The market, challenges and opportunities of low-energy light bulbs.

1. The Market Introduction of

2. • Ban on all matte incandescent bulbs and clear 100 watt
1/9 2009 incandescent bulbs
• Ban on clear 75 watt incandescent bulbs
1/9 2010
• Ban on clear 60 watt incandescent bulbs
1/9 2011
• Ban on clear 40 watt and clear 25 watt incandescent bulbs
1/9 2012
• More stringent requirements for low-energy bulbs and LED
1/9 2013 lamps
• More stringent requirements for halogen bulbs
1/9 2016

5. Normal Light Bulb CompactFluorecentLamp
Energy Consumption 100 W 20 W
Durability 1,000 hours 10,000 hours
Pricing $5 $15

6.  Existing conceptions of light bulbs
 Other products not adapted

7.  Environmental concerns among consumers
 Improved technology
 Power strategies from legislators

8. Cowan and Hultén (1996) identify six main
factors that could possibly evoke an escape
from an existent lock-in or completely unlock
a market.

9.  Conventional bulbs still serving their initial
purpose
 But relative/perceived efficiency decreased

10.  Very critical factor for the future of the light
bulb market
 Governments to promote the use of CFL or
even ban incandescent bulbs

11.  Higher retail price
 But a cost advantage in the long run (life
duration and low energy consumption)

12.  Crucial factor
 Consumers increasingly concerned about
environmental issues
 More and more prefer environmentally
friendly products

13.  Of minimal importance
 No big niche for the CFL bulbs
 Few early adopters

14.  Innovative technology enabled the invention
and production of CFL bulbs
 This knowledge put “pressure on the old
technology” and questioned its efficiency.

15. Gregson et al. 2005

16. Two paths have been taken that may create a
future CFL lock-in:
 Adapation by retail
 Laws