These slides cover fiber fundamentals but mostly focused on the current state and trend of fiber optics. These slides were used in a speech by the President of Experior Laboratories, Lorenz Cartellieri CHAPTERS 1. Fiber Basics 2. Telecommunication Trends 3. Military and Aerospace Trends 4. Industrial and Automotive Trends 5. Medial Trends 6. Summary www.experiorlabs.com Headquartered in Oxnard, Southern California, Experior Laboratories, Inc. is a third party, independent testing, design verification and qualification test laboratory. Specializing in fiber optics, electrical connectors and general environmental testing, Experior provides services to component manufacturers, military contractors, integrators and system providers within the telecom, datacom, military, aerospace and industrial markets. The company also provides ISO accredited calibration services for fiber optic / lightwave test instruments. Provided testing services are in accordance with Bellcore/Telcordia requirements and the company is MIL-STD-790 approved by DLA/DSCC for QPL testing of electrical and fiber optic components. Experior Labs is also a member of the prestigious Verizon FOC (Fiber Optic Component) Program as a certified ITL (Independent Test Lab).

1. FLECK RESEARCH
Lights Fantastic:
The Current State of
Fiber Optics
Presented by Lorenz Cartellieri
President, Experior Laboratories
lorenz@experiorlabs.com
Co-Authored by Dennis Horwitz
VP, Micronor Inc.
dennis@micronor.com
1

2. Testing • Certification • Calibration
Headquartered in Oxnard, Southern California, Experior Laboratories, Inc. is a third party, independent
testing, design verification and qualification test laboratory. Specializing in fiber optics, electrical
connectors and general environmental testing, Experior provides services to component
manufacturers, military contractors, integrators and system providers within the telecom, datacom,
military, aerospace and industrial markets. The company also provides ISO accredited calibration
services for fiber optic / lightwave test instruments. Provided testing services are in accordance with
Bellcore/Telcordia requirements and the company is MIL-STD-790 approved by DLA/DSCC for QPL
testing of electrical and fiber optic components. Experior Labs is also a member of the prestigious
Verizon FOC (Fiber Optic Component) Program as a certified ITL (Independent Test Lab).
Lorenz Cartellieri
President and co-founder
lorenz@experiorlabs.com
Phone: 805-483-3400
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3. Testing • Certification • Calibration
Environmental testing Fiber optic connector
Climatic/Dynamic Testing/qualification
ISO accredited Electrical connector
calibration services Testing/qualification
Training division
Material testing
Experior University
FOA Certified School
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4. Outline
1. Fiber Basics. Why Fiber Optics?
2. Telecommunications/Broadband Trends
3. Military and Aerospace Trends
4. Industrial Trends
5. Medical Trends
6. Summary
7. Q & A
4

5. Some Common Acronyms
• COTS = Commercial Off The Shelf (products or technology)
• TCO = Total Cost of Ownership
• MMF = Multimode Fiber (Typical operation at 850 or 1300nm)
• BW = Bandwidth, measured in MHz-km
• POF = Plastic Optical Fiber (Large Core MMF, up to 1000 mm)
• HCS = Hard Clad Silica Multimode Fiber (Typically 200/230 MMF)
• OM1 = Standard BW 62.5/125 MMF (200/500 MHz-km)
• OM2 = Standard BW 50/125 MMF (500/500 MHz-km)
• OM3 = Laser Optimized Medium-BW 62.5/125 MMF (Effective BW=2000 MHz-km)
• OM4 = Laser Optimized High BW 50/125 MMF (Effective BW=4700 MHz-km)
• GbE = Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gb/s)
• SMF = Single-Mode Fiber (1300, 1550 and 1625nm)
• OS1 = Standard 9/125 SMF
• OS2 = Low Water Peak 9/125 SMF
• WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• CWDM = Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• DWDM = Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
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6. 1. Fiber Basics
Dispersion
Input Output High-Order
Pulse Pulse Mode
Multimode Step Index Fiber
n2
n1
• Short distance links, <100 m
• 10-100 Mb/s, Single λ
Multimode Step Index Low-Order
Mode
• POF (1mm) or HCS (200/230)
Input Output
Dispersion
Pulse Pulse
Multimode Graded Index Fiber
n2
n1
• Short-Medium distance links, 10m - 2000m
• 100 Mbs - 10Gb/s, Single λ
Multimode Graded Index • 50/125 (OM2/OM4) or 62.5/125 (OM1/OM3)
Input Output
Pulse Pulse
Single Mode Fiber
n2
n1
• Long distance links, 1000m -100km
• 2.5/10/40 Gb/s, Single λ or WDM
Single-Mode Step Index
• 50/125 or 62.5/125
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7. Advantages of Fiber Optics
POF PCS
140 RG-62
• Small Size and Light Weight
RG-58
120 RG-59
Attenuation (dB/km)
100
80
• Highest Bandwidth-Density Product 60
40
20 MM-GI
SM
• Ground Isolation 0 200 400 600
Modulation Bandwidth (Mhz)
800 1000
• Noise Immunity Data Errors
Copper
• Intrinsic Safety
Power Line
• Lightning and EMP Protection No Data Errors
Fiber
• Intrusion Resistant
• Wide Temperature Range Copper
Data Errors
• Non-Obsolescence
• Material Availability Fiber
No Data Errors
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8. Disadvantages of Fiber Optics
• More expensive
Fiber optic components, connectors and cable assemblies are
generally more expensive than copper-based components.
$$
• Requires More Training
Fiber optic installers need more training than copper cable
installers.
• Requires More Care
Fiber optics is very susceptible to mishandling and dirt.
Workers dealing with fiber optics have to use extreme care not
to damage or degrade performance of the fiber optic system.
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9. How is Fiber Optics Used?
Communications/Signal Transport
• Wired and Optical Wireless
• Digital Links, Data Bus, Network
• RF Photonics
Sensors
• Intrinsic (All Fiber) - Bragg Gratings, Smart Structures
• Extrinsic (Hybrid) – Rotary Encoder, Fiber Optic Gyro
Light and Image Transmission
• Illumination – spot lighting, medical
• Imaging Optics – borescopes, surgery
• Laser Cutting & Marking – surgery, industrial fabrication
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10. 2. Telecommunications Trends
What is most important fiber attribute in telecom?
• Fiber offers the lowest TCO for long haul transmission
• Highest bandwidth over long distances
• Upgradable for increasing data rates
• TCO of Fiber and Copper equipment is near-parity but the
high cost of Fiber To The Premises (FTTP) construction
favors new housing over existing housing.
What is driving fiber construction?
• Ever increasing need for more bandwidth by consumers
and businesses as well as potential operational cost
savings from PON networks.
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11. March 2010
Ten Most Important Trends of the Next Decade
#3. Bandwidth Is The New Black Gold
Internet Traffic is ever increasing … and new Network Equipment
is becoming internally more
Optical to keep pace!
11

12. Telecom News Briefs of 2011
• For data centers, Google considers MMF too limited
and too expensive – the cost of the fiber is more than
the optics. Each blade is expected to have 20 100G
ports – that’s 2 Tb/s per blade.
• Managing 40 SMFs at the blade is a lot easier than the
multimode options that would involve 400 fibers per
blade. Just consider the cost and fiber management
issues!
• Google supports new 10GX10λCFP module for SMF to
2 km. Later 10X10MSA.ORG industry group
announcements offered 10km and 40km versions.
• Google is trying to drive down the cost of hardware!
12

13. More Telecom News Briefs…
• In May 2011, Corning announced that it has more orders for fiber than
it can handle. Verizon is one of the reasons for the shortfall. The
company has ordered 20% more fiber than expected – despite shifting
its FiOS deployments from passing homes to customer acquisition.
Good news for fiber manufacturer OFS too!
• Utah Telecommunication Open Infrastructure Agency (UTOPIA), is a
group of 16 Utah cities that joined together to form a state-of-the-art fiber-
optic network. Where FTTH investment is lacking by the broadband
sector, municipalities are choosing to make the investment to bring high
speed broadband to residents and businesses.
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14. Fiber Optic Cable Growth
14

15. About Telecom Connector Trends
More Bandwidth = Requires More Fibers
More Bandwidth = Smaller & Denser Interconnects
More Bandwidth = Ultimate shift from MMF to SMF?
• SMF-based DWDM technology evolves further in Submarine, Backbone and
Metro networks. More wavelengths ultimately means more fibers required.
• Traditional MMF applications such as Data Centers and LANs will migrate to
faster 40G and 100G Ethernet which is based on Parallel Optics Transmission.
But Google makes a good case for moving to SMF because of ultimate MMF BW
limitations – fewer fibers to manage.
• Lower cost ST and SC are giving way to smaller LC as the dominant connector for
transceiver interfaces. Multifiber interfaces employ MTP/MPO array connectors.
Duplex LC 12-fiber MTP/MPO
MTP
15

16. 3. Military & Aerospace Trends
The Future is Light
(Aviation Week, 24-October-2011)
By Nan Mattai, VP-Eng & Tech, Rockwell Collins
The delivery of the first Boeing 787 represented more than
First 787 Delivery to ANA
just the aircraft’s revolutionary composite materials, fuel-
efficient engines and health monitoring and reporting systems
… fiber optics played a critical role in the avionics
systems, saving weight and protecting against
electromagnetic interference.
Fiber is presently used similar to traditional copper wiring,
simply carrying a single digital signal between two fixed pieces 787 Cockpit
of equipment. In the future, aircraft networks will carry
multiple analog and digital signals along a single cable via
different wavelengths of light …10,000 times faster than today.
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17. China Building Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Weapons
Washington Times, October 2011
A declassified intelligence reports China’s military is
developing EMP weapons that Beijing plans to use against
U.S. aircraft carriers in any future conflict over Taiwan.
EMP weapons mimic the gamma-ray pulse caused by a
nuclear blast that knocks out all electronics, including
computers and automobiles, over wide areas. The
phenomenon was discovered in 1962 after an aboveground
nuclear test in the Pacific disabled electronics in Hawaii.
First Look: Electronic Warfare Missile
Aviation Week, November 2011
The U.S. has built, flown, pointed and triggered a missile
designed specifically to carry a directed energy weapon (DEW).
The payload, expected to be operational soon, will be able to
disrupt, shut down, spoof or damage electrical systems.
Boeing has been working with AFRL on the Counter-Electronics
High-power microwave Advanced Missile Project (CHAMP).
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18. VPX Bulks Up With New Specs
Military Embedded Systems, January-2009
VITA 46.12 (Fiber Optics on VPX) for embedded computing systems assigns the
location of the P5/P6 VPX connector as the home for the fiber optic connector,
which can be one of the following:
• Mechanical Transfer (MT): 8 or 12 channel ribbon connector
• Expanded Beam (EB) multichannel connector
• ARINC 801 (Radial LUXCIS) connectors
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19. Military and Aerospace Connectors
• Military Aerospace is dominated by MIL-DTL-38999
Series III /60 and /61 Tight Tolerance Fiber Optic-
Specific and ARINC 801 series (Radiall Luxcis) fiber optic
connectors. Some specific applications use ITT Cannon
PHD and Deutsch MC3/MC5 series connectors.
• Commercial Aerospace is dominated by Boeing-preferred
ARINC 801 (Radiall Luxcis) and Airbus-preferred EN4531
(Souriau ELIO) optical connectors.
• Existing NAVSEA applications dominated by MIL-PRF-
28876 (Circular) and MIL-C-85322 (MIL-ST) /16 and /17
fiber optic connectors. Next Generation NAVSEA and
NAVAIR applicators may see start of deployment of MIL-
PRF-64266 (NGConn) optical connectors.
• US Army/Marine Tactical Ground applications are
dominated by MIL-PRF-83526 series TFOCA
hermaphroditic connectors.
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20. 4. Industrial and Automotive Trends
What are the leading issues and trends?
• Safety, security and reliability
• Environmental friendly
• Reducing operating costs via automation
Automate processes
Deploy enterprise-wide high-speed networks
• Reduce operating costs via energy conservation
Replace old equipment with smart, energy efficient models
Replace large high capacity motors with energy efficient
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) such as used in HVAC,
pumps, elevators, conveyors and machine tools
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21. Where does fiber optics fit in?
• Deploying fiber optic cabling and networks around the factory eliminate
EMI problems caused by RF/wireless interference and large electrical
equipment
• Fiber optic sensors solve EMI issues introduced with replacing old energy-
hungry motor drives with new VFD systems.
• Passive fiber optic sensors can be easier to install and cheaper to deploy
in hazardous locations
What are the challenges to using fiber optics?
• Unlike the well-trained and procedure-oriented Telecom and
Military/Aerospace sectors, the industrial world is mean, dirty and
hazardous – with lesser emphasis on proper training
• Optical products must be especially designed to be easy to deploy, user
friendly and user tolerant
• Industrial market can be very “old school” and prefer copper solutions 21

22. Lower-cost Harsh Environment Fiber Connectors Based
On Commercial Standards Begin To Displace Expensive
Military Style Connectors
News: Corning Multifiber Connector
Earns IP69K Industrial Rating
Connector Specifier, September 2008
OptiTip MT connector has passed the test requirements of Corning OptiTip MT
Connector rated IP69K
IP69K and IP68 standards for industrial applications.
Products rated to IP69K must be able to stand up to high-
pressure and high-temperature wash-down procedures at
close range—out to six inches away. IP68-rated products
must be able to withstand long periods of under-pressure
immersion in liquids while also providing protection from
dust or other debris.
Other connector manufacturers have also introduced Molex adds New
ruggedized optical connectors by integrating environmental Rugged Optical
protection with COTS connector designs. Industrial Connectors
22

23. News: Laser Sparks Hope of Reduced Auto Emissions
Photonics Spectra, July 2011
Experiments by Japanese researchers have
revealed that laser-induced ignition offers significant
advantages over a conventional spark-ignition
system, such as higher probability to ignite leaner
mixtures, reduction of erosion effects, increases of
engine efficiency, or shorter combustion time.
Automobiles clearly represent an ultimate
destination for laser spark plugs, but industrial
engines less restricted by weight and cost may see
such ignition systems sooner.
NOTE: Fiber optic-based automobile networks have
been available for over 10 years now. MOST
(Media Oriented Systems Transport) uses POF and
MOST Automotive Network
HCS.
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24. 5. Medical Trends
Molex Circular MT Expanded Beam Interconnect
Solution for Medical, Video and
Telecommunications Wins 2010 Chicago
Innovation Award
Connector Ensures Reliable Data Link Between
Surgeon and Patient
(Chicago Sun Times, November-2010)
The Circular MT Expanded Beam Interconnect precision lens
ensures that surgical-equipment connections deliver optimal peak
performance. The rugged interconnect can handle a hospital
operating-room environment while being plugged and unplugged
thousands of times without losing its effectiveness. Connections Da Vinci Surgical Robot
can be cleaned quickly and effectively by any hospital staff member, is a prime example of
where interconnect
saving the expense and time of waiting for a special technician. reliability is critical.
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25. Force Sensing Ablation Catheter
Calculates Pressure Applied With
Embedded FBG Sensor
Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology
April 2010
The next generation TactiCath force-sensing
ablation catheter was recently granted CE mark
and unveiled at German Cardiac Society meeting
in Mannheim, Germany. The product gives
physicians a real-time, objective measure of
contact force during the treatment of cardiac
arrhythmias. It includes a smaller fiber optic sensor
at the tip, a force-time integral display and
automatically generated summary reports of the
procedure.
Contact force is derived by three optical fibers
which measure micro deformation of the catheter
tip using Fiber Bragg Grating technology.
25

26. MRI-
Micronor MRI-Compatible Fiber Optic
Encoder wins Control Engineering’s 2010
Engineer’s Choice Award
Control Engineering, June 2010
Micronor's MR318 MRI-Compatible Fiber Optic Rotary
Encoder won Control Engineering's 2010 Engineer's
Choice Award in the Motion Control category. With a
readership of nearly 90,000, CE readers voted for best
products in 29 categories in the control marketplace.
The MR318 is the world's first and only commercially-
available non-metallic rotary encoder specifically designed
to operate "transparently" in extreme electromagnetic
fields and has become an enabler for functional-MRI
research and advanced MRI phantoms.
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27. 6. Summary
Technical
• EMI has become a greater design and real world mitigation issue with technology shifts,
higher data rates and denser products. Fiber optic links, networks and sensors are
displacing copper as a mainstream solution.
• Fiber’s nearly infinite bandwidth and low loss over distance have always been its natural
selling point over copper in telecom and datacom.
• Cloud computing drives bandwidth needs and smaller, higher density interconnect
solutions in the CO and data centers as well as outside plant applications (e.g. cell sites)
Market Opportunities
• Large Telecom/Broadband programs such as FTTH are dominated by just a few large
OEMs. It is especially tough and expensive to qualify as a supplier to major customers
such as Verizon who require extensive product testing, ongoing continuous improvement
programs and periodic site audits by certified Verizon-Approved Auditors.
• Outside of Telecom/Broadband/Datacom markets, all facets of fiber optic supply chain
serving the Harsh Environment Markets have traditionally experienced annual double digit
growth.
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28. Short Course 291:
Hands-On Fiber Optics For Engineers Designing For Military,
Aerospace, Shipboard and Industrial Harsh Environmental
Applications
This short course provides a very practical, hands-on overview to fiber
optics with an emphasis on designing and deploying the technology in
harsh and hazardous environments – including military, aerospace,
shipboard and industrial applications.
OFC-NFOEC 2012 is March 4-8, 2012 in Los Angeles-CA
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29. 7. Questions?
Headquarters
Experior Laboratories, Inc.
1635 Ives Avenue • Oxnard, California 93033
Phone: +1.805.483.3400
Fax: +1.805.483.5484
Customer Service
Jessica Pielaet
Phone: +805. 483.3400
Email: jessica@experiorlabs.com
Sales – Domestic
Roger Rutz
Phone: +1.805.402.8118
Email: roger@experiorlabs.com
www.experiorlabs.com www.experioruniversity.com
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