Eliana torres cardenas
facultad medicina universidad pontificia bolivariana
2019-01

Introduction
cancer
microRNAs
Cáncer
A neoplasm refers to any abnormal new growth
of tissue. It may be benign or malignant. Cancer
is usually associated with malignant tumors.
Tumors can appear in any organ in the body.
Cancer cells are characterized by certain key
properties:
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they proliferate
rapidly
they display
diminished growth
control
display increased
genomic mutations
invade local tissues and
spread to other parts of
the body
are self-sufficient in
growth signals
are insensitive to
antigrowth signals
are often able
to evade apoptosis.
MicroRNAs
are small single-strand RNAs that cannot
code proteins, they are strongly deregulated
in multiple tumors and they are implicated
in nearly all biological process. Recently,
more and more miRNAs are identified to be
closely correlated with tumorgenesis
including bladder cancer. Studies suggest
that the miR-106a plays an important role
in T cell tumorigenesis because it was
overexpressed five to 20- fold compared
with control tumors. It is also important to
note that the miR-106ª is a homolog of the
oncogenic miR-17 that was found in
bladder cancer

Introduction
Relation
between
baicaleine and
cancer Suppressed
Cell growth
increased
apoptosis
inhibits cell
proliferation
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Baicalein is a phenolic flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis.
Currently, the anti-tumor effects of BAI have been widely reported.
Baicalein generally acts by blocking the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting the
invasion of tumor cells and metastasis, enhancing the actions of chemotherapeutic
agents and triggering the autophagy of dead cells.
In many types of cáncer
baicaleine exhibit tumor
inhibitory effect
In bladder cancer, studies about the
effects of BAI are limited. However
previous studies have proved that BAI
could induce apoptosis and reduce cell
viability in human bladder cancer
cells.

“Objective
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explore the regulatory mechanisms of BAI
in bladder cancer.

Methods and materials
Study and the effect of
the expression of a
protein on the cell
phenotype
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Transfection
In this case miR-106 mimic, miR-106
inhibitor, pcDNA-p21 were transfected
into T24 cells serving as a control.
Study the regulation
of gene expression
Study mechanisms
involved in the
RNA processing
Evaluate the
interaction of
proteins
Produce transgenic
organisms and
Gene therapy
Transfection is the process by which nucleic
acids are introduced into eukaryotic cells.
Protocols and techniques vary widely and
include lipid transfection and chemical and
physical methods such as electroporation.
Transfection is used for

is a method to make many copies of a
specific DNA segment. Using PCR, a
single copy (or more) of a DNA
sequence is exponentially amplified to
generate thousands to millions of more
copies of that particular DNA segment.
PCR has many applications such as the
cloning of DNA fragments, sequencing
of nucleic acids, tracking of mutations,
diagnosis of genetic diseases, detection
of tumor cells among others.
PCR
In this article PCR was used to see the
expression of miR-106 and p21 that is important
to know if miR-106 is involved in bladder
tumor.
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Materials and methods

Western blot
analysis
western blot detect specific proteins in a
sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
The technique uses some steps to achieve
this: separation by size, transfer to a solid
support and, finally, by means of the
labeling of the proteins with the use of the
first primaries or the corresponding ones.
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Materials and methods
In this study they use primery antibodys
against some proteins for example p16 p21
cyclinD1 pro caspase-3. After rinsing,
membranes were incubated with secondary
antibody. This will allow to detect the
antigen-antibody binding and determine the
presence of the specific proteins.

Cell
proliferation
assay
ELISA
The assay allows detecting the
presence of a ligand (commonly a
protein) in a liquid sample using
antibodies directed against the protein
to be measured. This produces a
detectable signal, most commonly a
color change in the substrate.
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Materials and methods
In this article this method was used
to examine T24 cell proliferation in
presence of BAI.

Fig. 1.
- D: Expression of
proliferation-related
proteins by Western blot
analysis
- C:
Expression of apoptosis-
related proteins by
Western blot analysis.
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Baicalein (BAI) inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in T24 cells.

Fig. 2.
- A: . Relative
migration by
Transwell cell
migration assay
-B: Expression of
migration-related
proteins by Western
blot analysis.
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BAI inhibits T24 cell migration

Fig. 4
-C. Expression of
proliferation-related
proteins by Western blot
analysis
-G. Expression of
migration-related
proteins by Western blot
analysis
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Baicalein (BAI) affects T24 cells through down-regulating microRNA
(miR)-106 expression

Figure 5-D
The expression of p21
was detected by RT-PCR
and western blot,
respectively
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P21 is a target of miR-106

Figure 6-B
Expression of MEK/ERK
pathways was assessed by
Western blot analysis. Non-
treated cells were served as
control (CTRL)
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Baicalein (BAI) inhibits the JNK and MEK/ERK pathways through
down-regulating microRNA (miR)-106 expression in T24 cells.

DISCUSSION
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Author concept Yes or not
A.L. Gartel, S.K.
Radhakrishnan,
Both p16 and p21 are CDK
inhibitors, which can block
proliferation of normal and
cancer cells.
SI
P.C. Black, C.P. Dinney MMP-2 and MMP-9 belong
to MMP family, members in
which can degrade
extracellular matrix and
affect cancer cell migration
SI
T.S. Yang, X.H. Yang, X.
Chen, X.D. Wang, J. Hua,
D.L. Zhou, B. Zhou, Z.S.
Song,
miR-106 knockdown has
been proved to suppress
gastric cancer migration
and invasion
NO

Although in recent years the field of medicine and science have made great progress in
some aspects in others as for example in cancer there is still much to study and
discover, so I think it is very important to do this type of studies because In this way,
each day we can be closer to a cure for a disease that affects so many people and
causes so many deaths. beyond this I also consider that this type of studies reflects the
importance of molecular biology because more than finding treatments for diseases I
think that with the studies and the amount of information that this subject provides in
the future we could avoid millions of diseases and improve quality of life of pacients.
Conclusion
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