Networking, Data Communication & Telecommunication

1. LAN, MAN and WAN

2. • Networks can be divided into three types
based on geographical areas covered:
LANs, MANs, and WANs
LANs, MANs, WANsLANs, MANs, WANs
HOW BIG ARE NETWORKS?HOW BIG ARE NETWORKS?

3. LANs : Local Area NetworksLANs : Local Area Networks

4. • A LAN (local area network) is a group of
computers and network devices connected
together, usually within the same building. By
definition, the connections must be high speed
and relatively inexpensive (e.g., token ring or
Ethernet).
LANLAN

5. LANs : Local Area Networks
• Typically connects computer in a single
building or campus.
• Developed in 1970s.
• Medium : optical fibres, coaxial cables,
twisted pair, wireless.
• Low latency (except in high traffic periods).
• High speed networks (0.2 to 100 Mb/sec).
• Speeds adequate for most distributed systems
• Typically buses or rings.
• Ethernet, Token Ring

6. • Network Type
Ethernet
FDDI
Token Ring
Apple LocalTalk
Wireless
• Data Transfer Rate
10 (up to 100) Mbits/s
100 Mbits/s
4 or 16 Mbits/s
0.23 Mbits/s
1-3 Mbits/s

7. MANs : Metropolitan Area NetworksMANs : Metropolitan Area Networks

8. • A MAN (metropolitan area network) is a
larger network that usually spans several
buildings in the same city or town.
MAN

9. • Metropolitan Area Network - a network
area larger than a LAN but smaller than a
WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically
owned an operated by a single entity such as a
government body or large corporation.

10. MANs : Metropolitan Area Networks
• Generally covers towns and cities (50 kms)
• Developed in 1980s.
• Medium : optical fibres, cables.
• Typical latencies : < 1 msec.
• Message routing is fast.

12. WANs : Wide Area NetworksWANs : Wide Area Networks

13. • A WAN (wide area network), in comparison
to a MAN, is not restricted to a geographical
location, although it might be confined within
the bounds of a state or country. A WAN
connects several LANs, and may be limited to
an enterprise (a corporation or an
organization) or accessible to the public.
WANWAN

14. • The technology is high speed and relatively
expensive.
• The Internet is an example of a worldwide
public WAN.
• Many WANs are corporate or research
networks that utilize leased lines.

15. WANs : Wide Area Networks
• Developed in 1960s.
• Generally covers large distances (states, countries,
continents).
• Medium : communication circuits connected by
routers.
• Routers forwards packets from one to another
following a route from the sender to the receiver.
Store-and-Forward
• Hosts are typically connected (or close to) the
routers.
• Typical latencies : 100ms - 500ms.
• Problems with delays if using satellites.
• Typical speed : 20 - 2000 Kbits/s.

16. • LAN and WAN were the original categories
of area networks, while the others have
gradually emerged over many years of
technology evolution.

17. One way to categorize the different types of computer
network designs is by their scope or scale. For historical
reasons, the networking industry refers to nearly every type of
design as some kind of area network. Common examples of
area network types are:
 LAN - Local Area Network
 WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
 WAN - Wide Area Network
 MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
 SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area
Network, or sometimes Small Area Network
 CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or
sometimes Cluster Area Network
 PAN - Personal Area Network
LAN, WAN and Other Area NetworksLAN, WAN and Other Area Networks

18. • WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
WLANs provide wireless network communication over
short distances using radio or infrared signals instead of
traditional network cabling.
• SAN – Storage Area Network
A SAN is a type of local area network (LAN) designed
to handle large data transfers (particularly for backup
and restore operations).
• PAN – Personal Area Network
A PAN is a computer network organized around an
individual person. Personal area networks typically
involve a mobile computer, a cell phone and/or a
handheld computing device such as a PDA.

19. • Campus Area Network - a network spanning
multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such
as on a university or local business campus.
• System Area Network - links high-
performance computers with high-speed
connections in a cluster configuration. Also
known as Cluster Area Network.