UBSS overview, ATC Middleware

UBSS
UNIX Based System Software

MCC/CPC/CIS

Overview

 UBSS Is The Middleware For THOMSON-CSF AIRSYS Centers :
 ATM : Air Traffic Management Systems.
 ACCS : Air Command And Control Systems.
 And Others Control Command (C²) Applications.
 UBSS is used all over the world by AIRSYS provided ATC or ACS systems :
 about 500 nodes on 25 operational sites
 about 1000 nodes on 60 sites (delivered system and contracts in
progress)
 UBSS Is Based On UNIX Mechanisms, It Provides High Level Services For Unix
Based Real Time Distributed Fault Tolerant Systems.
 Services Are Available Through API Provided For C And Ada Language.

01/04/2004
 UBSS Provides A Framework For Application Design.
Version 6

UBSS Product 2 Multidomain Control Center

UBSS Genesis

Beginning of UBSS design : 1990

Two main objectives :
 To Answer to ATM real time constraints on UNIX platforms
 To Allow distributed architectures

Reuse of existing technologies or models :
 Asynchronous tasking model from THOMSON
 Data replication technology from SIGNAAL

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts

TRANSPARENCY.
Independence Between Logical And Physical
Architecture.
ENCAPSULATION.
Ada And C Interface, Socket Based Layered
Architecture.
SOFTWARE COTS* PRODUCT (V3.3).
Industrial And Quality Rules.

01/04/2004
* COTS : Commercial Of the Shelf Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Transparency (OSI RM/ODP*, ANSA*)
*
ANSA : Advanced Networked System Architecture
OSI RM ODP : OSI Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (ISO 10746-1, X901).

 Access Transparency : Local And Remote Applications Are Addressed By Identical
Operations.

 Location Transparency : Applications Are Addressed Without Knowledge Of Their
Location.

 Replication Transparency : Enables Multiple Instances Of Applications, Without
Knowledge Of Their Surroundings.

 Failure Transparency : Allows Automatic Recovery Of System Failures, Without
Lasting Effects To The Applications Users.

 Migration Transparency : Allows The Movement Of Applications Without Affecting The
Operation Of Users Or Other Applications.

 Scaling Transparency : Allows The System And Application Software To Expand In
Scale Without Changing The Application Programs.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Transparency

 Transparency Implementation.

Asynchronous Real Time.

A Task = A Unix Process.

Asynchronous Communication.

Fault Tolerant Services.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Transparency

LAN
P1
P2
P1
∆ t1 ∆ t3
Name Server

P3 P2

∆ t2
Centralised Architecture

P3

01/04/2004
Distributed Architecture
Version 6


Synchronous Real Time VS Asynchronous Real Time

Synchronous = Periodic=> No ∆T
Events
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6
Time

∆Τ

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6
Time
Assynchronous = Aperiodique => ∆Τ

01/04/2004
Version 6


Synchronous Communications VS Asynchronous Communications

No Transmission Delays Constant Transmission Delays Randomly Variable Transmission Delays

Events Events Events
Events
e1 e1 e1 Events
e1 Events
e1
e1
T1 T1 T1
T1
T1
T1
e2 e2 e2
e2
e2
T2 T2 T2
T2
e2
T2
e3 e3 e3
e3
e3 T2
T3 T3 T3
T3
T3
e4 e4 e4 e3
e4
e4

T3

e4

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Transparent Applications plugging

Non UBSS
Third party Third party
Application
Application Application
UBSS Application UBSS Application
(Ada or C or C++) (Ada or C or C++)

UBSS Adaptor

UBSS Backbone

Operating System and telecomunications

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Encapsulation

Provides Typesafe Encapsulation Of Lower-Level UNIX Programming
Interfaces.
Shields Developers From Low Level Programming Details.
High Level Abstractions Provided By Value-Added Encapsulation
Facilitate The Construction Of Distributed System.
Improves Software Reusability And Portability.
UBSS Is Based On UNIX Mechanisms, It Provides High Level Services
For Unix And Sockets Based Real Time Distributed Fault Tolerant
Systems.
Services Are Available Through API Provided For C And Ada Language.

01/04/2004
Version 6


Middleware Benefit : Software product life cycle Transparency

System Life cycle = 10 years

Application
Application

Middleware
Middleware

Operating System
Operating System

Technologie Life cycle = 3 years

01/04/2004
Version 6


Software lay out

ADA & C & C++ Applications

Standard UBSS Interface FROZEN INTERFACE

UBSS MIDDLEWARE

Operating System (UNIX)

Hardware Platform
Communication medium & protocol

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Encapsulation

Application
(Ada or C or C++)

API Ada or C

UBSS
Middleware

Socket

DEC Digital_Unix HP UX Solaris - AIX
Ultrix - ...

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Software COTS Product

Software Team : To Regroup System Software Skills In One Dedicated
Team (MCC/CIS :Infrastructure System).

UBSS Product Code Size : 300 Kloc Of C, 30 Kloc Of Ada.

UBSS Product Documentation Size : 3000 Pages + 1000 Man Pages
(On-Line Documentation, CD ROM, WEB).

Methodology : DOD 2167A : SRS, SDD, STP, STD, STR, VDD, SUM,
Man Pages.

Quality process : ISO9000, CMM*

01/04/2004
* CMM : Capability Maturity Model For Software

Version 6


UBSS Concepts : Software Product

Support And Maintenance :
 Hot Line : Phone, Email, WEB.
 2 Major Releases A Year, Fully Tested (STP,STD, STR) And
Documented (VDD ).

Training Sessions :
 2 Levels (Theoretical An Practical) : Programmers, Integrators.
 About 20 Training Sessions Already Performed.

Tools : Debugging, Performance, Training.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS :Technical Middleware

Application

Operational Middleware (Framework)
Middleware

Technical Middleware

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS : Software Architecture Tool Box

Peer To Peer.
 Synchronous Or Asynchronous Inter Process Communication (IPC).
 System Wide Shared Data Distribution.

Client/Server.
 Data : Push/Pull.
 Processing : Synchronous/Asynchronous.
 Distributed Server : Duplicated Concurrent Or Cooperant.
 Dynamic Server Allocation And Reconfiguration.

Event Services.
 Subscription To Asynchronous Notification.
 Stateless Or Statefull Processing.
 Multiplexing And Priority.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBBS : Application Software Architecture
Loop Event Processing Sequential Event Processing
begin
loop forever
wait event1
wait event
send message1
case event
event1
send message1
wait event2
send message2
event2

send message2
event3 wait event3
send message3 send message3
end case
end
end loop

01/04/2004
Asynchronous Synchronous
Version 6


UBSS Components
Inter-Process Communication (IPC)
• Mailbox (MLBX)
Communication
• FIFO
Multi Purpose Telecommunication Management (MTM)
Consistent Data Store Copies (CDC)
Node And Process Management (NPM)
Supervision
• Dual Node Control (DNC)
System Control And Monitoring (SCM)
Time And Clock Management (TCM)
• External Time Injection (ETI)
Time/clock management
• Clock Synchronization (CS)
• Time Management (TM)
• High Resolution Timers (HRT)
Input Output Calls (IOC)
Miscellaneous
Basic System Name Server (BNS)

01/04/2004
Dynamic Trace Unit (DTU)
Version 6


UBSS New Components :

PATIO* project Outputs :

DSS : Distributed Sequencing Services

DST : Distributed Simulated Time (TMH)

01/04/2004
* PATIO : Platform for ATM Tools Integration to Pre-operation

Version 6


Possible interfaces
Application
Message
Library Message
Interface
Interface Interface

3 3
2

Operator UBBS
Interface Process
1
4
4

File interface File interface

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Components : Architecture Of A Node
1 : interfacing with library functions
2 : operator interface
3 : FP interface
Application Application
processes

1 1
DTU 1 1 1 1 1 1

NPM
SCM TCM CDC MTM
3
IOC
DNC

BNS IPC
Front
Processor
2 2
(LINES_FP)

Tape
Disk
2
Operator
WAN
Printer

01/04/2004
LAN
Version 6


Consistent Data Store Copies (CDC) : Scope

Asynchronous Data Distribution = System Wide Distributed Shared
Memory.
Typed Shared Memory.
Data Store = Array Of Records Duplicated On Each Node. CDC Keeps
Duplicated Record Coherency.
Provides Data Persistence And Independence Between Read And Write
Operations.
After Subscription, User Is Notified Of Each Update.
With CDC a server instance is present on each client Node : Proxy

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS CDC : Context Diagram Master
Slave Slave

Appli
Appli Appli

Data Store
Data Store Data Store

data bus
LAN
Slave
Slave

Data Store Data Store

Appli Appli Appli

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS CDC : ATC Operational Data Distribution
Tracks Flight plans

Appli
Appli

FPL
TRK

FPL
TRK
FPL FPL
TRK TRK

1 to 100
Appli Appli Appli
CWPs

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS CDC : System Design
Radar

RFP RDP FDP

Radar1 Radar2 Radar3 Radar4 System Tracks Identification Flight Plan

MMI
MMI
MMI
MMI

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS CDC Principle : Data Store
(RUC : Record Update Counter)

(RUO: Record Update Originator)

data store copy

RUC RUO User record

12000 records max.

{

32 Ko max.
CAM

01/04/2004
(CAM : Central Announcement Message) Version 6


UBSS CDC Protocol : Periodic CAM
A B C D E

A B C D E
T
Update
CAM
T
T Update

CAM
Update
T

CAM
CAM

T

CAM
Master

01/04/2004
(CAM : Central Announcement Message) Version 6


Basic Name Server ( BNS) : Scope

System Wide Logical Name Services.
BNS Maintains An Indirection Table Included In CDC : ‘’ALIAS’.’
A BNS Entry Is An Object Name With Physical Or Logical Attributes.
CDC Based :
Available On Each Node.
System Wide Notification When Links Or Attributes Are Updated.
Usage Example :
BNS Keeps System Components States.
BNS Keeps System Topology.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS BNS : model
Logique Name Logical or Physical Attributes
Updates
Notification

FIFO FPL 200.111.23.7 :: 109 :: TCP

PRINTER /DEV/TTY1
ERROR /etc/log220895 BNS
CDC

Indirection Table

01/04/2004
/etc/log230895
ERROR
Version 6


UBSS BNS : Indirection Level

ALIAS
SYMBOL ITEM

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS BNS principle : Change Notification

Item Change
Alias Change

Alias SYMBOL ITEM

Attributs Change Notification

}
Change
notification
Alias Change Notification
to FIFO

01/04/2004
Version 6


Inter Process Communication (IPC) : Scope

 Typed Asynchronous Communication Services.
 Point To Point FIFO.
 Secured FIFO.
 Diffusion FIFO.

 IPC Uses BNS Services For :
 Remote Attributes Information.
 Server Dynamic Reconfiguration.

Multiple Or Single Event Asynchronous Waiting Point With
Priorities.

Communications Supervision.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS IPC : Concepts

FIFO

P2 P1

FIFO

P2
P2
P3

FIF
O
BNS

BNS
P1

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS IPC Concepts : FIFO paradigm
Intra node communications

FIFO

P2 P1

Inter nodes communications

P1
P2

01/04/2004
Node A Node B Version 6


UBSS IPC Concepts : Wait Multiplexing

FPL
Priority Mask
Appli
FPL

TRK
TRK
Appli Appli
Wait From

Strip

Strip
Appli

FIFO Deck

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS IPC : ATC Operator Orders Centralisation
Tracks Flight plans

FPL
Appli
Appli

TRK

FPL FPL FPL

1 to 100
CWPs
Appli Appli Appli

01/04/2004
Version 6


IPC/FIFO : Concepts
Process Environment

Timer

Unix Process

Appli

Unix Signal
Appli
Appli

socket
Appli

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS IPC services : Server Dynamic Reconfiguration

@2
FIFO FPL
@2
FIFO FPL

@2
P2
FIFO

BNS BNS
P2
P1

Connection
@1
@3
P3
FPL Before Crash

@3
FIFO FPL
@3
FIFO FPL

@2
P2
FIFO

BNS BNS
P2
P1

Connection
@1
@3
P3
FPL

01/04/2004
After Crash
Version 6


Node And Process Management (NPM) : Scope

 Manages All Objects On A Node :
 Processes, Shared Memory Segments, Semaphores.
 Starts/Stops Processes Running On A Node.
 Organizes Applications In Group Of Processes.
 Identifies Process And Process Group Through Logical Name.
 Detects And Reports Node, Process And Process Group States Changes.
 Node, Process And Process Group Control And Recovery.
 Executes Node, Process Group And Process Commands From Operator
 Defines Application Environment.
 Process Loop Detection.
 User Script Shell Execution.
 Dual Node Switching.

01/04/2004
 Duplicated LAN Switching.
Version 6


System Control And Monitoring (SCM) : Scope

System Wide Supervision Control And Monitoring.
Enables Technical Operator To Monitor And Control The Status Of The
Technical Part Of The System From Any System Node.
System Wide Data Distribution CDC Based,
 Gathers All System Objects States In Data Store Duplicated On Each System
Node.

Automatic System Configuration And Reconfiguration.
Generic State Machines.
CPU Load Monitoring.
Handles Requests Issued By Users Or Applications Users.

01/04/2004
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) MIB (Management Information Base)
Version 6


UBSS : SCM Context Diagram
Slave Master
Slave

CSCM
LSCM LSCM
SNMP
SCM
SCM SCM

data bus
LAN
Slave
Slave

SCM
SCM
APPLI

NPM
LSCM
LSCM

01/04/2004
Version 6


Time and Clock Management (TCM) : Scope

 Time And Clock Management Provides The Following Services:

 Clock Management Services:
 External Time Injection (ETI): Synchronizes A Node (Time Server) With An
External Time (Usually UTC Reference)
 Clock Synchronization (CS) : Synchronizes All Nodes With The Time Server
Node
.
 Time Management Services:
 High Resolution Timers (HRT) : Provides High Resolution Timers To
Application Programs
 Time Management (TM) : Provides The Functionality To Work With Different
Time Bases (Defined With New Offsets And Speeds).
 Distributed Simulated Time (DST )

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS : TCM Context Diagram

HRT HRT HRT
(External)
Clock_System
tcm_store tcm_store tcm_store
CS CS
TS
ETI
clock system
input

01/04/2004
Version 6


Time request and transmission delay
Request
Time

Client (CS)

Server Latency

Response
Time

Server (TS)

01/04/2004
Version 6


Input Output Calls (IOC) : Scope

 Input Output Call Services

Two kinds of servers provide synchronous or asynchronous
services via an IOC library.
Files and Tape management services : IOC_SERVER
Printing services : IOC_LPR_SERVER

The result of the operation is sent after completion in an application
FIFO, whose name is given as an input parameter of the call.

Possibility to use several servers (IOC_SERVER) to perform
several operations in parallel

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS : IOC Context Diagram

IOC
servers IOC filter

printer
Application IOC
Software library tape

Disk
IOC filter
Disk
printer
Machine X
Machine Y

01/04/2004
Version 6


Multi Purpose Telecommunication Management (MTM) : Scope

System external telecommunication management server
Multi protocol management
Available protocols are :
 ISO TP4
 X25
 ARTAS : PDC (Private Data Channel

01/04/2004
Version 6


Distributed Sequencing Services (DSS)

Based on CDC
Generic service for up to 32 sequences
Each sequence controllable by keyword or key

01/04/2004
Version 6


Dynamic Trace Utility (DTU) : Scope

Dynamic Probes And Traces Services : Lib, Server, GUI
On-Line Circular Files Data Storage And Trace Activation
Off-Line :
 Data Filtering With Unix Regular Expressions
 Statistic Data Analysis : Mean And Standard Deviation

Multi-Platform : Ultrix, Digital Unix, HP-UX, Solaris.
Logical Name For Traces Identification For Management
Spreadsheet Standard Files Format For Performances Documents
Report
UBSS Independent.

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS : DTU principles

Shared memory

TCP
sockets

DTU DTU
DTU DTU DTU
User DTU
process GUI
library
application process GUI
library

message queue
other applications...
traces circular
files files

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS Evolutions

 Hard Real Time.

 Wide Area Network (WAN) Distribution.

 NTP (Network Time Protocol)

 RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

 Call Back Framework

 CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) Compliance

01/04/2004
Version 6


UBSS overview, ATC Middleware

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