3Gbps SDI Video Solution
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To introduce 3 Gbps SDI technology and the product offerings from Gennum
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3Gbps SDI Video Solution
- 3. Bandwidth Requirements for Various Video Standards 0 500 1G 1.5G 2G 2.5G 3G SMPTE 259M SMPTE 292M ITU-R BT.1120-3 Required bit rate to transmit various video formats 525 Line SD 625 Line SD 1280x720 p50 1920x1080 p50 1280x720 i60 1920x1080 i60 1920x1080 p60 1920x1080 p50
Editor's Notes
- Welcome to the training module on 3Gbps SDI Video Solution. This training module introduces Gennum’s 3 Gbps SDI technology and the various product offerings.
- This is an illustration of the bandwidth requirement for various types of video signals. Different video applications use different amounts of bandwidth. The bandwidth used by a signal directly controls the quality of the video and the frame rate in which the video is sent and received. For example, in North America, the dominant broadcast HDTV standards are 1080i/60, which uses a screen resolution of 1920 X 1080 pixels at 60 frames per second. Such HDTV signals, will require a 2 Gbps bandwidth channel for transmission. Unfortunately, the bandwidth requirements to transmit these video signals exceed the capabilities of a single SMPTE 292M interface, which defines a Serial Digital Interface or SDI, based on a coaxial cable transfer bit rate of 1.5Gbps. This drives the need for a higher capacity interface to transfer video signals.
- Although the HDTV signals could be addressed by using two or more SMPTE292 links, such multi-link interfaces are very expensive and awkward to implement. SDI has become the ubiquitous interface standard within the professional broadcast industry. The 3Gbps SDI, is the ideal transport for 1080p/(50 or 60), as it would allow for the transport of an uncompressed signals and have low latency. It would also allow the reuse of the same infrastructure, would be economically feasible to implement, and have similar performance characteristics to existing interfaces. Implementing 3G SDI interface requires high-speed analog components, designed to work with existing cable and connectors. For example, to properly receive a signal that has traveled the length of a cable, a cable equalizer must be used.
- Gennum’s portfolio of high-performance 3Gbps SDI solutions is designed to help designers get to market quickly with feature-rich, differentiated products. Gennum’s 3G-SDI products offer multi-standard operation from 143Mb/s to 2970Mb/s even under stressful video pathological signals and are fully SMPTE 424M, 292M, 344M and 259M compliant. The cable equalizers offer long cable length and low jitter level with reduced power and input gain adjustment. The video re-clockers feature low power, input trace equalization, output de-emphasis, and serial control. The cable drivers have reduced output jitter and power consumption, plus input trace equalization, output signal presence and a wider output launch swing, making it more versatile in all applications. In addition to the analog components, Gennum also offers the digital SMPTE video processing required to transmit and receive SDI video.
- One of the major limiting factors for sending high speed data over copper cables is the skin effect, which results in increased attenuation as the frequency of the signal increases. To properly receive a signal that has traveled the length of a cable, a cable equalizer must be used. This device is a filter with a frequency response that is complementary to the cable’s response. In most video applications, the equalizers used are “adaptive”, in that they automatically adjust the amount of equalization applied to match the total loss in the connected cables. The table shows Gennum’s offerings.
- An equalized signal is not necessarily a clean signal, since the equalizer does nothing to remove jitter resulting from noise added on the link. It would not be possible to use an equalized signal to go any additional distance without first reducing the jitter. Jitter reduction is typically accomplished using a data re-clocking circuit. An SDI re-clocker needs to be specifically designed to meet the unique requirements of the interface. At the simplest level, an SDI data re-clocker provides the means to extract a clock signal from the serial data stream; to lock an extremely low-phase-noise voltage controlled oscillator to the extracted clock, using a phase-locked loop (PLL); and to re-sample the serial digital input signal with the low-noise clock source. This e table shows Gennum’s offerings of re-clockers.
- An SDI cable driver needs to be specifically designed to meet the unique requirements of the interface and this is especially true at 3 Gbps. Drivers specified for use in the datacom / telecom industry are not optimized for operation in 75 environments, nor are they designed to meet the rise and fall time characteristics of the SDI interface. To simplify the task of meeting the return loss requirements of SMPTE 424M, it is recommended that a dedicated 3 Gbps SDI cable driver should be selected.
- The SMPTE 424M standard defines the signal characteristics for a compliant 3-Gbit/sec SDI transmitter, and in many respects, this standard is very similar to the 1.5 Gbit/sec HD SDI standard. Because of the higher data rate of the 3-Gbit/sec SDI interface, certain parameters such as rise & fall time, output return loss, and alignment jitter could prove to be challenging from a system design perspective. Careful design of the transmitter is paramount to good system performance, and perhaps one of the more challenging aspects of SMPTE 424M is the output jitter specification. Gennum transmitters have the most complete video processing features available. These include, but are not limited to: scrambling, TRS detection or insertion, and ancillary data insertion. They also include an integrated audio embedder supporting AES, I2S, and serial audio formats.
- Gennum’s receivers take integration to the next level by incorporating Gennum’s equalization technology for a compact, comprehensive, single-chip receiver solution that also includes a VCO, a re-clocker, and digital SMPTE video and audio processing. Gennum’s 3G receivers are fully compliant with SMPTE 424M and 425M, including support for both Level A and Level B. All Gennum recievers are DVB and ASI capable. Nowadays, a number of different FPGA vendors now offer devices with built-in high-speed transceivers. However, these devices may not provide sufficient input jitter tolerance or IJT. Because of this, it is recommended that receivers include a 3-Gbit/sec SDI re-clocker in front of an FPGA-based de-serializer, to ensure that the IJT can be achieved.
- When designing a transmitter or receiver system to meet the SMPTE 424M requirements, many different factors must be considered, such as jitter margin, PCB layout, matching network design, and component choice. To meet basic AC and DC electrical characteristics, special attention must be paid to component layout when designing 3-Gbit/sec serial digital interfaces. FR-4 dielectric material can be used for PCB design. Do pay attention to these guidelines in your PCB design.
- Thank you for taking the time to view this presentation on “ 3Gbps SDI Video Solution” . If you would like to learn more or go on to purchase some of these devices, you may either click on the part list link, or simply call our sales hotline. For more technical information you may either visit the Gennum site, or if you would prefer to speak to someone live, please call our hotline number, or even use our ‘live chat’ online facility.