The document discusses sound and how it is produced through vibrations. It describes how different instruments produce sound through vibrating strings, lips, reeds or air columns. It also discusses properties of sound including frequency, pitch, loudness, intensity, harmonics, resonance, the human ear, and how sounds are perceived.

1. Chapter 15 – Sound

5. Sound waves are longitudinal

14. Diagram of the Ear

18. Beats are formed by the interference if two waves of slightly different frequencies traveling in the same direction. In this case one beat occurs at T-2 where constructive interference is greatest. BEAT (continued)

21. The frequency of vibration is called the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string. Because frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength and because we are considering the greatest possible wavelength, the f undamental frequency is the slowest vibration which produces the lowest pitch. Fundamental Frequency = F 1 = V/wavelength = V/2L Fundamentals

23. First through Fifth Harmonics

27. the end