric tons
(about 2 million tons) of toxic chemicals into the air, land, and surface waters in
2011, including a number of chemicals that are known carcinogens.
 In the United States hundreds of billions of gallons of groundwater are also
contaminated with Uranium and other toxic chemicals, and more than 63.5 million
metric tons (about 70 million tons) of radioactive waste, which is mostly uranium waste
derived from spent nuclear fuel, is buried in landfills, trenches, and unlined tanks

7. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 7
Diff b/w Toxic & Hazardous waste
 A substance will be Hazardous waste if it is
1. Reactive
2. Corrosive
3. Flammable(ignitable)
4. Toxic
 A is only waste that when ingested or adsorbed, is harmful or fatal to living
organism
 So Hazardous waste may be sometimes toxic But toxic waste always be
Hazardous waste

8. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 8
Diff b/w Toxic & Hazardous waste
 Toxic waste results from industrial, chemical, and biological processes
Sources of hazardous waste
1. by products of industrial , domestic activities
2. mining sites and mineral processing sites
3. agricultural facilities and research laboratories
4. All sources that discharges liquid , solid and gas that fit the definition of
Hazardous waste can be regarded as hazardous waste.
5. agricultural land and agroindustry
6. contiminated sites and building materials

9. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 9
Diff b/w Toxic & Hazardous waste
 Common hazardous waste include
1. Waste oil and fuel
2. Solvents and thinners
3. Toxic and flammable paint wastes
4. Chlorinated solvents , heavy metals ,
5. Perchlorates and peroxides
6. Radioactive waste etc.

10. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 10
Categories of Hazardous waste
 Listed wastes
 Characteristic wastes
 Universal wastes
 Mixed wastes

11. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT  Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 11
Categories of Hazardous waste
Listed wastes
 Wastes that EPA has determined are hazardous.
 The lists include the F-list (wastes from common manufacturing and industrial
processes), K-list (wastes from specific industries), and P- and U-lists (wastes
from commercial chemical products)
Characteristic wastes
 Wastes that do not meet any of the listings above but that exhibit ignitability, corrosivity,
reactivity, or toxicity.

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Categories of Hazardous waste
Universal wastes
 Batteries, pesticides, mercurycontaining equipment (e.g., thermostats) and lamps (e.g.,
fluorescent bulbs).
Mixed wastes
 Waste that contains both radioactive and hazardous waste components.

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Types of Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste may be of two types
1. Designated waste (listed waste)
2.Characteristics waste
 Designated Waste is one that is specifically listed by USEPA as Hazardous.
 While Characteristic waste is one that exhibits any one of the characteristics of ignitability ,
corrosiveness , reactivity and toxicity
Or
 Wastes that do not meet any of the listings type wastes but that exhibit ignitability, corrosivity,
reactivity, or toxicity.

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Designated Waste types
EPA designates more than 450 listed wastes which are specific substances or classes of
substances known to be Hazardous, classified into four groups OR lists
1. F-type wastes from nonspecific sources
2. K-type wastes from specific sources
3. P-type acute hazardous wastes
4. U-Type miscellaneous hazardous wastes

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Designated Waste types
Each substance in every group or list is assigned an EPA hazardous waste number.
For example in u-type list: Acetophenone U004
For example in k-type list: Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome
yellow and orange pigments K002

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Diff b/w listing type & Characteristic waste
• Listing types are based on Pedigree (e.g., history, background, derivation)
• Characteristic types are based on chemistry (e.g., physical properties)

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Listing type wastes
F-type wastes (non-specific wastes)
• Because the processes producing these wastes can occur in , the F-listed wastes are known
as wastes from nonspecific sources.
• For example This list identifies wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes,
such as solvents that have been used in cleaning or degreasing operations.

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Listing type wastes
K-list (source-specific wastes)
• This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide
manufacturing.
• Certain sludge and wastewaters from treatment and production processes in these industries
are examples of source-specific wastes.

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Listing type wastes
P-type wastes (acute hazardous wastes)
• Wastes that have been found to be fatal to humans in low doses, or capable of causing or
significantly contributing to an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible
illness.
• For Example These are mostly specific chemical species such as fluorine (P056) or 3-
chloropropane nitrile (P027).

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Listing type wastes
U-type wastes (miscellaneous hazardous wastes)
• A different variety of waste are listed here
• These are predominantly specific compounds such as calcium chromate (U032) or phthalic
anhydride (U190).

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Characteristics wastes
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines these hazardous substances in terms of the
following characteristics:
 Ignitability
 Corrosivity
 Reactivity
 Toxicity

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Characteristics wastes
• Ignitability
 Ignitable substances in these wastes may be
 Liquids
 Gases
 They catch fire due to
 Presence of ignition source (liquid)
 From friction or contact with water (non liquids)
 e.g., ignitable compressed gases; and oxidizers (organic peroxide)

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Characteristics wastes
• Corrosivity
 Characteristic of substances that exhibit extremes of acidity or basicity or a tendency to
corrode steel
 e.g.,HCL etc

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Characteristics wastes
• Reactivity
 Substances that have a tendency to undergo violent chemical change (examples are
explosives, pyrophoric materials, water reactive substances, or cyanide- or sulfide-bearing
wastes)
 It is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste which, when exposed to pH conditions between 2
and 12.5, can generate toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a
danger to human health or the environment.

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Characteristics wastes
• Toxicity
 Substances which are itself toxic or its compounds are toxic e.g., Arsenic D004

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Types of Hazardous waste

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Synthetic organic chemicals

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Halogenated hydrocarbons

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Radioactive waste

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Major types of Hazards

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Cultural Hazards

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Chemical Hazards

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Chemical Hazards

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Chemical Hazards

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Biological Hazards

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Physical Hazards

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Universal waste

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Household Hazardous waste

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Generation

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Health risk associated with hazardous waste

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Hazardous waste management choice

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Hazardous waste management choice

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Land Disposal

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Hazardous waste management program evolution

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Assessment Time
Review
Question Report the hazardous waste generation sources available in
Coimbatore region.

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