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1. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Quo vadis AI & KM ?
Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Knowledge Innovation® Strategist
Knowledge Flow Architect
MODEME IAE, Lyon 3 University, KIM &
Entovation, AFIA, IFIP

2. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
AI 2006 ?
Connaissances
représentation
acquisition
modélisation
ingénierie
capitalisation
R
aisonnem
ent
inductif
par analogie
probabiliste
et incertain
qualitatif et à base de
modèles
temporel et spatial
évolution artificielle
IA distribuée et multi-agentsprogrammation par contraintes
de
la
langue
naturelle
réseaux de neurones
vision artificiellesystèmes experts
de la parole
d’images
du signal
programmation logique
Traitem
ent
fouille de données
interfaces intelligentes
environnement interactifs d’apprentissage
architectures de systèmes d’IA
découverte
apprentissage automatique
50 years !
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ai50/
homepage.html
KM and AI are interlinked
www.afia-france.org

3. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
AI 2006
Aibo
Electrolux
Automower
Spirit

4. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
KM (1985-1991)
• 1991 from problem solving to global flow of knowledge
Corporate Visibility
 semantic
 navigation
Corporate Decision
 Modus ponens
 constraint propagation
Corporate Memory
 Repository
Corporate modeling
 Classes/objects
 semantic networks
Existing
IS
Goal : optimized Kflow

5. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
“Managing the
Knowledge Assets
into the 21st
Century”
(USA)
‘Knowledge for
Development‘ –
The World Bank
(Washington, DC)
“Knowledge
Wave
Initiative”
(New Zealand)
1987 2001+1996
“Human Capital
Reporting for the
Knowledge
Economy -OECD
Observor”
(Paris, France)
“European
Union
Knowledge
Conference
(Utrecht, The
Netherlands)
‘Study Commission
on the Implications
of the Knowledge
Economy (Beijing,
China)
Evolution of Knowledge Economies
20001997 1998
Global Knowledge
Partnership I
(Toronto, Canada)
Global
Knowledge
Partnership II
(Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia,)
Knowledge Park –
The World’s Fair
(Hannover,
Germany)
IC Report for the
Nation:Welfare
and Security”
(Stockholm,
Sweden,)
“The IC State of
Israel – Hidden
Values of the Desert”
(Israel)
“IC Statements:
Towards a Guideline”
(Copenhagen,
Denmark,)
“National
Conference on IC”
(Lima, Peru)
1999
“FASB
Guidelines”
(USA)
“Brookings
Institute
Report on
Intangibles”
(USA)
“Enterprise
Value in the
Knowledge
Economy -
OECD”
(Paris, France)
“Indicators – The
World Bank”
(Washington, DC)
“Poland Prime
Minister & Cabinet
Visit”
(New York, NY)
19941991
“Grand Collogue
de Perspective”
(Lyon, France)
“Western
Hemisphere
Knowledge
Partnership”
(Boston, MA)
“US State
Dept
Briefing on
Russia”
(Washington,
DC - USA)
“The
Innovation
Nation” by
the Prime
Minister
(Singapore)
“National
Intellectual
Capital
Index TM
”
(UNOPS/
McMaster)
“E100: Building
Collaborative
Advantage”
(NY City, NY)
“PDVSA
Conference
(Caracas,
Venezuela)

6. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Has KM the same meaning as it had 15
years ago?
15 years ago we had two points of view:
• Management (Drucker, Amidon…) and
• Knowledge processing (AI and cognitive
science) (JSeely Brown, Davenport, Wiig…).
Today there are as many points as domains,
some of them converged, but only few
understood the deep meaning KM can have.

7. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
management
HR
documents
design
co-design
AI
ITBusiness
Intelligence
KM (1996-2000)
• Separate domains
contribution
• Strong technology push
begining of Kbased business
Result :
– Fails
– Avakening : knowledge is human and re-discovery of the human
nature (Lack of feedback from AI !)
Context : networks, mondialization, culture mix
Human sciences

8. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
KM Bill Gates definition
"I have organized this book around three corporate
functions: commerce, knowledge management,
business operations." p. xix
"Knowledge management is nothing more than
managing information flow, getting the right
information to the people who need it so that they
can act on it quickly."
"Business @ the Speed of Though" p. 238

9. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Has KM changed in the last 15 years?
It grows from experience, but this experience is not
yet collective, because of human nature
(competition instead of collaboration…and
KMattitude)
From my point of view it evolved
– from technological push to more human oriented
approach,
– from single problem solving to the quite-global flow,
– from KM to Knowledge Innovation®…trough
collective intelligence

10. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Do we have the technology to implement
KM easily?
Not really, because as well research as IT
industry does not integrate the “needs
engineering and discovery” into the
Kinnovation process (innovation with client).
The “devices” as computers, PDA, cellular phone,
PSP, TV… have the same functions
and…difficulty to communicate, idem for KM
software .
There is no one able to assist in an intelligent
way the human in his/her environment and
learn to adapt to what he/has needs
(challenge!).

11. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
ROI of KM?
• Tangible and untangible
• We begin to know (ex. D. Skyrme “Measuring
the value of Knowledge”Business Intelligence,
1998, Leif Edvinson’s Intellectual Capital… ).
• Two points: some Americans and North-
Europeans know the value (and the price!) of
knowledge. French and probably others have to
put into practice the concept of intangible value.

12. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Are there accepted theoretical models
for KM?
Theoretical models have to be improved through
experience.
Practical applications could be an excellent field of
research investigations.
Many of theoretical models are not useful, because of
the lack of understanding the complex reality.

13. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
More questions
• Is KM changing the way of thinking and working ?
• What are new values pointed by KM ?
• Did KM amplify our innovative capability?
• Did KM influence/improve the sustainability of
persons, organizations, countries and planet ?

14. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
KM Millesime 2006 ?
• Planetary movement and networks
• KM = attitudes
• Holistic
• 3D KM
• Knowledge Economy :
– Kcity real and virtual (Helsinki 2003)
– KCities, KRegions, KWorld Monterrey 2003
– Collective E100 book Knowledge Economy
• Intelligent devices with AI inside
Context : mondialization, culture mix, challenges for society and planet

15. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
AI What’s next ?

16. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI
my dreams
• Discover our brain capacity (more challenge for
AI)
• Better use of computer capacity (K thinking
approach)
• More collective and multi-domain intelligence
(1+1=11) instead of competition
• Intuitive software
• …

17. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
my vision/dream
human knowledge cultivators® work in perfect synergy
with artificial knowledge processors – computers
(device). They learn from each other. Computers help
people by performing the tasks difficult or impossible
for human to do…
in the world where the biological, social and machine
components are well balanced, are sustainable
indefinitely without destroying the environment, and
enhance the human condition.

18. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Today and future needs :
– Safety of persons and systems (cryptography identity
management ? intrusion detection, security at home, security
of Information Systems),
– Health, human « spare parts »
– Sustainability
– Services
– social (loneliness, handicapped, unemployed),
– trust …
Future of AI (& KM)
ProblemProblem drivendriven researchresearch
Today problems are complex
challenge : find balanced solution

19. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
ProblemProblem drivendriven researchresearch
• H & C Learning (3W access to K), interactive, with RV,
collaboratif learning by playing…
• Ecosystems rediscovery (ancestral knowledge
rediscovering instead of inventing new pesticides and
artificial fertilisers) RICH
• Imagination training, interactive games, influence on
(bad) comportement ?
• Intelligent car or new way to move ?
• intelligent house (recognition of visitors, management of
vital fonctions, household appliances, equipment for
handicapps..)

20. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
my vision (holistic)
3 levels of needs:
• Individual – machine as an amplifier of human capacity
and intelligence
• Organizational
• Society

21. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
Individual level
• Human-machine collaboration and learning, but what
kind of Machine ? Computer ? Device ?

22. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
Individual level
• Intelligent assistant able to
• Find relevant information and knowledge on demand and push
• Understand documents/emails, make un abstract
• Manage my documents, files, emails using my logic
• NL dialog and RT translation
• Provide an intelligent tool for illustrations
• Optimize a travel reservation (global access)….
• access and intelligent navigation in the world knowledge bases
(k-based design)
• Recognize visitors, automatic vacuum cleaner,
advice…

23. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
Entreprise/Organizational level
Computers are considered as a source of K are
involved in the extended enterprise innovation
process nurished by the organized and
optimized K flow

24. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
Entreprise/Organizational level
The same capacity as for individual +
• Effective management Innovation process (“from idea to
success”)
• Sharing the learned knowledge relevant to a given point-
of-view with relevant people-computers
• Effective management of intellectual capital, determining
who knows what, who needs to know what, and how to
learn what is needed

25. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
Entreprise/Organizational level
• Support tools for “business intelligence”: for finding, checking and
sharing knowledge
• Automated patent similarity determination
• Automated tools for pattern discovery and knowledge acquisition
both at the individual and collective levels
• Tool for summarizing and generalizing experiences of the company
• Decision support for all professionals : diagnostic, configuration,
problem solving, process control…
• Management of global security…

26. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of AI (& KM)
Society
• Intelligent e-gouvernement
• Intelligent e-services (administration, tourism, RT
education, call centers…)
• Knowledge towns/regions/society
• Entertainment (intelligent games, travel guide, VR visit of
monuments with interaction (touch, smell…)
• Intelligent bank
• World bank of knowledge and experience…

27. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
FiveFive GenerationsGenerations ofof ManagmentManagment StylesStyles
InnovationInnovation StrategyStrategy for The Knowledgefor The Knowledge EconomyEconomy Debra M. Amidon 1997 BHDebra M. Amidon 1997 BH
1st Technology
as the Asset
2nd Project
as the Asset
3rd Enterprise
as the Asset
4th Customer
as the Asset
5th Knowledge
as the Asset
Core
Strategy
Core
Strategy
Change
Factors
Change
Factors
PerformancePerformance
StructureStructure
PeoplePeople
• R&D in Isolation• R&D in Isolation
• Unpredictable
Serendipity
• Unpredictable
Serendipity
• R&D as
Overhead
• R&D as
Overhead
• Hierarchical;
Functionally-
Driven
• Hierarchical;
Functionally-
Driven
• We/They
Competition
• We/They
Competition
• Link to
Business
• Link to
Business
• Inter-
dependence
• Inter-
dependence
• Cost-Sharing• Cost-Sharing
• Matrix• Matrix
• Proactive
Cooperation
• Proactive
Cooperation
• Technology/
Business
Integration
• Technology/
Business
Integration
• Systematic R&D
Management
• Systematic R&D
Management
• Balancing
Risk/Reward
• Balancing
Risk/Reward
• Distributed
Coordination
• Distributed
Coordination
• Structured
Collaboration
• Structured
Collaboration
• Integration
With Customer
R&D
• Integration
With Customer
R&D
• Accelerated
Discontinuous
Global Change
• Accelerated
Discontinuous
Global Change
• ‘Productivity
Paradox’
• ‘Productivity
Paradox’
• Multi-Dimensional
‘Communities of
Practice’
• Multi-Dimensional
‘Communities of
Practice’
• Focus on
Values and
Capability
• Focus on
Values and
Capability
• Collaborative
Innovation
System
• Collaborative
Innovation
System
• Kaleidoscopic
Dynamics
• Kaleidoscopic
Dynamics
• Intellectual
Capacity/
Impact
• Intellectual
Capacity/
Impact
• Symbiotic
Networks
• Symbiotic
Networks
• Self-Managing
Knowledge
Workers
• Self-Managing
Knowledge
Workers
ProcessProcess
TechnologyTechnology
• Minimal
Communication
• Minimal
Communication
• Embryonic• Embryonic
• Project-to-
Project Basis
• Project-to-
Project Basis
• Data-Based• Data-Based
• Purposeful
R&D/Portfolio
• Purposeful
R&D/Portfolio
• Information-
Based
• Information-
Based
• Feedback Loops
and ‘information
persistence’
• Feedback Loops
and ‘information
persistence’
• IT as a
Competitive
Weapon
• IT as a
Competitive
Weapon
• Cross-Boundary
Learning and
Knowledge Flow
• Cross-Boundary
Learning and
Knowledge Flow
• Intelligent
Knowledge
Processors
• Intelligent
Knowledge
Processors
Customer Retention Customer Satisfaction Customer Success

28. KAM 2006 Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Future of KM ?
• New education for (ELKM)
• New devices (intelligent
assistants of humans)
• Multidisciplinary applied
research
• 3G
• Knowledge Economy
(competitivity poles or
Knowledge Zones ?)
• Sustainability, prosperity
Are you ready to innovate our
Future together ?