4. •Use own words
•Brainstorm
•Mind Maps
•Post its
•Debate & argue

5. •Make lists
•Rank in order of importance
•Patterns, diagrams, charts
•Link topics

6. •Mind Map whole
topic
•Big picture
•Visualisaton
•Colour, symbols
•Charts, diagrams

7. •Move around during study breaks
•Use active reading strategies
•Stress ball or similar while sitting still
•Walk or run while listening to notes
•Mind map on a whiteboard standing up

8. •Background music
•Rhymes, rhythm, raps
•Use songs to remember

9. •Groups work, talk, discuss
•Question & answer
•Teach someone else
•Debate
•Study group or study buddy

10. •Diary or learning log
•Consider human element
•Remember own goals
•Ask questions
•Mind Maps

11. •Go outside during study breaks
•Study outside or open a window
•Walk while listening to notes
•Plant or flowers in study room
•Nature sound music, e.g, sea

13. Visual
Auditory
Kinaesthetic

14. Writing, images, graphs, tables
Verbal, such as spoken words
Physical, such as hands-on
activities, real-life examples,
experience

15. Visual learners
• Learn through seeing
• Think in pictures and need to create vivid mental
images to retain information
• Enjoy looking at maps, charts, pictures, videos, and
movies
• Have visual skills which are demonstrated in puzzle
building, reading, writing, understanding charts and
graphs, a good sense of direction, sketching, painting,
manipulating images, constructing, fixing, designing
practical objects, and interpreting visual images

16. Visual learners learn when they
• Use graphics to reinforce learning.
• Colour code to organise notes and possessions.
• Use colour to highlight important points in text.
• Take notes.
• Illustrate ideas as a picture before writing them
down.
• Ask for written directions.
• Use flow charts and diagrams for note taking.
• Visualise spelling of words or facts to be
memorised.

17. Auditory Learners
• Learn through listening
• Have highly developed auditory skills and are generally
good at speaking and presenting
• Think in words rather than pictures
• Learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking
things through and listening to what others have to say
• Have auditory skills demonstrated in listening,
speaking, storytelling, explaining, teaching, using
humour, remembering information, arguing their point
of view, and analysing language usage

18. Auditory learners learn best when they
• Read aloud.
• Recite information to learn.
• Use tunes or rhymes as mnemonic devices.
• Read aloud and tape test questions or
directions.
• Use verbal analogies and storytelling to
demonstrate their point.

19. Kinaesthetic Learners
• Learn through moving, doing and touching
• Express themselves through movement
• Have good sense of balance and eye-hand coordination
• Remember and process information through
interacting with the space around them
• Find it hard to sit still for long periods and may become
distracted by their need for activity and exploration
• Have skills demonstrated in physical coordination,
athletic ability, hands on experimentation, using body
language, crafts, acting, miming, using their hands to
create or build, dancing, and expressing emotions
through the body.

20. Kinaesthetic learners learn when they
• Make models or role play to physically experience
learning.
• Skim through reading material before reading it
in detail.
• Annotate text and write questions while reading.
• Translate information into diagrams or other
visual study tools.
• Recite a list of items by counting on fingers.
• Memorise or drill while moving e.g. when
walking.

21. Further Reading
Cottrell, Stella. (2008). The Study Skills Handbook (3rd
ed.). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire:Palgrave,
Chapter 3.
James Cook University. (2012). Visual, auditory and
kinaesthetic (VAK) learning style model. Retrieved
from
http://www.jcu.au/wiledpack/modules/fsl/JCU_0904
60.html