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Bellwork- Le Chat
The system described by the equation
 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g)      ΔH= -241.8kJ
    is at equilibrium.


a)How does the concentration of H2 gas
change?
b)Do H2 molecules react?
c)What happens to the H2 concentration if the
    container’s volume is reduced?
d)What happens to the H2 concentration if
temperature is increased?
Solubility
The final concentration of ions in
solution is different for every substance.
Insoluble very few ions in solution
The solubility product constant (Ksp), equals the
product of the concentrations of the ions, each raised
to a power equal to the coefficient of the ion in the
dissociation equation.

Example-

   PbCl2(s)  Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
              Ksp= [Pb2+][Cl-]2= 1.7x10-5

    The smaller the solubility
product constant (Ksp), the lower
the solubility of the compound.
18.3
18.3
18.3


Silver chloride is slightly soluble in water.
18.3


Scale, formed by the precipitation of slightly
soluble salts, builds up around faucets.
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
for Sample Problem 18.3
18.3
PbCl2(s)  Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
           Ksp= [Pb2+][Cl-]2= 1.7x10-5



   If the product of the
   concentrations is greater than
   the Ksp, a precipitate will form.
18.3           The Common Ion Effect



A common ion is an ion that is found
in both salts in a solution.

Common ion effect- solubility lowers
when a common ion is added
The Common Ion Effect




A saturated       When a few drops
solution of       of lead nitrate are
lead(II)          added to the
chromate is       solution, more
pale yellow.      lead(II) chromate
                  precipitates.
The Common Ion Effect

                         Precipitation
                         occurs until
                         Ksp is again
                         satisfied


   Ksp = [Pb2+][CrO42+]
   A       When     This
constant    this    must
           goes      go
           up↑     down↓
18.3   The Common Ion Effect




           Le Chatelier’s Principle
      PbCrO4(s)  Pb2+(aq) + CrO42+(aq)
More                          Increase
solid is      Shift left to   Pb2+
              remove Pb2+
formed
18.3 Section Quiz.

   1. What is the concentration of a saturated
      solution of silver sulfide?

           The Ksp of Ag2S is 8.0 × 10-51.

     a. 2.0 × 10-17M

     b. 8.9 × 10-26M

     c. 8.9 × 10-25M

     d. 2.0 × 1017M
18.3 Section Quiz.

   2. Adding which of these solutions to a saturated
      solution of BaSO4 will cause the solubility of
      BaSO4 to decrease?
        I. BaCl2(aq)
        II. Na2SO4 (aq)
     a. (I) only
     b. (II) only
     c. (I) and (II)

     d. neither solution
18.3 Section Quiz.

   3. The Ksp of AgBr is 5.0 × 10-13. When 7.1 × 10-6
      mol/L solutions of NaBr(aq) and AgNO3(aq)
      are mixed, we would expect

     a. no precipitate to form.

     b. a definite precipitation reaction.

     c. no reaction.

     d. a saturated solution but no visible
        precipitation.
18.3 Section Quiz.

   4. After the common ion effect causes a
      precipitate to form in a solution,

      a. the solution will no longer be saturated.

      b. the solution will again be saturated.

      c. the solution will be supersaturated.

      d. there will be no solute left in the solution.

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Lecture 18.3- Solubility

  • 1. Bellwork- Le Chat The system described by the equation 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g) ΔH= -241.8kJ is at equilibrium. a)How does the concentration of H2 gas change? b)Do H2 molecules react? c)What happens to the H2 concentration if the container’s volume is reduced? d)What happens to the H2 concentration if temperature is increased?
  • 2. Solubility The final concentration of ions in solution is different for every substance. Insoluble very few ions in solution
  • 3. The solubility product constant (Ksp), equals the product of the concentrations of the ions, each raised to a power equal to the coefficient of the ion in the dissociation equation. Example- PbCl2(s)  Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) Ksp= [Pb2+][Cl-]2= 1.7x10-5 The smaller the solubility product constant (Ksp), the lower the solubility of the compound.
  • 6. 18.3 Silver chloride is slightly soluble in water.
  • 7. 18.3 Scale, formed by the precipitation of slightly soluble salts, builds up around faucets.
  • 10. 18.3
  • 11. 18.3
  • 13. 18.3 PbCl2(s)  Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) Ksp= [Pb2+][Cl-]2= 1.7x10-5 If the product of the concentrations is greater than the Ksp, a precipitate will form.
  • 14. 18.3 The Common Ion Effect A common ion is an ion that is found in both salts in a solution. Common ion effect- solubility lowers when a common ion is added
  • 15. The Common Ion Effect A saturated When a few drops solution of of lead nitrate are lead(II) added to the chromate is solution, more pale yellow. lead(II) chromate precipitates.
  • 16. The Common Ion Effect Precipitation occurs until Ksp is again satisfied Ksp = [Pb2+][CrO42+] A When This constant this must goes go up↑ down↓
  • 17. 18.3 The Common Ion Effect Le Chatelier’s Principle PbCrO4(s)  Pb2+(aq) + CrO42+(aq) More Increase solid is Shift left to Pb2+ remove Pb2+ formed
  • 18. 18.3 Section Quiz. 1. What is the concentration of a saturated solution of silver sulfide? The Ksp of Ag2S is 8.0 × 10-51. a. 2.0 × 10-17M b. 8.9 × 10-26M c. 8.9 × 10-25M d. 2.0 × 1017M
  • 19. 18.3 Section Quiz. 2. Adding which of these solutions to a saturated solution of BaSO4 will cause the solubility of BaSO4 to decrease? I. BaCl2(aq) II. Na2SO4 (aq) a. (I) only b. (II) only c. (I) and (II) d. neither solution
  • 20. 18.3 Section Quiz. 3. The Ksp of AgBr is 5.0 × 10-13. When 7.1 × 10-6 mol/L solutions of NaBr(aq) and AgNO3(aq) are mixed, we would expect a. no precipitate to form. b. a definite precipitation reaction. c. no reaction. d. a saturated solution but no visible precipitation.
  • 21. 18.3 Section Quiz. 4. After the common ion effect causes a precipitate to form in a solution, a. the solution will no longer be saturated. b. the solution will again be saturated. c. the solution will be supersaturated. d. there will be no solute left in the solution.