History of CHI (Human-Computer Interaction)
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History of CHI (Human-Computer Interaction)
- 1. history of CHI gebruikersinterfaces - 5 mei 2009 erik duval K.U.Leuven http://www.cs.kuleuven.be/~erikd 1
- 2. 2
- 4. HUGE thanks to... http://www.slideshare.net/mrettig/interaction-design-history interaction marc rettig marcrettig.com design presented at history in a carnegie mellon university 2 april 2004 teeny mrettig@well.com
- 5. when? what? • muis: ’60 • ipv toetsen • trackball: voor muis, na scherm • scherm: ’50 • toetsenbord: gebaseerd op schrijfmachine • windows: ’88 • schakelaar: artilleriebanen • mac interface guidelines: ’86 - metafoor, consistentie 5
- 6. wiring the ENIAC with a new program ENIAC 1946 Mauchly and Eckert stats: 3,000 cubic feet 30 tons 18,000 vacuum tubes 70,000 resistors 170 kilowatt power req. ~1 kilobit memory approximate processing power of today’s singing birthday card but not a stored-program device Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt
- 7. front panel switches DEC PDP-8 TI 980 1960’s The internal architecture of the machine is exposed in the controls. You can see that the PDP-8 is an octal computer, with its switches in three-bit configurations (it takes three bits to count from 0 to 7, for a total of 8 numbers. Base 8. Octal. Get it?). The TI 980 is a hexadecimal machine, with switches in groups of four. Using the switches, you program the machine one word at a time (a word being, say, two hexadecimal bytes for the TI).
- 8. configure switches, run batch, output to tape
- 9. batch processing: feed it cards, wait while it runs What you used to do punch a deck of cards; take the cards to a little window, hand them to the operator; she puts them in line with everyone else’s jobs; when it’s your turn she puts your cards in the hopper and pushes “RUN”; your program works or it doesn’t; an hour or twelve later, you pick up your cards and (hopefully) printout at the same little window. What you do now double-click an icon, see what happens immediately.
- 10. preparing punch cards An important by-product: confetti. All the cha from all those cards was just great to throw around the dorm.
- 11. preparing punch cards Each key press punches holes, so there’s no “erase.” Fixing a mistake almost always required ejecting the card and starting it over. In a pinch – say you really needed to fix a card and the punch was down – a clever operator might know enough about the card encoding to close some holes with tape and open others with a knife. So on the one hand, we were adapting to the machines. On the other hand, the workings of the machines were exposed, right out where we could get to them.
- 14. operator console IBM System 360 1960’s
- 15. at home, it’s still the switches – but what to do with it? MITS Altair 8800 1975 One of the first commercially available home computers. You ordered it. You built it. You operated it through front panel switches.
- 16. next? 16
- 17. Command Line Interface 17
- 18. Nog vb? 18
- 19. Nog vb? 18
- 21. Grafische gebruikersinterface 20
- 22. WIMP • Windows Icons Menus, and Pointing devices • Characteristics • intuitive • consistent • forgiving • protective • But not necessarily best for expert! 21
- 23. Ivan Sutherland: Sketchpad (1962) Turing Award 1988 http://www.archive.org/details/AlanKeyD1987 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=495nCzxM9PI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA 22
- 24. you admire? • gnome lead developer: minder knopjes • steve jobs - jonge jaren: durf, anders • jeff raskin: apple, macintosh, vooruitstrevend • linus torvalds: free os • timbl: www, ted talk • jakob nielsen: useit.com 23
- 25. D. Engelbart, Augment • Stanford Research Institute • invented interactive computing (mouse, windows, groupware, ...) • team went to Xerox PARC • now: bootstrap institute • http://www.bootstrap.org/ 24
- 26. D. Engelbart, Augment • demo at 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference • video, microwave transmission, ... • http:// sloan.stanford.edu/ mousesite/ 1968Demo.html • http:// www.youtube.com /watch? v=X4kp9Ciy1nE 25
- 33. Fast forward to … now :) ! Text Text http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890room=fm890 28
- 34. Fast forward to … now :) ! Text Text http://hyperscope.org/ http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890room=fm890 28
- 35. Fast forward to … now :) ! Text Text http://hyperscope.org/ http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890room=fm890 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3914718330476864051q=doug+engelbart 28
- 37. 30 http://programforthefuture.org/
- 38. 30 http://programforthefuture.org/
- 39. XEROX PARC Star (1981) 31
- 42. a tool for home and small business calculations visicalc Dan Bricklin 1979 Finally people had a reason to buy a home computer (specifically, an Apple II): so they could use VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. THE place to learn about Visicalc: www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htm Download a working version!
- 43. Macintosh, 1984 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44 35
- 44. Macintosh, 1984 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44 35
- 45. All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/ computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek
- 46. Windows 1.0 (1985) 37
- 49. beyond then ... 40
- 50. ??? • ubicomp • table surface • interactive whiteboard • mume at home: PS3-tv-pc-ipod • gedachte besturing • ai - gebruiker modelleren en voorspellen 41
- 52. 43 http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/jeff_han_demos_his_breakthrough_touchscreen.html
- 61. 51 http://emotiv.com/
- 63. The future has already arrived. It's just not evenly distributed yet. 53
- 64. • past: what struck you most and why? • future: what did you • like most? • want most? • dislike most? • fear most? • ...? • and why? • and: how do both relate to your work? 54
- 65. • les volgende week! • demo + rationale • 6*15 (20 max) • template eindverslag 55
- 66. 56
- 67. Thanks! 56
- 68. Questions? Thanks! 56
- 69. Questions? http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~erikd Thanks! 56