1. http://www.xtec.es/~ogodoy/sac/rephrasing/relativecl.htm
RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
They describe the preceding noun and give essential information about the noun. They
are introduced by a relative pronoun which can be replaced by THAT or even omitted
(except when the relative pronoun is subject of the clause or is in the possessive case).
They are not separated by commas.
PEOPLE AS:
SUBJECT WHO/ THAT The man WHO / THAT reported the crime has
been given a reward
OBJECT (of WHO / THAT / - The man (WHO / THAT) I saw at the party is
a verb) Janet's father
OBJECT (of WHO / THAT / - The man (WHO / THAT) I was talking TO is
a preposition) working for Peter
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause.
POSSESSIVE WHOSE The film is about a man WHOSE children are
kidnapped
THINGS AS:
SUBJECT WHICH / THAT The cup WHICH / THAT is on the table is full of
sugar
OBJECT (of WHICH / THAT The cup (WHICH / THAT) I bought in Venice is
/ --
a verb) on the table
OBJECT (of WHICH / THAT The novel (WHICH / THAT) you talked ABOUT
/ --
a preposition) is very good
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause.
POSSESSIVE WHOSE Living in a house WHOSE walls were made of
glass would be horrible
NON- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
They are placed after nouns which are definite already; therefore, the information they
add to the noun is not essential. They are always introduced by a relative pronoun which
cannot be replaced by THAT and they are separated by commas.

2. PEOPLE AS:
SUBJECT WHO John, WHO is going to marry Jill soon, is an
engineer
OBJECT (of WHO (WHOM) Peter, WHO everyone suspected, turned out to be
a verb) innocent
OBJECT (of WHO (WHOM) She asked Paul, WHO she worked FOR, to give
a preposition) her a holiday
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause. If the clause contains an
expression of time or place, this will remain at the end:
Peter, WHO I play tennis WITH on Sundays, is fitter than me
POSSESSIVE WHOSE Alice, WHOSE parents live next to us, is trying to
get a job
THINGS AS:
SUBJECT WHICH I went to Port Aventura, WHICH is a famous
park
OBJECT (of WHICH Port Aventura, WHICH I have visited on several
a verb) occasions, is near Tarragona
OBJECT (of WHICH John's house, WHICH we were talking ABOUT
a preposition) just yesterday, has been demolished
Notice that the preposition moves to the end of the clause. Where and when can also
introduce non-defining relative clauses:
Three years ago I travelled to Austria, WHERE I met my future husband
I read lots of books last month, WHEN I had a broken leg
POSSESSIVE WHOSE Living in Barcelona, WHOSE climate is
temperate, is a wish many people have