This document summarizes experiments on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete slabs and strips under concentrated loads. It describes 30 specimens tested under 133 experiments to determine the effective width in shear and compare results to design code models and nonlinear finite element analysis. The experiments varied parameters like slab continuity, reinforcement type and amount, load location, and support conditions. Results showed transverse load redistribution increased capacity and the French effective width method compared best to experiments and finite element analysis. Loads near supports had direct load transfer and a 25% reduction factor is recommended.
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RC slab shear tests under concentrated loads
1. Shear tests of RC slabs and slab strips
under concentrated loads
Eva Lantsoght
23-07-2012
Delft
University of
Technology
Challenge the future
2. Overview
• Introduction
• Project description
• Previous research
• Experiments
• Setup
• Specimens
• Results
• Results
• Overall width/Effective width
• Comparison to Code methods S9T6 at failure
• Comparison to NLFEA
• Conclusions
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 2
3. Background
Project description (1)
Shear failure of the de la Concorde bridge, Laval
The Netherlands: 60% of bridges built before 1975
Traffic volume and loads have increased => Loads? Shear Capacity???
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 3
4. Background
Project description (2)
• Capacity of existing bridges in NL
• TU Delft
• Concrete Structures
• Structural Mechanics
• TNO
• RWS
• 3715 relevant structures
• 2020 built before 1976
• Study: bridge categories and specific
details
Highways in the Netherlands
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 4
6. Background
Shear and punching (1)
Beam shear, one-way shear Punching shear, two-way shear
• Punching shear over perimeter around load
• Beam shear formulas over effective width at support
• Effective width?
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 6
7. Background
Shear and punching (2)
45 load spreading 45 load spreading – French practice
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 7
8. Background
Previous research (1)
• Database: 207 tests slabs and wide beams in shear
• a/d = 0,65 – 9,8
• Different categories
• simply supported slab
• continuous slab
• real bridge
• cantilever
• Failure mode based on pictures/ crack patterns: WB/P
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 8
9. Background
Previous research (2)
• Recent research: slabs under line loads
• From database: 22
• Concentrated load
• a/d < 2,5
• Small: d < 15cm
• Comparison to EC2
• Evidence for additional capacity
• Experiments on larger specimens needed
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 9
10. Goals
• Assess shear capacity of slabs
under concentrated loads
• Determine effective width in
shear
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 10
11. Experiments
Experimental setup
Size: 5m x 2,5m (variable) x 0,3m
Continuous support, Line supports
Load: vary a/d and position along width
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 11
12. Experimental results
Experimental setup (2)
• Distance between load and support
(a/d = 1,51 and a/d = 2,26)
• Simple or continuous support
• Amount of transverse flexural reinforcement
• Reinforcement type: plane or ribbed bars
• Size of the loading plate
• Type of support: line support or bearing
• Concrete compressive strength BS2T1
• Loading in the middle of width or near edge
• Total width
First series: 30 specimens, 133 experiments
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 12
13. Results
Effective width (1)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
b (mm)
Specimens with different widths: threshold value observed
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 13
14. Results
Effective width (2)
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 14
15. Results
Effective width (3)
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 15
16. Results
Effective width (4)
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 16
17. Results
Comparison to design models (1)
• EN 1992-1-1:2005
• Shear governing over punching
• Two load spreading methods
• CRd,c = 0,15
• French NA
• Larger vmin for slabs
• French load spreading method
• Regan’s method
• Based on punching perimeter
• # sides ~ width
• Enhancement close to support
• Enhancement for CS
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 17
18. Results
Comparison to design models (2)
Best results: beff2 and Regan’s method
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 18
19. Results
Comparison to design models (3)
beff2 better results than beff1
=> smaller range of AVG
=> better COV
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 19
20. Results
Comparison to design models (4)
Ribbed bars vs. plain bars
Plain bars: slightly smaller capacity
≠ literature!
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 20
21. Results
Comparison to NLFEA
• Sensitive to input
parameters
• Compared to effective width
• beff2 compares best
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 21
22. Recommendations
• Evaluating existing solid slab bridges:
• EN 1992-1-1:2005
• Effective width: French method, min 4d
• 25% reduction of contribution concentrated load close to
support
• β =av/2d
• Combined: βnew =av/2,5d
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 22
23. Conclusions
• Transverse load redistribution
• Larger shear capacity in slabs
• Enhancement factor 1,25
• French load spreading method for beff
• Literature
• Experiments
• NLFEA
• Loads close to support
• Direct load transfer
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 23
26. Experiments
Properties of slabs (2)
Test SS/CS Pu (kN) Failure mode Fpres Vmax Vmax,EC
(kN) (kN) (kN)
S11T1 SS 1194 WB + P
165 998 848
S11T4 CS 958 WB + P
307 886 766
S12T1 SS 931 WB + B + P
162 780 663
S12T2 SS 1004 P
173 839 712
S12T4 CS 773 WB + P + B
147 705 608
S12T5 CS 806 WB + B
158 735 633
S13T1 SS 1404 WB + P
157 1253 593
S13T4 CS 1501 WB + P
240 1411 706
S14T1 SS 1214 WB + P + B
133 1088 518
S14T2 SS 1093 WB + P + B
162 975 462
S14T4 CS 1282 WB + P + B
187 1207 605
S14T5 CS 1234 WB + P + B
142 1157 578
Shear tests of reinforced concrete slabs and slab strips under concentrated loads 26