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Hypertension Treatment Drugs
1. Drugs used for the
treatment of
Hypertension
Dr. Pravin Prasad
M.B.B.S., MD Clinical Pharmacology
Lecturer, Lumbini Medical College
1 March, 2019 (17 Falgun 2075), Friday
2. By the end of the class BSN 1st
year students will be able to:
Classify drugs used for the treatment of
hypertension
Explain the mechanism of action, indications
and adverse effects of:
Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide
Amlodipine
Captopril
Losartan
5. Normal Regulation of Blood
Pressure
Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Peripheral
Vascular Resistance
Kidney also involved in regulation of BP
Local regulation of BP also seen
Mechanism:
Neural: Baroreflexes via autonomic nerves
Humoral: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
system
8. Diuretics: Mechanism of
Action
Inhibits specific transporters in nephrons
Furosemide: Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport
Hydrochlorothiazide: Na+-Cl- symport
Inhibition leads to:
Decreased Na+ and Cl- absorption
More Na+, Cl- and water passed in urine
9. Diuretics: Mechanism of
Action
Furosemide:
High amount of urine formed (brisk diuresis
occurs)
•Blood volume decreases leading to
decreased in cardiac output
Hydrochlorothiazide:
Small persisting Na+ and volume deficit
slow development of reduction in PVR
(arterioles)
•Decreased stiffness of wall vessel
10. Diuretics: Uses
Furosemide:
Hypertension complicated by:
•Chronic renal failure, refractory Congestive
Heart Failure
•Resistant to combination regime containing
thiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide:
Mild anti-hypertensive
In combination with other anti-hypertensives
•Potentiates other anti-hypertensives
12. Calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Felodipine,
Nitrendipine, Cilnidipine
Verapamil, Diltiazem: not commonly used
Acts by blocking calcium channels present in
smooth muscles of blood vessels
Leads to vasodilatation and decrease in
blood pressure
Amlodipine: long acting (administered once a
day)
13. Amlodipine: Uses
First line drug for hypertension
Monotherapy
Combination therapy with other anti-
hypertensives
Angina pectoris
Stable angina
15. ACE inhibitors
Includes:
Captopril, Enalapril, Fosinopril, Ramipril
Acts by inhibiting Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme
Hence called ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin-I cannot be converted to
Angiotensin-II (A-II)
Effects of A-II not seen
20. Conclusion
Blood pressure can be controlled by multiple
ways
Hydrochlorothiazide acts by creating small Na+
deficit
Amlodipine acts by causing relaxation of blood
vessels
Captopril inhibits angiotensin converting
enzymes and decrease availability of
angiotensin-II