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Location, Climate, & Natural Resources

               Unit 7 Notes
Latin America
• How do location, climate, and natural
  resources affect where people live and how
  they trade in Latin America?

• Let’s take a closer look at Mexico,
  Venezuela, Brazil, & Cuba…
Mexico’s Location
• south of the US, east of the Pacific Ocean,
  and west of the Gulf of Mexico &
  Caribbean Sea
• located between major bodies of water:
  – great opportunities for trading
  – can easily ship goods around the world
• another advantage: close to US, so trade
  between two countries is convenient
Location, climate, and natural resources
Mexico’s Climate
• Climate varies according to location:
  deserts in the north, tropical beaches, plains,
  plateaus, & the Sierra Madre Mountains.
• Most people live in central Mexico:
  – arable farmland with enough rain to grow crops
  – many manufacturing centers are located here
    (provide jobs to 75% of the country’s
    population)
Where People Live in Mexico
• urban: 77%
• rural: 23%
• nearly 20% of the country’s population
  lives in Mexico City
• 2nd most populous country in Latin America
Mexico’s Natural Resources
• Oil is one of the top exports:
  – exports 1.7 million barrels/day
  – Money from oil sales provides 1/3 of
    government’s budget.
• It is one of the world’s top producers of
  silver.
• Other exports include fruits, vegetables,
  coffee, & cotton.
• Tourism is also a major industry.
Trade in Mexico
• mix of new and old industries
  – recently expanded railroads, airports, and
    electric generating plants
• 7 major seaports
• exports: oil, manufactured goods, silver,
  fruits, vegetables, coffee, & cotton
• tourism
Venezuela’s Location
• in northeast part of South America; just north of
  equator
• coasts on Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean
  – gives it easy access to trade with other countries
  – nearby Panama Canal provides a shortcut to the
    Pacific to trade with Asian countries
• mountains in the north and south, only about 3%
  arable land
Location, climate, and natural resources
Venezuela’s Climate
• hot, tropical climate
• cooler in the mountains
• rain varies by region (16 inches on the
  coast; over 100 inches in the mountains)
Where People Live in Venezuela
• urban: 88%
• rural: 12%
• Caracas is the largest
  city
• Most people live in the
  northern highlands,
  along the coast.
Venezuela’s Natural Resources
• sixth-largest oil exporter in the world
  – produces 2.8 million barrels/day
  – 90% of the money the government makes on
    trade comes from oil exports
• Farming provides jobs for 10% of the
  population.
Trade in Venezuela
• 90% of money made on exports
  comes from oil
• 4 major seaports
• other exports: bauxite and aluminum,
  steel, chemicals, agricultural
  products, basic manufactures
• tourism
Problems in Mexico & Venezuela
• millions of citizens live in poor conditions
  – little or no health care, poor education
• both countries rely on oil production for a
  large part of their trade:
  – When price of oil goes down, it is difficult for
    the government to pay its bills and help its
    people.
  – Pollution caused by oil is also a problem.
Brazil’s Location
• eastern side of South
  America, along the coast
  of the Atlantic Ocean
• shares a border with
  nearly every country in
  South America
• Amazon River and other
  large rivers stretch across
  Brazil
Brazil’s Climate
• Location on the equator
  gives it the climate needed
  to support one of the
  world’s largest rainforests.
• Climate is mostly hot and
  tropical.
• In the south, the climate is
  temperate (mild).
Brazil’s Natural Resources
• Only 7% of land is arable, but Brazil makes
  the most of this resource
  – Farmers grow 1/3rd of the world’s coffee, and
    lead the world in production of oranges,
    papayas, sugar cane, and soybeans
• Only the US exports more farm products
  that Brazil
Location, climate, and natural resources
Where People Live in Brazil
• urban: 84%
• rural: 16%
• most populated country in Latin
  America
• largest Portuguese-speaking country in
  the world
• most Brazilians live along the coasts;
  80% live within 200 miles of the ocean
Brazil’s Trade
• 7 major seaports
• exports: transportation equipment, iron ore,
  soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos, sugar,
  fruits
• tourism
  – Amazon Rainforest attracts many visitors
  – beaches are another attraction
• USA is Brazil’s largest trading partner
Cuba’s Location
• an island 90 miles
  south of Florida, in the
  Caribbean Sea
• 700 miles long
• largest island in the
  West Indies
• location on ocean
  trading routes has
  been an important
  influence on its history
  and economy
Cuba’s Climate
• tropical but moderated by trade winds
  – It’s warm to hot all year long, but the winds
    provide relief from the heat
• rainy season from May to October and a dry
  season from November to April
• target for hurricanes
  – Hurricane season runs from June to November.
Cuba’s Natural Resources
• 28% of Cuba’s land is arable
• most important export: sugar cane
  – other exports include: coffee, fish, fruits, &
    tobacco
• Tourism is a fast-growing industry.
Location, climate, and natural resources
Communism in Cuba
• The Communist government of the Soviet Union
  helped support Cuba for many years.
  – When it collapsed in 1991, Cuba faced difficult times.
• Trade from other countries does not bring in
  enough money to meet needs of Cuba’s people.
  – Government sometimes orders businesses & factories
    to close.
  – Also orders blackouts—times when all electricity is
    cut off in order to save electricity.
Where People Live in Cuba
• urban: 76%
• rural: 24%
• Havana is the largest
  city
   – 20% of Cubans live in
     Havana
Cuba’s Trade
• 3 major seaports
• exports: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish,
  medical products, citrus, coffee
• yourism
• Venezuela is Cuba’s largest trading partner;
  it sells oil to Cuba at a reduced price.

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Location, climate, and natural resources

  • 1. Location, Climate, & Natural Resources Unit 7 Notes
  • 2. Latin America • How do location, climate, and natural resources affect where people live and how they trade in Latin America? • Let’s take a closer look at Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, & Cuba…
  • 3. Mexico’s Location • south of the US, east of the Pacific Ocean, and west of the Gulf of Mexico & Caribbean Sea • located between major bodies of water: – great opportunities for trading – can easily ship goods around the world • another advantage: close to US, so trade between two countries is convenient
  • 5. Mexico’s Climate • Climate varies according to location: deserts in the north, tropical beaches, plains, plateaus, & the Sierra Madre Mountains. • Most people live in central Mexico: – arable farmland with enough rain to grow crops – many manufacturing centers are located here (provide jobs to 75% of the country’s population)
  • 6. Where People Live in Mexico • urban: 77% • rural: 23% • nearly 20% of the country’s population lives in Mexico City • 2nd most populous country in Latin America
  • 7. Mexico’s Natural Resources • Oil is one of the top exports: – exports 1.7 million barrels/day – Money from oil sales provides 1/3 of government’s budget. • It is one of the world’s top producers of silver. • Other exports include fruits, vegetables, coffee, & cotton. • Tourism is also a major industry.
  • 8. Trade in Mexico • mix of new and old industries – recently expanded railroads, airports, and electric generating plants • 7 major seaports • exports: oil, manufactured goods, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, & cotton • tourism
  • 9. Venezuela’s Location • in northeast part of South America; just north of equator • coasts on Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean – gives it easy access to trade with other countries – nearby Panama Canal provides a shortcut to the Pacific to trade with Asian countries • mountains in the north and south, only about 3% arable land
  • 11. Venezuela’s Climate • hot, tropical climate • cooler in the mountains • rain varies by region (16 inches on the coast; over 100 inches in the mountains)
  • 12. Where People Live in Venezuela • urban: 88% • rural: 12% • Caracas is the largest city • Most people live in the northern highlands, along the coast.
  • 13. Venezuela’s Natural Resources • sixth-largest oil exporter in the world – produces 2.8 million barrels/day – 90% of the money the government makes on trade comes from oil exports • Farming provides jobs for 10% of the population.
  • 14. Trade in Venezuela • 90% of money made on exports comes from oil • 4 major seaports • other exports: bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures • tourism
  • 15. Problems in Mexico & Venezuela • millions of citizens live in poor conditions – little or no health care, poor education • both countries rely on oil production for a large part of their trade: – When price of oil goes down, it is difficult for the government to pay its bills and help its people. – Pollution caused by oil is also a problem.
  • 16. Brazil’s Location • eastern side of South America, along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean • shares a border with nearly every country in South America • Amazon River and other large rivers stretch across Brazil
  • 17. Brazil’s Climate • Location on the equator gives it the climate needed to support one of the world’s largest rainforests. • Climate is mostly hot and tropical. • In the south, the climate is temperate (mild).
  • 18. Brazil’s Natural Resources • Only 7% of land is arable, but Brazil makes the most of this resource – Farmers grow 1/3rd of the world’s coffee, and lead the world in production of oranges, papayas, sugar cane, and soybeans • Only the US exports more farm products that Brazil
  • 20. Where People Live in Brazil • urban: 84% • rural: 16% • most populated country in Latin America • largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world • most Brazilians live along the coasts; 80% live within 200 miles of the ocean
  • 21. Brazil’s Trade • 7 major seaports • exports: transportation equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos, sugar, fruits • tourism – Amazon Rainforest attracts many visitors – beaches are another attraction • USA is Brazil’s largest trading partner
  • 22. Cuba’s Location • an island 90 miles south of Florida, in the Caribbean Sea • 700 miles long • largest island in the West Indies • location on ocean trading routes has been an important influence on its history and economy
  • 23. Cuba’s Climate • tropical but moderated by trade winds – It’s warm to hot all year long, but the winds provide relief from the heat • rainy season from May to October and a dry season from November to April • target for hurricanes – Hurricane season runs from June to November.
  • 24. Cuba’s Natural Resources • 28% of Cuba’s land is arable • most important export: sugar cane – other exports include: coffee, fish, fruits, & tobacco • Tourism is a fast-growing industry.
  • 26. Communism in Cuba • The Communist government of the Soviet Union helped support Cuba for many years. – When it collapsed in 1991, Cuba faced difficult times. • Trade from other countries does not bring in enough money to meet needs of Cuba’s people. – Government sometimes orders businesses & factories to close. – Also orders blackouts—times when all electricity is cut off in order to save electricity.
  • 27. Where People Live in Cuba • urban: 76% • rural: 24% • Havana is the largest city – 20% of Cubans live in Havana
  • 28. Cuba’s Trade • 3 major seaports • exports: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee • yourism • Venezuela is Cuba’s largest trading partner; it sells oil to Cuba at a reduced price.