Krok 1 - 2015 Base (General Medicine)

1. 1.0 Біологія
1
Woman applied to the medico-genetic consulting centre for information about the risk of
haemophilia in her son. Her husband has been suffering from this disease since birth.
Woman and her parents are healthy (don't have haemophilia). Is the boy likely to have the
disease in this family?
A All boys will be healthy
B All boys will be ill
C 50% of the boys will be ill
D 25% of the boys will be ill
E 75 % of the boys will be ill
2
A man suffering from a hereditary disease married a healthy woman. They got 5 children,
three girls and two boys. All the girls inherited their father’s disease. What is the type of the
disease inheritance?
A Dominant, X-linked
B Autosomal recessive
C Asutosomal dominant
D Y-linked
E Recessive, X-linked
3
Electrocardiogram of a 45-year-old man showed absence of P-wave in all the leads. What
part of the conducting system is blocked?
A Sinu-atrial node
B Atrioventricular node
C Common branch of the bundle of His
D Branches of the bundle of His
E Purkinje’s fibres
4
When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that
he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain
was damaged?
A Posterior central gurus
B Occipital zone of the cortex
C Parietal zone of the cortex
D Frontal central gurus
E Frontal zone
5
Different functional groups can be presented in the structure of L-amino acid’s radicals.
Identify the group that is able to form ester bond:
A -OH
B -SH
C -CONH2
D -CH3
E -NH2
6
The conjugated protein necessarily contains special component as a non-protein part.
Choose the substance that can’t carry out this function:
A HNO3
B АТP

2. C Thiamine pyrophosphate
D AMP

3. E Glucose
7
Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mitotically
dividing cell. On what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?
A Anaphase
B Metaphase
C Telophase
D Prophase
E Interfase
8
The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of
unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances,
which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:
A Ketone bodies
B Amino acids
C Monosaccharides
D High fatty acids
E Cholesterol esters
9
A 58-year-old female has undergone surgery for necrotic bowel. Despite having been treated
with antibiotics, on postoperative day 5, she develops symptoms (fever, hypotension,
tachycardia, declining urine output, and confusion) consistent with septic shock. What
hemodynamic support would be helpful?
A Fluids and Dobutamine infusion
B Dobutamine infusion
C Antibiotic administration
D Fluid administration
E Atropine administration
10
It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets
than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is
normally preceded by:
A Processing
B Initiation
C Reparation
D Mutation
E Replication
11
Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for
attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes
disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed?
A Translation
B Transcription
C Replication
D Aminoacid activation
E Termination
12
Patient 54 year-old, 5th day after surgical operation. Blood count: Erythrocytes 3,6*1012
/l,

4. Hemoglobin 95 g/l, Erythrocyte’s hemoglobin content (color index) 0,78; Leukocytes

5. 16*109
/l, Platelets 450*10 9
/l Blood picture: anizocytosis, poikilocytosis,
reticulocytes-3,8%. What anemia does this patient have?
A Acute posthemorragic anemia
B Acquired hemolytic anemia
C Anemia from iron deficiency
D Hypoplastic anemia
E Chronic posthemorragic anemia
13
The patient with pneumonia was treated with antibiotics for a long period. After treatment
patient complains of frequent and watery stool, abdomenal pain. What is the reason of
intestine function disorder?
A Intestinal disbacteriosis development
B Antibiotics toxic influence on the GIT
C Autoimmune reaction development
D Bacteria toxins influence
E Hereditary enzyme defect
14
A 16 year-old patient got numerous traumas in automobile accident. Now the patient is
haning a shock. АP - 80/60 mm Hg. daily urine volume 60-80 ml. What pathogenic
mechanism leads to kidneys function violation?
A Decreased hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries
B Increased osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries
C Increased pressure in Bowman’s capsule
D Increased vasopressin blood concentration
E Trauma of the urinary bladder
15
A 46 year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and
joints for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet,
nose, superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is
the main reason of such disproportional enlargement of different parts of the body?
A Cartilaginous tissue proliferation under growth hormone influence
A Increased sensitivity of the tissues to growth hormone
B Joints dystrophy development
C Increased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
D Joints chronic inflammation development
16
A 55-year-old patient with continuing ventricular arrhythmias was admitted to the hospital. The
patient is taking timolol drops for glaucoma, daily insulin injections for diabetes mellitus, and
an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. You have decided to use phenytoin instead of
procainamide. What is the reason?
A The anticholinergic effect of procainamide would aggravate glaucoma
B The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would potentiate diabetes
C The hypertensive effects of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
D The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
E The cholinergic effects of procainamide would aggravate the diabetes
17
A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office. She had a
dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no
other findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the
following drugs is most likely involved?
A Procaine

6. Cocaine
B Lidocaine
C Bupivacaine
D Etidocaine
18
The CNS stimulation produced by methylxanthines, such as caffeine, is most likely due to the
antagonism of one of the following receptors:
A Adenosine receptors
B Glycine receptors
C Glutamate receptors
D GABA receptors
E Cholinergic muscarinic receptors
19
Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weakness, pain in the intestines,
disorder of GIT. Examination of the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts
should be hospitalized immidiately. For what protozoa are such cysts typical?
A Dysenteric amoeba
B Intestinal amoeba
C Balantidium
D Trichomonas
E Lamblia
20
According to the data of WHO, for about 250 mln of Earth population fall ill with malaria. This
disease is mostly spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into
the areal of the following mosquitoes:
A Anopheles
B Culex
C Aedes
D Mansonia
E Culiseta
21
Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study
localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation
of labeled aminoacids be observed?
A Ribosomes
B Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
C Cell centre
D Lysosomes
E Golgi apparatus
22
Highly injured person gradually died. Please choose the indicator of biological
death: A Autolysis and decay in the cells
B Disarray of chemical processes
C Loss of consciousness
D Absence of palpitation
E Absence of movements
23
After breathing with poisonous steams there is an increased quantity of slime in respiratory

7. passages of a chemical production worker. What of respiratory tract epithelial cells participate

8. in mucousa moistening?
A Goblet cells
B Fibroblasts
C Endocrine cells
D Langergans cells
E Intercalated cells
24
A patient suffering from thyrotoxicosis symptoms of vegetoasthenic syndrome was revealed.
What of the following would show the histological appearance of a thyroid gland being
stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
A Columnar-shaped follicular cells
B Decreased numbers of follicular cells
C Increased numbers of parafollicular cells
D An abundance of colloid in the lumen of the follicle
E Decreased numbers of parafollicular capillaries
25
The reason of occurrence of some diseases of an oral cavity is connected with structural
peculiarities of its mucous membrane. What morphological attributes characterize these
features?
A No muscularis mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium
B Transitional epithelium, no submucosa
C Simple columnar ciliated epithelium
D Well developed muscularis, no submucosa
E Transitional epithelium, no muscularis mucosa
26
There is the change of teeth at the 6-8-year-old children: deciduous are replaced by
permanent. What embrionic tissues are the sources of formation of permanent teeth tissues?
A Ectodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhime
B Entodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhime
C Mesodermal epithelium and mesenhime
D I, II brachial arches
E Entodermal epithelium and mesoderm
27
The B cells of endocrine portion of pancreas are selectively damaged by alloxan poisoning.
How will it be reflected in blood plasma?
A The content of sugar increases
B The content of fibrinogen decrease
C The level of sugar decreases
D The content of globulins decreases
E The content of albumins decreases
28
In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which
erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the
hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?
A Gene mutation
B Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization
C Crossingover
D Genomic mutations

9. E Transduction

10. 29
A female patient consulted a physician about digestive disorder, extended abdominal pain.
Examination revealed drastic decrease in hemoglobin concentration. It is known from the
anamnesis that while living in the Far East the patient used to eat freshly-salted caviar. Some
relatives living with her had the similar condition. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Diphyllobothriasis
B Echinococcosis
C Teniasis
D Trichiniasis
E Ascaridiasis
30
On autopsy of a still-born infant it is revealed heart development abnormalities: ventricles are
not separated, originates from the right part single arterial trunk. For what class of vertebrate
is such heart construction characteristic?
A Amphibian
B Fishes
C Reptiles
D Mammals
E Birds
31
If strong oxidizers get into the bloodstream, a methemoglobin is formed. It is a compound,
where iron (II) becomes iron (III). What has to be done to save the patient?
A Interchangeable hemotransfusion has to be done
B Patient has to be exposed to the fresh air
C He has to be calmed down and put to bed
D He has to be given pure oxygen
E Respiratory centers have to be stimulated
32
A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of white color and
5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal
folds achromic ova of the unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth
is parasiting on the child?
A Enterobins vermicularis
B Ascaris lumbricoides
C ancylostoma duodenalis
D Trichina
E Trichuris
33
Parents with ill child came to the infectionist. They worked in one of the Asian countries for a
long time. Child has eathy colored skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen,
peripheral glands. What protozoan illness can this child have?
A Visceral leishmaniasis
B Balantidiasis
C Amebiasis
D Toxoplasmosis
E Lambliasis
34
White-haired, with blue eyes girl was born in healthy parents. Irritability, anxiety, troubled
sleep and feeding developed in the first months of life of the infant. What method of genetic
investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?

11. Biochemical
A Cytological
B Twin
C Genealogical
D Population-statistical
35
The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit's heart. What
changes in the heart's activity can happen as a result?
A Decreased rate and force of heart beat
B Decreased heart beat rate
C Decreased force of the contraction
D Heart stops in systole
E Heart stops in diastole
36
After the trauma, the patient’s right n.vagus was damaged. Which violation of the cardiac
activity is possible in this case?
A Violation of the automatism of a Kiss-Fleck node
B Violation of the automatism of a atrio-ventricular node
C Violation of a conductivity in the right auricle
D Block of a conductivity in the atrio-ventricular node
E Arrhythmia
37
In the ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin, follicle is determined where cubic-
shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet covering is seen
around ovocyte. Name this follicle:
A Primary
B Primordial
C Secondary
D Mature
E Atretic
38
While studing of the family tree with history of hypertrichosis (hyperhirsutism of the ear) this
sign was founded only in the men and it was inherited from father to the son. Define the type
of hypertrichosis inheritance?
A Connected with Y-chromosome
B Autosomal- recessive
C Autosomal-dominant
D Connected with Х-chromosome recessive
E Connected with Х-chromosome dominant
39
In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl her mother has found some white "worms" that
caused itch and anxiety in the child. The "worms" were sent to the laboratory. During
examination the physician saw white filiform helminths 0,5-1 cm long, with pointed ends,
some helminths had twisted ends. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Enterobiasis
B Diphyllobothriasis
C Teniasis
D Ascaridiasis

12. E Opisthorchiasis

13. 40
Part of the DNA chain turned about 180 degree due to gamma radiation. What type of
mutation took place in the DNA chain?
A Inversion
B Deletion
C Doubling
D Translocation
E Replication
41
46 chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5-year-old girl. One of the
15th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21
pair. What type of mutation does this girl have?
A Translocation
B Deletion
C Inversion
D Insufficiency
E Duplication
42
A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In
the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base
state caused these changes?
A Excretory alkalosis
B Gaseous alkalosis
C Gaseous acidosis
D Metabolic acidosis
E Excretory acidosis
43
Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon-intron-exon". This structure-functional organization of
gene caused transcription peculiarities. What will be pro-i-RNA according to the schema?
A Exon-intron-exon
B Exon-exon-intron
C Exon-exon
D Intron-exon
E Exon-intron
44
Medical examination at the military registration and enlistment office revealed that a 15-year-
old boy was high, with eunuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, female pattern of pubic
hair distribution. The boy had also fat deposits on the thighs, no facial hair, high voice,
subnormal intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease?
A 47, XXY
B 45, XO
C 46, XX
D 46, XY
E 47, XXX
45
RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse
transcriptase forced a cell to synthetize a viral DNA. This process is based upon: A
Reverse transcription
B Operon repression
C Reverse translation
D Operon depression

14. E Convariant replication

15. 46
According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was
established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain
would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
A Semiconservative
B Analogous
C Identical
D Dispersed
E Conservative
47
A teenager was irradiated with high radiation dose that resulted in serious damages of
lymphoid system, lysis of many lymphocytes. Restoration of normal hemogram is possible
due to the functioning of the following gland:
A Thymus
B Thyroid
C Liver
D Pancreas
E Adrenal
48
It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase
(RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of:
A DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
B Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
C DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
D Viral DNA on DNA matrix
E mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
49
A patient after pathological process has a thickened alveolar membrane. The direct
consequence of the process will be the reduction of:
A Diffuse lung capacity
B Oxygen capacity of blood
C Minute respiratory capacity
D Alveolar lung ventilation
E Reserve expiratiory capacity
50
Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microcephalia, cheiloschisis and
uranoschisis as well as hypertrophy of parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond
with the description of Patau's syndrome. What is the most probable cause of this pathology?
A Trisomy of the 13th chromosome
B Trisomy of the 18th chromosome
C Trisomy of the 21st chromosome
D Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
E Partial monosomy
51
An ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosin presents a follicle, where cells of follicular
epithelium are placed in 1-2 layers and have cubic form, there is a bright-red membrane
around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
B Primary

16. C Primordial

17. Secondary
C Mature
D Atretic
52
A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear
revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end
of body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear?
A Trichomonas vaginalis
B Trichomonas hominis
C Trichomonas buccalis
D Trypanosoma gambiense
E Lamblia intestinalis
53
During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had
asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis
should be made?
A Enterobiasis
B Ascariasis
C Amebiasis
D Trichocephalosis
E Ankylostomiasis
54
A woman delivered a dead child with multiple developmental defects. What protozoan
disease might have caused the intrauterine death?
A Toxoplasmosis
B Leishmaniasis
C Malaria
D Amebiasis
E Lambliasis
55
Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemotherapy that includes substances
with different mechanisms of action.What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of
RNA into DNA in mycobacteria?
A Rifampicin
B Isoniazid
C Streptomycin
D Ethionamide
E Para-aminosalicylic acid
56
A patient experienced a sudden temperature rise up to 39o
С. After 6 hours the temperature
normalized. On the 2-nd day the attack recurred: in the period of paroxysm the temperature
reached 41o
С, apyrexial period began after 8 hours. What type of
temperature profile is it?
A Intermitting
B Recurrent
C Hectic
D Septic

18. E Continued

19. 57
Larvae were detected occasionally on the microscopic examination of the sputum of the
patient with pneumonia. Eosinophiles were detected on the blood examination. What
helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
A Ascariasis
B Enterobiosis
C Trichocephaliasis
D Paragonimiasis
E Opistorchis
58
You are studying functioning of a bacteria operon. The operator gene has been released from
the repressor gene. Immediately after this the following process will start in the cell:
A Transcription
B Translation
C Replication
D Processing
E Repression
59
While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell
division was stopped in the following phase:
A Metaphase
B Prophase
C Interphase
D Anaphase
E Telophase
60
It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0
system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the
following variability form:
A Combinative
B Mutational
C Phenotypic
D Genocopy
E Phenocopy
61
A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal intubation revealed yellowish,
oval, narrowed at the poles eggs with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is the
smallest among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Opisthorchosis
B Teniasis
C Beef tapeworm infection
D Echinococcosis
E Diphyllobothriasis
62
A patient consulted an urologist about pain during urination. Analysis of his urine taken in the
daytime revealed eggs with a characteristic sharp point. It is known from the anamnesis that
the patient has recently returned from Australia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Urogenital schistosomiasis
B Intestinal schistosomiasis
C Japanese schistosomiasis
D Opisthorchiasis

20. E Dicroceliasis

21. 63
A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a troubled sleep, itching in the
perianal area. The provisional diagnosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it
is necessary to perform:
A Scraping from perianal folds
B Roentgenoscopy
C Biopsy of muscle tissue
D Immune diagnostics
E Duodenal contents analysis
64
The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous
fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organoid will take part at their utilization?
A Lysosomes
B Golgi complex
C Ribosome
D Endoplasmic reticulum
E Cells centre
65
In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with
bacteria phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these
bacteria?
A Lisosomes
B Mytochondrions
C Granular endoplasmic reticulum
D Golgi apparatus
E Ribosomes
66
A woman with ІІІ (B), Rh- blood group born a child with ІІ (A) blood group. The
child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility.
What blood group is the child's father likely to have?
A ІІ (A), Rh+
B I (0), Rh+
C III (B), Rh+
D I (0), Rh-
E II (A), Rh-
67
Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got face and eye-lid edemata,
gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed
full-blown eosinophilia. What helminth could the patient be infected with?
A Trichina
B Pinworm
C Ascarid
D Whipworm
E Hookworm
68
A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal disease was examined.
Examination of the stained specimen (Romanovsky's stain) revealed some crescent bodies
with pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoan were revealed in the

22. smears?

23. Toxoplasms
A Malarial plasmodiums
B Dermotropic leishmania
C Viscerotropic leishmania
D Trypanosomes
69
The guide of the scientific expedition in India was native who always was with his dog. What
invasive diseases can be transmitted by the dog if it is the source of invasion?
A Echinococcosis
B Teniasis
C Paragonimiasis
D Dicroceliasis
E Fascioliasis
70
A patient has acne on his face. Microspcopic examination of scrapings from the affected
areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short
extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
A Demodicosis
B Scabies
C Myiasis
D Pediculosis
E Phthiriasis
71
A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon.
Examination revealed that the child's erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify
genotypes of the child's parents:
A Аа х Аа
B Аа х аа
C АА х АА
D аа х аа
E Аа х АА
72
Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation
of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance
typical for?
A Tay-Sachs disease
B Gout
C Phenylketonuria
D Wilson disease
E Galactosemia
73
A 39-year-old woman has madescence in the region of mammilla, a small ulcer with
inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling
from this area revealed in the malpighian layer of thickened epidermis atypical cells with light
and optically empty cytoplasm, with no intracellular bridges. Such cells were also found in the
orifice of big mammal gland ducts. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Paget's disease
B Intraductal cancer
C Basal cell carcinoma
D Epidermoid cancer

24. E Melanocarcinoma

25. 74
Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule
with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
A Exocytosis
B Endocytosis
C Active transport
D Facilitated diffusion
E All answers are false
75
A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with
admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine
revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular
organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
A Balantidiasis
B Amebiasis
C Toxoplasmosis
D Lambliasis
E Trichomoniasis
76
A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has
roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed
limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?
A Karakurt spider
B Scorpion
C Solpuga
D Mite
E Tarantula
77
Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells'
chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
A 46
B 48
C 47
D 45
E 23
78
A man has worked in an African country for 3 years. A month after his return to Ukraine he
consulted an ophthalmologist and complained about eye ache, eyelid edema, lacrimation
and temporary visual impairment. Underneath the eye conjunctiva the doctor revealed
helminths 30-50 mm long with elongated filiform body. What diagnosis might be suspected?
A Filariasis
B Diphyllobothriasis
C Ascaridiasis
D Enterobiasis
E Trichocephaliasis
79
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it

26. monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this

27. phenomenon fall into?
A S
B Go
C G1
D G2
E M
80
A 28-year-old female patient consulted a gynecologist about sterility. Examination revealed
underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Analysis of the sex chromatin
revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is most likely?
A Triple X syndrome
B Edwards' syndrome
C Patau's syndrome
D Klinefelter's syndrome
E Turner's syndrome
81
A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits
chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
A Polyploidy
B Inversion
C Deletion
D Duplication
E Translocation
82
A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken
from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of
development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
A Immunosuppressors
B Chemotherapy
C Ultrasound
D Enzymes
E X-ray therapy
83
Following exposure to radiation a lot of mutant cells appeared in a patient. Some time later
most of them were detected and destroyed by the following cells of the immune system:
A T-lymphocytes-killers
B Plasmoblasts
C T-lymphocytes-supressors
D B-lymphocyte
E Stem cells
84
A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract
inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their
front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
A Urogenital trichomoniasis
B Lambliasis
C Intestinal trichomoniasis
D Toxoplasmosis

28. E Balantidiasis

29. 85
A boy has I (I^0I^0) blood group and his sister has IV (I^AI^B) blood group. What blood
groups do their parents have?
A II (IА
I0
) and III (IВ
I0
)
B II (IА
IА
) and III (IВ
I0
)
C I (I0
I0
) and IV (IA
IB
)
D III (IВ
I0
) and IV (IA
IB
)
E I (I0
I0
) and III (IВ
I0
)
86
For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal
stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What
transplantation type is it?
A Autotransplantation
B Allotransplantation
C Xenotransplantation
D Isotransplantation
E Heterotransplantation
87
An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors
diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl's state?
A Teratogenic
B Mutagenic
C Malignization
D Carcinogenic
E Mechanic
88
Sex chromosomes of a woman didn't separate and move to the opposite poles of a cell
during gametogenesis (meiosis). The ovum was impregnated with a normal spermatozoon.
Which chromosomal disease can be found in her child?
A Turner's syndrome
B Down's syndrome
C Patau's syndrome
D Edwards' syndrome
E Cat cry syndrome
89
Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of
tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason
for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed
in this case?
A Pleiotropy
B Complementary interaction
C Polymery
D Codominance
E Semidominance
90
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype
46 ХY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome -
47 ХХY. Such cell heterogenity is called:
A Mosaicism
B Inversion
C Transposition

30. D Duplication

31. E Monomorphism
91
As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy's parents are healthy but his
grandfather by his mother's side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease
inheritance is it?
A Recessive, sex-linked
B Dominant, sex-linked
C Autosomal recessive
D Autosomal dominant
E Semidominance
92
A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient's scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed
his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
A Wohlfahrt fly
B Kissing bug
C Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
D Malarial mosquito
E Mosquito
2.0 Нормальна анатомія
1
A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of while color and
5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal
folds achromic ovums of unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is
parasiting on the child?
A Enterobins vermicularis
B Ancylostoma duodenalis
C Trichuris
D Trichina
E Ascaris lumbricoides
2
A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache, pain in left
hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness began with the increase of
body temperature up to 39,9o
C. In 3 hours the temperature decreased and hydropoiesis
began. The attacks repeat rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African
country. The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics is
necessary to use?
A Blood examination
B Immunological tests
C Stool examination
D Examination of vaginal and urethral discharge
E Urine examination
3
Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns of length have been revealed in a man's feces.
The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed forward and
wide round shaped back end. On the forward end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are
two nucleuses and two short vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical?
A Balantidium
B Lamblia
C Dysenteric amoeba
D Trichomonas
E Intestinal amoeba

32. 4
A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the heart and joints and
pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of development of post-infarction Dressler’s
syndrome?
A Autoimmune inflammation
B Ischemia of myocardium
C Resorption of enzymes from necrotized area of myocardium
D Secondary infection
E Vessels ' thrombosis
5
During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus large arterial
(Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into lig. arteriosum after birth. What anatomical
formations does this duct connect between each other?
A Pulmonary trunk and aorta
B Right and left auricle
C Aorta and inferior vena cava
D Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
E Aorta and superior vena cava
6
Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the horizontal bar.
Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited pronation and adduction functions.
Sprain of what muscle is presented?
A М. latissimus dorsi
B М. levator scapulae
C М. romboideus major
D М. trapezius
E М. subscapularis
7
Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid
tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?
A Tonsilla pharyngea
B Tonsilla palatina
C Tonsilla lingualis
D Tonsilla tubaria
E All above mentioned tonsils
8
In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was
caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
A Sinister colic
B Median colic
C Dexter colic
D Ileocolic
E Superior mesenteric artery
9
Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of pelvis cavity are noticed on the
X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones?
A Iliac, pubic, sciatic
B Pubic, sciatic, femoral
C Sciatic, femoral, sacral

33. Iliac, sacral, coccyx
D Sacral, pubic, coccyx
10
A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures'
disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
A Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
B Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema
C Eustachian tube
D Muscles of middle ear
E Tympanic membrane
11
The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is 10 per/min, and the
tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead space ventilation?
A 2,0 L/min
B 0,7 L/min
C 1,0 L/min
D 4,3 L/min
E -
12
During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral
hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule.
Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?
A Tr. pyramidalis
B Tr. frontothalamicus
C Тr. thalamocorticalis
D Tr. frontopontinus
E Tr. parietooccipitopontinus
13
Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active centre of enzyme.
Name this factor:
A pH medium
B Pressure
C Temperature
D The presence of a competitive inhibitor
E The surplus of a product
14
Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate. Malonic acid
HOOC- CH2-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this enzyme. Choose the
inhibition type:
A Competitive
B Allosteric
C Non-competitive
D Limited proteolysis
E Dephosphorylation
15
The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical trainings .What
substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case:
A Lactate

34. B Pyruvate

35. Glucose
C Glutamate
D Alanine
16
A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of
abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?
A Antegastrial bursa
B Omental bursa
C Hepatic bursa
D Left mesenteric sinus
E Right mesenteric sinus
17
A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was
withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure
and weakness. What is the reason of this condition?
A Appearance of adrenal insufficiency
B Hyperproduction of ACTH
C Sensibilization
D Habituation
E Cumulation
18
A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent
claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?
A Popliteal artery
B Peroneal artery
C Posterior tibial artery
D Anterior tibial artery
E Proximal part of femoral artery
19
A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The
accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause it?
A Uroporphyrinogen 1
B Protoporphyrin
C Uroporphyrinogen 2
D Coproporphyrinogen 3
E Heme
20
A patient has a malignisation of thoracic part of esophagus. What lymphatic nodes are
regional for this organ?
A Anulus lymphaticus cardiae
B Nodi lymphatici paratrachealis
C Nodi lymphatici prevertebralis
D Nodi lymphatici pericardiales laterales
E Nodi lymphatici mediastinales posteriores
21
The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in the condition of
hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of consciousness at the heat stroke?
A Decreased brain blood supply

36. B Arterial pressure drop

37. Increased water loss through sweating
C Decrease of heart output
D Dilatation of peripheral vessels
22
A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR)
was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
A Polycytemia
B Hepatitis
C Splenomegaly
D Vitamin B deficiency
E Myocardial infarction
23
A 55-year-old patien was hospitalized in result of the trauma of the medial group of femoral
muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to do?
A Adduction of femur
B Abduction of femur
C Flexion of femur
D Extension of femur
E Suppination of femur
24
A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with undigested milk.
Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
A Esophageal atresia
B Labium leporium
C Faux lupinum
D Anal atresia
E Esophageal fistula
25
During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the
disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems
found?
A Descendent part
B Ascendant part
C Bulb
D Upper horizontal part
E Lower horizontal part
26
A 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding
trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injure of the mucous
layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary
between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
A Nasal limen
B Nasal roller
C Nasal septa
D Choanes
E Nostrils
27
A 32-year-old patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of Bartholin's
glands ). In what part of the female urogenital system are the Bartholin's glands located?

38. A The labia major
B The labia minor
C The clitoris
D The vagina
E The uterus
28
A 50 year-old patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the hospital. The place of
hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres surfaces during the medical
examination. What artety was injured ?
A The middle cerebral artery
B The anterior cerebral artery
C The posterior cerebral artery
D The anterior communicating artery
E The posterior communicating artery
29
A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery . What place on the
face has to be pressed to stop bleeding?
A The mandible’s edge
B The mental process
C The mandible’s branch
D The nose’s back
E The molar bone
30
A 19 year-old patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was hospitalized. The surgical
operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is to be performed. What artery must be fixed to
stop bleeding during the surgical operation?
A The ileocolic artery
B The colica dextra
C The colica media
D The colica sinistra
E The iliac
31
A 45-year-old man fell on the right knee and felt the acute pain in the joint. On examination:
severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee joint. Crunching sounds are heard while
moving the joint. Which bone is destroyed?
A Knee-cap
B Neck of the thigh bone
C Left epicondyle of the thigh
D Right epicondyle of the thigh
E Head of the thigh bone
32
During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year- old child her ligament was damaged
which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
A The head of the thigh
B Perpendicular of the acetabule
C Iliofemoral
D Pubofemoral
E Ischiofemoral

39. 33

40. A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues between tibia and
fibula . What kind of bone connection was injured?
A Membrane
B Suture
C Ligament
D Fontanel
E Gomphosis
34
Usually the intravenous injection is done into median cubital vein because it is slightly
movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What does it fix in the cubital fossa?
A Aponeurosis of biceps muscle
B Tendon of the triceps muscle
C Brachial muscle
D Brachioradial muscle
E Anconeus muscle
35
Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can
be damaged in this trauma?
A Ulnar
B Radial
C Musculocutaneous nerve
D Cardiac cutaneous nerve
E Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
36
A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal
region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and
esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to be?
A Vena porta
B Aorta abdominalis
C Vena hepatica
D Vena cava superior
E Vena cava inferior
37
Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag, the child often has
pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure of ductus arteriosus.
Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the intercommunication of the following vessels:
A Aorta and pulmonary trunk
B Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
C Superior cava and aorta
D Superior cava and pulmonary trunk
E Aorta and pulmonary veins
38
A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department with diagnosis -
suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease started from the inflammation of the
nasopharynx. Through the what canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the
tympanic cavity?
A Musculortubal canal
B Tympanic Canaliculus tympanicus
C Carotid canal
D Canaliculus chordal tympani

41. E Canaliculi caroticotympanici

42. 39
Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation
of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the
sockets through?
A Posterior
B Anterior
C Medial
D Lateral
E Superior
40
A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive
sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her
serum?
A Thyroxine
B Cortisol
C Mineralocorticoids
D ACTH
E Insulin
41
A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke. What changes in
patient’s behavior may be expected?
A The rejection of food
B Aggressive behaviour
C Depression
D Thirst
E Unsatisfied hunger
42
The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The
determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?
A Rest potential of cardiomyocytes
B Heart temperature
C Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels
D Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
E Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels
43
It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of
brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between the arches of the lumbar vertebras.
During the puncture the needle went through the following ligament:
A Yellow (flaval)
B Iliolumbar
C Anterior longitudinal
D Posterior longitudinal
E Intertransverse
44
Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main
four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:
A Dihydrouracil
B Uracil

43. C Cysteine

44. Adenine
D Cytosine
45
Obturative jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of malignant tumour of the
big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is squeezed with tumour? A
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
B Cystic duct
C Common hepatic duct
D Right hepatic duct
E Left hepatic duct
46
The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extention of subcutaneous
venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper
extremities. What venous trunk is pressed with tumour?
A Superior vena cava
B External jugular vein
C Clavicular vein
D Internal jugular vein
E Frontal jugular vein
47
A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes of blood count:
erythrocytes - 4,0*1012
/l, Нb - 120 g/l, color index - 0,9, leukocytes – 18*109
/l,
basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20,
segmentonuclear neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear
shift of leukocytic formula called?
A Degenerative left shift
B Right shift
C Regenerative left shift
D Hyperregenerative
E Regeneratively-degenerative
48
Patient complains of frequent and difficult urination. Imperfection of what formation can cause
it?
A Prostate
B Testicles
C Bulb-uretic glands
D Testicle adnexa
E Sperm bubbles
49
Child inspired button. Where is it likely to be?
A In the right main bronchus
B In the left main bronchus
C In the trachea
D In the larynx
E In the gullet
50
Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes
insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain.
Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause this symptoms?

45. Hypothalamus
A Cerebral peduncles (cruces cerebri)
B Mesencephalic tegmentum
C Pons cerebelli
D Medulla
51
A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He
was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of
glucocorticoids caused this complication?
A Immunosuppressive
B Anti-inflammatory
C Antishock
D Antiallergic
E Antitoxic
52
A 45-year-old man with domestic apper arm injuiry came to the trauma unit. The objective
data are: there are no extension, adduction or pronation functions of the arm. What muscle
damage caused this condition?
A Teres major
B Subscapular
C Teres minor
D Subspinous
E Supraspinous
53
A man with internal abdominal right side injury and suspicion of liver rupture was admitted to
the traumatological department. In what peritonial structure will blood accumulate?
A Excavatio rectovesicalis
B Bursa omentalis
C Recessus intersigmoideus
D Fossa ischio-analis
E Recessus duodenalis inferior
54
A histological spacemen presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and medulla. Cortex
consists of epitheliocytes bars with blood capillaries between them; the bars form three
zones. Medulla consists of chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. Which organ has these
morphological features?
A Adrenal gland
B Kidney
C Lymph node
D Thymus
E Thyroid
55
After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the
surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically
changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped with
restoration of bloodstream?
A Arcus palmaris profundus
B Arcus palmaris superficialis
C Aa. digitales palmares communes
D Aa. metacarpeae palmares

46. E Aa. perforantes

47. 56
A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic shoulder trauma.
Objectively: flexibility, reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What
muscle was injured?
A Teres major muscle
B Subscapular muscle
C Teres minor muscle
D Infraspinous muscle
E Supraspinous muscle
57
Ovarian tumour was diagnozed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What ligament should
be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the uterus?
A The ovarial ligament
B Broad ligament of uterus
C Lateral umbilical ligament
D Suspensory ligament of ovary
E Round ligament of uterus
58
An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements
in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?
A The neck of the thigh
B The body of the thigh bone
C Condyle of the thigh
D Pubic bone
E Ischial bone
59
A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting from a blunt
abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:
A Rectouterine pouch
B Vesicouterine pouch
C Right mesenteric sinus
D Omental bursa
E Left mesenteric sinus
60
A patient complains about edemata of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on one side of the
lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged veins, formation of nodes. The
pathological process has started in the following vein:
A V. saphena parva
B V. saphena magna
C V. femoralis
D V. profunda femoris
E V. iliaca externa
61
A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by
disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
A Obturator
B Femoral
C External iliac

48. D Inferior gluteal

49. E Internal pudendal
62
A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of
the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:
A Uterine and ovarian
B Superior cystic and ovarian
C Inferior cystic and ovarian
D Uterine and superior cystic
E Uterine and inferior cystic
63
A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes
associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have
caused such changes?
A The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
B It's the effect of bronchitis
C It is caused by abnormal position
D It is caused by thymus inflammation
E It is caused by neoplastic process
64
A 7-year-old child can't abduct the shoulder, raise it to the horizontal level. He can raise the
hand to the face only with dorsal side with abduction of the shoulder (with help of
supraspinous muscle ) - "bugler" arm. Active function of what muscle is absent?
A Deltoid
B Infraspinous
C Pectoral major
D Teres minor
E Teres major
65
A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase
deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia
development?
A Anaerobic glycolysis
B Oxidative phosphorylation
C Tissue respiration
D Peroxide decomposition
E Aminoacids desamination
66
A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the
metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles'
function is impaired?
A Interosseous muscles
B Lumbrical muscles
C Breviflexors of fingers
D Long flexors of fingers
E Extensors
67
A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department with complaints of abrupt sharp
pain in the epigastric region. After examination it was diagnosed: perforated ulcer of the
posterior wall of the stomach. Where did content of the stomach flow out while perforation?

50. A To the omental bursa
B To the liver bursa
C To the proventriculus sack
D To the left mesenteric sinus
E To the right mesenteric sinus
68
A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated
pupil, not reacting on the light were revealed on examination. Function of what muscles is
disturbed?
A Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
B Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary C
Inferior oblique muscle, ciliary
D Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
E Pupil narrowing and dilating muscle
69
Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form
motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?
A Proper nucleus of the anterior horn
B Thoracic nucleus
C Intermediate lateral nucleus
D Proper nucleus of the posterior horn
E Proper nucleus of gray substance
70
A man with cut wound of his right foot sole was admitted to the hospital ward. The patient has
limited elevation of the lateral foot edge. In course of wound management the injury of a
muscle tendon was revealed. What muscle is injured?
A Long peroneal
B Anterior tibial
C Long extensor muscle of toes
D Triceps muscle of crus
E Short peroneal
71
A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology
department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II–V
fingers don't bend. What muscles are damaged?
A Superficial finger flexor
B Profound finger flexor
C Lumbrical muscles
D Palmar interosseous muscles
E Dorsal interosseous muscles
72
A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his
right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on
the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
A Long flexor muscle of thumb
B Short flexor muscle of thumb
C Short abductor muscle of thumb
D Opposer muscle of thumb
E Abductor muscle of thumb

51. 73
A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus
extension in the knee joint. What muscle's function is disturbed?
A Quadriceps muscle of thigh
B Biceps muscle of thigh
C Triceps muscle of thigh
D Semitendinous muscle
E Semimembranous muscle
74
In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low
epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this
organ:
A Minor bronchs
B Trachea
C Larynx
D Major bronchs
E Median bronchs
75
Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be
inserted?
A To the left venous corner
B To the right venous corner
C To the superior vena cava
D To the inferior vena cava
E To the left inguinal vein
76
A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common
synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient's anamnesis that he got a stab
wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
A Digitus minimus
B Pollex
C Digitus medius
D Index
E Digitus anularis
77
An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of
bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which
vertebra is it?
A VI
B V
C IV
D III
E II
78
As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of the anterior crus
surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be
disturbed?
A M.tibialis anterior
B M.flexor digitorum longus
C M.flexor hallucis longus
D M.peroneus longus

52. E M.peroneus brevis

53. 79
A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual
impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed
with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?
A Catecholamines
B Aldosterone
C Glucocorticoids
D ACTH
E Thyroidal hormones
80
A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of
affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop
bleeding?
A Lingual artery
B Dorsal lingual artery
C Deep lingual artery
D Facial artery
E Ascending pharyngeal artery
81
A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine -
oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
A Decreased glomerular filtration
B Decreased number of functioning glomerules
C Drop of oncotic blood pressure
D Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars
E Reduced permeamility of renal filter
82
An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the
traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of
the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis
might have been damaged in this region?
A a. carotis externa et a. carotis interna
B a. carotis externa et a. subclavia
C a. carotis interna et a. subclavia
D a. subclavia et a. ophthalmica
E a. carotis interna et a. ophthalmica
83
After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed
hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into
the middle ear?
A Through the auditory tube
B Through foramen jugularis
C Through canalis caroticus
D Through atrium mastoideum
E Through canalis nasolacrimalis
84
A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention on account of
concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:
A Hepatoduodenal ligament

54. Hepatogastric ligament
B Hepatorenal ligament
C Round ligament of liver
D Venous ligament
85
Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in
removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
A Glutamic
B Tyrosine
C Valine
D Tryptophan
E Lisine
86
A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body
temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made.
What anatomic formation was puncturated?
A Spatium subarachnoideum
B Spatium subdurale
C Spatium epidurale
D Cavum trigeminale
E Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
87
After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb the lower extremity
is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in
reestablishment of blood flow:
A Deep femoral artery
B Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone
C Descending genicular artery
D Superficial epigastric artery
E Deep external pudendal artery
88
A patient's knee joint doesn't extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior
femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?
A Femoral nerve
B Superior gluteal nerve
C Big fibular nerve
D Obturator nerve
E Inferior gluteal nerve
89
The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has exposed afferent glomerular arteriole,
which has giant cells under its endothelium, containing secretory granules. Name the type of
these cells:
A Juxtaglomerular
B Mesangial
C Smoothmuscular
D Juxtavascular
E Interstitial
90

55. A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his

56. breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in
the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?
A Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles
B Left atrium
C Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles
D Right atrium
E Right atrioventricular valve
91
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel's
diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in
course of an operation?
A Ileum
B Duodenum
C Jejunum
D Caecum
E Colon ascendens
92
Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior
surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
A Hypospadia
B Hermaphroditism
C Epispadia
D Monorchism
E Cryptorchism
93
A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (long-term retention of
food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify
localization of the tumour:
A Pars superior
B Pars inferior
C Pars descendens
D Pars ascendens
E Flexura duodeni inferior
94
A man after 1,5 litre blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of
what hormone caused such diuresis alteration?
A Vasopressin
B Corticotropin
C Natriuretic
D Cortisol
E Parathormone
95
A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of his external
genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out of this opening. What anomaly
of external genitals development is the case?
A Epispadia
B Phimosis
C Hermaphroditism
D Paraphimosis

57. E Hypospadia

58. 96
A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and
loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers
mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these
receptors situated?
A Superior nasal turbinate
B Median nasal turbinate
C Inferior nasal turbinate
D Common nasal meatus
E Vestibule of nose
97
Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an
intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take
place?
A Parametrium
B Mesometrium
C Myometrium
D Endometrium
E Perimetrium
98
In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary
bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a
lung was removed?
A Bronchopulmonary segment
B Middle lobe
C Inferior lobe
D Superior lobe
E Pulmonary lobule
99
While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the
border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue. What papillae are inflamed?
A Papillae vallatae
B Papillae fungiformes
C Papillae foliatae
D Papillae filiformes
E Papillae conicae
100
Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the
infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?
A To the orbit
B To the interpterygoid space
C To the frontal sinus
D To the subgaleal temporal space
E To the tympanic cavity
101
During complicated labour the symphysis pubis ruptured. What organ can be damaged
mostly?
A Urinary blader
B Rectum
C Ovaria

59. Uterine tubes
D Uterus
102
A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the
stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
A Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
B Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
C Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
D Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
E Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
103
Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior
temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?
A Middle cerebral artery
B Anterior cerebral artery
C Posterior cerebral artery
D Anterior communicating artery
E Basilar artery
104
A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process during shaving. Two
days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How
did the infection penetrate into the cavity of skull?
A V.emissariaе mastoideaе
B V.v.labyrinthi
C V.v.tympanicae
D V.facialis
E V.v.auriculares
105
The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis
diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?
A L III-L IV
B L II-L III
C L I-L II
D Th XII-L I
E L V-S I
106
While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers' pressure was measured. In
one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What
chamber of heart was it?
A Left ventricle
B Right ventricle
C Right atrium
D Left atrium
E -
107
Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn't spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs.
How can this recoil be reduced?
A By surfactant introduction
B By pure oxygene inhalation

60. By artificial pulmonary ventilation
C By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
D By glycose introduction
108
Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin on
the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the most likely localization of the primary
tumour:
A Mammary gland
B Submandibular salivary gland
C Lung
D Stomach
E Thyroid gland
109
A man suffering from osteochondrosis got acute pain in the abdominal muscles (lateral and
anterior). During objective examination a physician diagnosticated increased pain sensitivity of
skin in the hypogastric region. This pain might be caused by affection of the following nerve:
A Iliohypogastric
B Sciatic
C Obturator
D Femoral
E Genitofemoral
110
A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that
became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by
damage of the following nerve:
A Axillary nerve
B Subscapular nerve
C Dorsal scapular nerve
D Subclavicular nerve
E Throracodorsal nerve
111
Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor calyces only (major calyces
were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a kidney was revealed?
A Embryonal
B Fetal
C Mature
D Ampullar
E -
112
A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third.
What muscle might be injured?
A Triceps muscle of arm
B Biceps muscle of arm
C Anconeus muscle
D Brachial muscle
E Coracobrachial muscle
113

61. A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperior area of his thigh

62. and his foot's thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory
process?
A Superficial inguinal
B Deep inguinal
C Internal longitudinal
D Superficial longitudinal
E General longitudinal
114
A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus.
Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?
A n.abducens
B n.facialis
C n.trigeminus
D n.trochlearis
E n.aculomotorius
115
In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the
lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum formation is most likely to be injured?
A Ligamentum hepatogastricum
B Ligamentum gastrocolicum
C Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale
D Ligamentum hepatorenale
E Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum
116
After a trauma a patient lost ability of elbow extension. This might have been caused by
dysfunction of the following main muscle:
A m. triceps brachii
B m. subscapularis
C m. teres major
D m. infraspinatus
E m. levator scapulae
117
A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra. As a result
he has a considerable increase in curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Which ligament damage
can induce such changes in the spine curvature?
A Anterior longitudinal ligament
B Posterior longitudinal ligament
C Yellow ligament
D Iliolumbar ligament
E Interspinous ligament
118
After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful
movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral
cortex:
A Gyrus supramarginalis
B Gyrus angularis
C Gyrus paracentralis
D Gyrus lingualis

63. E Gyrus parahippocampalis

64. 119
A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile
sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged? A
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
B Anterior spinocerebellar tract
C Rubrospinal tract
D Reticulospinal tract
E Tectospinal tract
120
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of
mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally
situated in this area?
A Tonsilla palatina
B Tonsilla pharyngealis
C Tonsilla tubaria
D Tonsilla lingualis
E -
121
While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an
arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
A A.axillaris
B A.vertebralis
C A.transversa colli
D A.profunda brachii
E A.subscapularis
122
Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of
inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
A Colon sigmoideum
B Ileum
C Caecum
D Colon transversum
E Colon ascendens
123
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation
the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms
this wall?
A Transverse fascia
B Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
C Inguinal ligament
D Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
E Peritoneum
124
A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation
department. What muscle occupies this area?
A M.trapezius
B M.sternocleidomastoideus
C M.latissimus dorsi
D M.rhomboideus minor

65. E M.scalenus anterior

66. 125
A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
A Vestibulocochlear
B Trigeminus
C Sublingual
D Vagus
E Trochlear
126
While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node
in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:
A Parasternal
B Posterior mediastinal
C Profound lateral cervical
D Bronchopulmonary
E Superior diaphragmal
127
A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head
muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
A Inferior part of precentral gyrus
B Superior part of precentral gyrus
C Supramarginal gyrus
D Superior parietal lobule
E Angular gyrus
128
Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of the occipital fontanelle.
When should it normally close?
A Until 3 months
B Before the child is born
C Until 6 months
D Until the end of the first year of life
E Until the end of the second year of life
129
A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is
inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
A Tr. cortico-nuclearis
B Tr. cortico-spinalis
C Tr. cortico-thalamicus
D Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
E Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
130
A patient has lost skin sensitivity in the region of the medial surface of his shoulder. This is
the result of dysfunction of the following nerve:
A Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
B Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
C Radial nerve
D Ulnar nerve
E Axillary nerve

67. 131

68. A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of
the right lung won't be supplied with air?
A Apical, posterior, anterior
B Superior and inferior lingular
C Apical and posterior basal
D Apical and median basal
E Medial and lateral
132
A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In
which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
A Large lips of pudendum
B Small lips of pudendum
C Clitoris
D Vagina
E Uterus
133
While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the
canal's contents. What exactly was damaged?
A Funiculus spermaticus
B Urarchus
C Lig. teres uteri
D Lig. inguinalе
E -
134
Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused
alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
A Recurrent laryngeal
B Diaphragmatic
C Superior laryngeal
D Mandibular
E Sublingual
135
Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening
of interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is
dangerous to be damaged?
A Jugular venous arch
B External jugular vein
C Subclavicular vein
D Inferior thyroid arthery
E Superior thyroid arthery
136
In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What
formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
A Ureter
B Uterine tube
C Round ligament of uterus
D Internal iliac vein
E Urethra

69. 137

70. An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating wound in the left lateral
region of abdomen. What part of the large intestine is most likely damaged?
A Colon descendens
B Colon ascendens
C Colon transverses
D Caecum
E Rectum
138
After a road accident a driver was delivered to the hospital with an injury of the medial
epicondyle of humerus. What nerve might be damaged in this case?
A n. Ulnaris
B n. radialis
C n. axillaris
D n. muscolocutaneus
E n. medianus
139
A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In
course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife
injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?
A Greater psoas muscle
B Iliac muscle
C Erector muscle of spine
D Abdominal internal oblique muscle
E Abdominal external oblique muscle
140
A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of
chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What
chest type is it?
A Keeled chest
B Funnel chest
C Flat chest
D Cylindrical chest
E Barrel chest
141
A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination
revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm aside from his body. What nerve is most
probably damaged?
A N.axillaris
B N.medianus
C N.radialis
D N.ulnaris
E N.subclavius
142
Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain
isdamaged?
A Midbrain
B Medulla oblongata
C Cerebellum
D Interbrain

71. E Pons cerebelli

72. 3.0 Гістологія
1
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous
membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic
stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
A Delayed type hypersensitivity
B Cytotoxic
C Immunocomplex
D Anaphylactic
E Stimulating
2
An electronic microphotograph shows a macrophagic cell with erythrocytes at different stages
of differentiation located along its processes. This is the cell of the following organ:
A Red bone marrow
B Thymus
C Spleen
D Tonsil
E Lymph node
3
Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function.
Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
A Intercellular substance
B Vessels of microcircular stream
C Nerve elements
D Parenchymatous elements of the organ
E Lymphatic vessels
4
A patient has undergone an amputation of lower extremity. Some time later painful nodules
appeared in a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out at the microscopic
examination. To what pathological processes do those formations relate?
A Regeneration
B Dystrophy
C Inflammation
D Hyperemia
E Metaplasia
5
A 22-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of heavy nasal breathing.
During the examination of her nasal cavity the doctors found thickened mucous membrane, a
lot of mucus and nodular infiltrates without erosions in the nose.The nasal rhinoscleroma was
diagnosed. The biopsy was taken. What typical morphological changes may be found?
A Granulomas with Mikulicz’s cells
B Granulomas with Virchow’s cells
C Granulomas with Langhan’s cells
D Granulomas with foreign body cells
E Interstitial inflammation
6
Lung of premature infant is presented on electronic photomicrography of biopsy material.
Collapse of the alveolar wall caused by the deficiency of surfactant was revealed. Disfunction
of what cells of the alveolar wall caused it?

73. A Alveocytes type II
B Alveocytes type I
C Alveolar macrophages
B Secretory cells
C Fibroblasts
7
During histological examination of the stomach it was found out that glands contain very
small amount of pariental cells or they are totally absent. Mucose membrane of what part of
the stomach was studied?
A Pyloric part
B Fundus of stomach
C Cardiak part
D Body of stomach
E -
8
Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective
tissue can be expected?
A Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
B Macrophages and fibroblasts
C Pigmentocytes and pericytes
D Adipocytes and adventitious cells
E Fibroblasts and labrocytes
9
In the blood of a 26-year-old man it was revealed 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical,
ball-shaped, flat and thorn-like shape. Other eritrocytes were in the form of the concavo-
concave disks. How is such phenomenon called?
A Physiological poikilocytosis
B Pathological poikilocytosis
C Physiological anisocytosis
D Pathological anisocytosis
E Erytrocytosis
10
When the pH level of the stomach lumen decreases to less than 3, the antrum of the stomach
releases peptide that acts in paracrine fashion to inhibit gastrin release. This peptide is:
A GIF
B Acetylcholine
C Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)
D Somatostatin
E Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
11
A 50-year-old male farm worker has been brought to the emergency room. He was found
confused in the orchard and since then has remained unconscious. His heart rate is 45 and
his blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. He is sweating and salivating profusely. Which of the
following should be prescribed?
A Atropine
B Norepinephrine
C Proserine
D Physostigmine

74. E Pentamine

75. 12
A 13-year-old girl with history of asthma complained of cough, dyspnea and wheezing. Her
symptoms became so severe that her parents brought her to the emergency room. Physical
examination revealed diaphoresis, dyspnea, tachycardia and tachypnea. Her respiratory rate
was 42/min, pulse rate was 110 beats per minute, and blood pressure was 130/70 mm Hg.
Choose from the following list the most appropriate drug to reverse the bronchoconstriction
rapidly:
A Salbutamol
B Cromolyn
C Beclomethasone
D Methylprednidsolone
E Ipratropium
13
A doctor administered Allopurinol to a 26-year-old young man with the symptoms of gout.
What pharmacological action of Allopurinol ensures therapeutical effect?
A By inhibiting uric acid synthesis
B By increasing uric acid excretion
C By inhibiting leucocyte migration into the joint
D By general anti-inflammatory effect
E By general analgetic effect
14
The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40 year-old patient with opened
fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism.
A Fat
B Thrombus-embolus
C Air
D Tissue
E Foreign body
15
Hypertrychosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized in Y-chromosome. Father has
this feature. What is the probability to give birth to a boy with such anomaly?
A 100%
B 0%
C 25%
D 35%
E 75%
16
On autopsy a 35-year-old man the focus of carnification 5 cm in diametre enclosed in a thin
capsule was revealed in the second segment of the right lung . The focus consists of a tough
dry friable tissue with a dim surface. For what disease are these morphological changes
typical?
A Tuberculoma
B Lung cancer
C Chondroma
D Tumorous form of silicosis
E Postinflammatory pneumosclerosis
17
In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through
the walls of which mature blood cells penetrated. What type of capillares is it?
A Sinusoidal
B Fenestrational

76. C Somatical

77. Visceral
D Lymphatic
18
M-r S presents all signs of the hepatic coma: loss of consciousness, absence of reflexes,
cramps, convulsion, disorder of heart activity, recurrent (periodical) respiration. What are
cerebrotoxical substances which accumulate in blood under hepar insufficiency?
A Ammonia
B IL-1
C Autoantibody
D Necrosogenic substances
E Ketonic body
19
Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiacvascular collapse revealed "tiger heart".
Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull,
dark-yellow. What process caused this pathology?
A Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
B Carbohydrate degeneration
C Hyaline degeneration
D Fatty vascular -stromal degeneration
E Amyloidosis
20
The low specific gravity of the secondary urine (1002) was found out in the sick person. Wat is
the most distant part of nephron where concentration of secondary urine takes place?
A In the collecting duck
B In the nephron’s glomerulus
C In proximal tubule of nephron
D In ascending part of loop of Henle
E In distal tubule of nephron
21
Blood sampling for bulk analysis is recommended to be performed on an empty stomack and
in the morning. What changes in blood composition can occur if to perform blood sampling
after food intake?
A Increased contents of leukocytes
B Increased contents of erythrocytes
C Increased plasma proteins
D Reduced contents of thrombocytes
E Reduced contents of erythrocytes
22
Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avitominosis. This disease
declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival
hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitiminosis?
A Scurvy
B Pellagra
C Rachitis
D Polyneuritis (beriberi)
E Biermer's anemia
23
A histological specimen presents a receptor zone of a sensoepithelial sense organ. Cells of

78. this zone are placed upon the basal membrane and include the following types: external and

79. internal receptor cells, external and internal phalangeal cell, stem cells, external limiting cells
and external supporting cell. The described receptor zone belongs to the following sense
organ:
A Acoustic organ
B Visual organ
C Gustatory organ
D Equilibrium organ
E Olfactory organ
24
A patient died 3 days after the operation because of perforated colon with manifestations of
diffuse purulent peritonitis. The autopsy revealed: colon mucos membrane was thickened
and covered with a fibrin film, isolated ulcers penetrated at different depth. The histology
result: mucous membrane necrosis, leukocytes infiltration with hemorrhages focuses. What
disease complication caused the patient's death?
A Dysentery
B Typhoid
C Nonspecific ulcerative colitis
D Crohn's disease
E Amebiasis
25
A patient was admitted to the hospital with an asphyxia attack provoked by a spasm of smooth
muscles of the respiratory tracts. This attack was mainly caused by alterations in the
following parts of the airways:
A Small bronchi
B Median bronchi
C Large bronchi
D Terminal bronchioles
E Respiratory part
26
The increased intraocular tension is observed in the patient with glaucoma.Secretion of aqueous
humor by the ciliar body is normal. Injury of what structure of the eyeball wall caused
the disorder of flow-out from the anterior chamber?
A Venous sinus
B Ciliar body
C Choroid
D Ciliary muscle
E Back epithelium of cornea
27
Examination of a 43 y.o. patient revealed that his stomach has difficulties with digestion of
protein food. Gastric juice analysis revealed low acidity. Function of which gastric cells is
disturbed in this case?
A Parietal exocrinocytes
B Main exocrinocytes
C Mucous cells (mucocytes)
D Endocrinous cells
E Cervical mucocytes
28
A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of
one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?
A Fascial
B Glomerular

80. Reticular
C Glomerular and reticular
D -
29
Low level of albumins and fibrinogen was detected in the patient's blood. Decreased activity
of what organelle of the liver hepatocytes can cause it?
A Granular endoplasmatic net
B Agranular endoplasmatic net
C Mitochondrions
D Golgi complex
E Lysosomes
30
In a histological specimen parenchyma of an organ is represented by lymphoid tissue that
forms lymph nodes; the latter are arranged in a diffuse manner and enclose a central artery.
What anatomic formation has such morphological structure?
A Spleen
B Tonsil
C Lymph node
D Thymus
E Red bone marrow
31
A histological specimen of a kidney shows a part of the distal tubule going between the
afferent and efferent arteriole. The cells building the tubule wall have dense nuclei; basal
membrane is absent. Such structural formation is called:
A Macula densa
B Juxtaglomerular cells
C Mesangial cells
D Juxtavascular cells
E -
32
Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological
department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration
of the muscle function possible?
A Satellite-cells
B Myoblasts
C Myofibroblasts
D Fibroblasts
E Myoepithelial cells
33
In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way
destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be
inhibited?
A Of macrophags
B Of fibroblasts
C Of pigment cells
D Of lipocytes
E Of pericytes
34

81. Histological examination of a 40 y.o. man's thymus revealed decreased share of

82. parenchymatous gland elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue,
its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ's mass was unchanged. What phenomenon is
it?
A Age involution
B Accidental involution
C Hypotrophy
D Dystrophy
E Atrophy
35
A histological specimen shows a blood vessel. Its inner coat is composed by endothelium,
subendothelium and internal elastic membrane. The middle coat is enriched with smooth
myocytes. Such morphological characteristics are typical for the following vessel:
A Muscular-type artery
B Elastic-type artery
C Capillary
D Non-muscular vein
E Muscular-type vein
36
In course of indirect histogenesis of tubular bone tissue a plate is formed between
epiphyseal and diaphyseal ossification centres that provides further lengthwise growth of
bones. What structure is it?
A Metaphyseal plate
B Osseous cuff
C Osseous plate
D Osteon
E Layer of interior general plates
37
A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which results in hemorrhagic syndrome.
What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?
A Vitamin K insufficiency
B Activation of tissue thromboplastin
C PP hypovitaminosis
D Fibrinogen deficiency
E Hypocalcemia
38
Histological specimen presents a vessel the wall of which consists of endothelium, basal
membrane and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
A Vein of non-muscular type
B Artery
C Vein of muscular type
D Hemocapillary
E Lymphocapillary
39
A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency. The histological examination of his heart
revealed the necrotized section in myocardium of the left ventricle, which was separated from
undamaged tissue by the zone of hyperimic vessels, small hemorrhages and leukocytic
infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Myocardial infarction
B Myocardial ischemic dystrophy
C Focal exudate myocarditis

83. D Diffuse exudate myocarditis

84. E Productive myocarditis
40
Vitamin A deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the
above-mentioned photoreceptor function:
A Rod receptor cell
B Horizontal neurocytes
C Cone receptor cells
D Bipolar neurons
E Ganglion neurocytes
41
Kidneys of a man under examination show increased resorbtion of calcium ions and
decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?
A Parathormone
B Thyrocalcitonin
C Hormonal form D3
D Aldosterone
E Vasopressin
42
During pubescence the cells of male sexual glands begin to produce male sex hormon
testosterone that calls forth secondary sexual characters. What cells of male sexual glands
produce this hormone?
A Leidig cells
B Sustentocytes
C Sertoli's cells
D Supporting cells
E Spermatozoa
43
The specimens present sections of haemopoetic and immunogenetic organs. Organ has
lymph tissue forming different structures (lymph nodes,lobules, bars). In what organ does
antigen-independent proliferation and differantiation take place?
A Thymus
B Lymphatic nodes
C Spleen
D Hemolymph nodes
E Tonsil
44
A patient with thrombophlebitis of lower extremities had got chest pains, blood spitting,
growing respiratory failure that caused his death. Autopsy revealed multiple pulmonary
infarctions. What is the most probable reason of their development?
A Pulmonary artery embolism
B Pulmonary artery thrombosis
C Bronchial artery thrombosis
D Bronchial artery embolism
E Pulmonary venous thrombosis
45
A patient complains of dryness of head skin, itching, fragility and loss of hair. After
examination he was diagnosed with seborrhea. Disturbed activity of which cells caused this
condition?
A Cells of sebaceous glands

85. Cells of sudoriferous glands
B Epithelial cells
C Adipocytes
D Melanocytes
46
A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides
into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?
A Pseudounipolar
B Unipolar
C Bipolar
D Multipolar
E Apolar
47
An embryo displays disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite
formation. What part of skin will have developmental abnormalities?
A Derma
B Hair
C Sebaceous glands
D Epidermis
E Sudoriferous glands
48
An electron microphotography of a fragment of proper gastric gland shows a big irregular
round-shaped cell. There are a lot of intracellular tubules and mitochondria in the cytoplasm.
Specify this cell:
A Parietal cell
B Principal cell
C Undifferentiated cell
D Mucous cell
E Endocrine cell
49
A scheme presents an exocrinous gland that has unbranched excretory duct with a terminal
part in form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the
morphological classification of exocrinous glands?
A Simple unbranched alveolar
B Compound branched alveolar
C Simple branched tubular
D Compound unbranched alveolar
E Compound unbranched alveolar tubular
50
Roentgenological examination of skull base bones revealed enlargement of sellar cavity,
thinning of anterior clinoid processes, destruction of different parts, destruction of different
parts of sella turcica. Such bone destruction might be caused by a tumour of the following
wndocrinous gland:
A Hypophysis
B Epiphysis
C Thymus gland
D Adrenal glands
E Thyroid gland

86. 51

87. Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole's wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm
has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What
is the main function of this
cell? A It produces surfactant
B It is a component of blood-air barrier
C It warms the air
D It purifies the air
E It absorbs microorganisms
52
A pathological process in bronchi resulted in epithelium desquamation. What cells will
regenerate bronchial epithelium?
A Basal
B Intercalary
C Ciliate
D Endocrinal
E Goblet
53
A viral infection has damaged cells that form walls of bile capillaries. This stimulated conditions
for inflow of bile into the blood of sinusoidal capillaries. What cells are damaged?
A Hepatocytes
B Kupffer's cells
C Ito cells
D Pit-cells
E Endotheliocytes
54
A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and
subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the
layers of spleen connective tissue. What vessel is it?
A Vein of non-muscular type
B Vein of muscular type
C Artery of muscular type
D Arteriole
E Capillary
55
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely
inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
A Smooth muscular tissue
B Neural muscular tissue
C Epidermal muscular tissue
D Cardiac muscular tissue
E Skeletal muscular tissue
56
A patient ill with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal
decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:
A Parietal exocrinocytes
B Chief exocrinocytes
C Endocrinocytes
D Cervical cells

88. E Accessory cells

89. 57
Ultramicroscopical examination of "dark" hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected
a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these
cells?
A Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
B Carbohydrate synthesis
C Deintoxicative function
D Bile production
E Calcium ion depositing
58
An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under
morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and
chromophobic. Identify this organ:
A Hypophysis
B Adrenal glands
C Hypothalamus
D Thyroid gland
E Parathyroid gland
59
A histological specimen presents an artery. One of the membranes of its wall has flat cells
lying on the basal membrane. What type of cells is it?
A Endothelium
B Mesothelium
C Smooth myocytes
D Fibroblasts
E Macrophages
60
One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among
them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What
section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
A Cortex of cerebrum
B Spinal cord
C Cerebellum
D Medulla oblongata
E Hypothalamus
61
Study of fingerprints (dactylography) is used by criminalists for personal identification as well
as for diagnostics of genetic abnormalities, particularly Dawn's disease. What layer of skin
determines individuality of fingerprints?
A Dermopapillary
B Horny
C Reticular
D Clear (stratum lucidum epidermidis)
E Basal
62
A microspecimen of the submandibular salivary gland shows some basket-shaped cells
concentrated around the acines and excretory ducts. These cells surround bases of the
serous cells and are called myoepitheliocytes. These cells relate to the following tissue:
A Muscular tissue
B Epithelial tissue

90. Neural tissue
C Special connective tissue
D Loose fibrous connective tissue
63
An infectious disease caused contractive activity of muscles that contract and dilate eye pupil
(paralytic state). What functional eye system was damaged?
A Accomodative
B Dioptric
C Ancillary
D Photosensory
E Lacrimal apparatus
4.0 Нормальна фізіологія
1
Patient with hypersecretion of the gastric juices was recomended to exclude from the diet
concentrated bouillons and vegetable decoctions because of their stimulation of gastric
secretion. What is dominating mechanism of stimulation of secretion in this case?
A Stimulation of gastrin production by G-cells
B Irritation of taste receptors
C Irritation of mechanoreceptors of the oral cavity
D Irritation of mechanoreceptors of the stomach
E Stimulation of excretion of secretin in the duodenum
2
Person felt thirsty after staying in heat for a long time. Signals of what receptors caused it first
of all?
A Osmoreceptors of hypothalamus
B Sodium receptors of hypothalamus
C Osmoreceptorsof the liver
D Glucoreceptors of hypothalamus
E Baroreceptors of aortic arch
3
An individual is characterized by rounded face, broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid
fold, flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth, projecting lower lip, protruding tongue,
short neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What diagnosis can be put to the patient?
A Down's syndrome
B Klinefelter's syndrome
C Alkaptonuria
D Supermales
E Turner's syndrome
4
Purulent endometritis developed in a woman after delivery. Treating with antibiotics inhibitors
of murein synthesis was ineffective. Wide spectrum bactericidal antibiotic was administered
to her. In 6 hours temperature rapidly increased up to $40^0C$ with shiver. Muscle pains have
appeared. BP dropped down to 70/40 mmHg. Oligura has developed. What is the main
reason for the development of this condition?
A Endotoxic shock
B Toxic effect of preparation
C Internal bleeding
D Anaphylactic shock
E Bacteremia

91. 5

92. Secretion of which gastrointestinal hormones is primerily decreased in patient with removed
duodenum?
A Cholecystokinin and secretin
B Gastrin
C Histamine
D Gastrin and histamine
E Neurotensin
6
A 2-year-old child experienced convulsions because of lowering calcium ions concentration in
the blood plasma. Function of what structure is decreased?
A Parathyroid glands
B Hypophysis
C Adrenal cortex
D Pineal gland
E Thymus
7
While emotional excitement the heart rate in a 30-year -old person run up to 112 Bpm.
What part of the conducting system of the heart caused it?
A Synoatrial node
B Purkinje's fibers
C His bundle branches
D Intraventricular node
E His bundle
8
Usage of oral contraceptives with sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysiae
hormones. Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while using oral
contraceptives with sex hormones?
A Follicle-stimulating
B Vasopressin
C Thyrotropic
D Somatotropic
E Oxytocin
9
During the breakout of acute respiratory infection in order to diagnose influenza the
express-diagnosis, based on revealing of specific viral antigen in the examined material
(nasopharyngial lavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this?
A Immunofluorescence
B Complement binding
C Agglutination
D Precipitation
E Opsonization
10
A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the admission-diagnostic department with uterine
bleeding. What are the most likely changes of blood?
A Reduction of haematocrite rate
B Increase of haematocrite rate
C Leukopenia
D Leucocytosis

93. E Polycythemia

94. 11
Due to action of electric current on the exitable cell there appeared depolarization of it's
membrane. Movement of what ions through the membrane caused depolarisation?
A Na+
B НСО3
-
C Са2+
D Сl-
E К+
12
The high level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes concentration showed the increase of
LDH-1 and LDH-2 in a patient’s blood plasma. Point out the most probable diagnosis:
A Myocardial infarction
B Skeletal muscle dystrophy
C Diabetes mellitus
D Viral hepatitis
E Acute pancreatitis
13
There is only one hormone among the neurohormones which refers to the derivatives of
amino acids according to classification. Point it out:
A Melatonin
B Thyroliberin
C Vasopressin
D Oxytocin
E Somatotropin
14
The sterile Petri dishes and pipettes are necessary to prepare for microbiological tests in
bacteriological laboratory. What way of sterilization should be applied in this case?
A Dry-heat sterilization
B Tyndallization
C Pasteurization
D Steam sterilization in autoclave
E Boiling
15
A patient after hypertension stroke does not have voluntary movements in his right arm and
leg with the increased muscle tone in these extremites. What type of disfunction of nervous
system is it?
A Central paralysis
B Peripheral paralysis
C Peripheral paresis
D Reflex paresis
E Central paresis
16
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus).
Which cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
A Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
B Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
C Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
D Mast cells
E Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)

95. 17