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1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Values and Awareness Module 1 Basic Course Topic 1.5 Documentation of cultural heritage Teaching Material Educational Toolkit

2. Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Slide Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Photographs: Courtesy of Anna Lobovikov-Katz

3. Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Abstract Topic 1.5. Documentation of cultural heritage provides an overview of documentation and a survey of built cultural heritage which is specifically targeted to facilitate its conservation. It explains why such documentation needed, what is special about documentation for conservation purposes, and provides selected examples of the documentation of historic buildings. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Slide

4. Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Content Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Slide Content of Topic 1.5 1.3. Documentation of cultural heritage 1.5.1. Aims of documentation for the conservation of cultural heritage 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation in the conservation of cultural heritage 1.5.3. The selected examples of documentation techniques and results

5. 1.5.1. Aims of documentation for conservation of cultural heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What is it? Slide Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and two-dimensional images, which involves different types and techniques of documentation and measurements, from photography and sketches to precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like photogrammetry and laser scanning.

6. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Slide Documentation of historic buildings and sites is not a new area of human activity. Precise drawings and images of historic buildings were created centuries ago by artists and architects. Reasons for this were different: beauty or historic importance of the buildings could draw the attention of an artist; a series of precise images of buildings of a whole city could be ordered by a king or an emperor. From the 18 th century documentation of important buildings became common in Europe. 1.5.1. Aims of documentation for conservation of cultural heritage

8. 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation in conservation of cultural heritage Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 1.3.1. Conservation theory and practice Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide First, documentation was aimed mainly at collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding But later, with the development of conservation theory and practice, the necessity of documentation of monuments before the conservation, and of documentation of conservation steps was formulated.

9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide What is the difference between the two: Documentation for collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding Documentation aimed at enabling actual conservation of historic buildings and sites. AND 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation in conservation of cultural heritage

10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Answer: Documentation should depict a building in order to understand its architecture, while minor deflections of its “ideal” form occurred during its construction or due to its deterioration are not important., e.g. if some stones had fallen out of the wall, it would not be important for the study of a building’s original image. Documentation for collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding: 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation in conservation of cultural heritage

11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Answer: 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation in conservation of cultural heritage Precise full documentation is important, including even tiny details and discrepancies which might have been caused by deterioration, or present from the original construction period, e.g. wall which is supposed to be vertical, but actually is not; later replacement of some details by identical ones, etc. Documentation aimed at enabling actual conservation of historic buildings and sites:

12. 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation in conservation of cultural heritage Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 1.3.1. Conservation theory and practice Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Step by step documentation of conservation works Study, documentation, investigation, analysis On site Laboratory Conservation project Conservation works Post-conservation: evaluation of conservation, prevention of deterioration, maintenance in different phases of conservation Documentation, investigation before conservation intervention Documentation, investigation of a past-conservation period Application of documentation

14. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 1.3.1. Conservation theory and practice Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Historic images Drawings and paintings by artists can be precise. Even several centuries ago, long before photography was used, artists used techniques (e.g. camera obscura) that helped them to produce precise images of buildings. Artistic images can provide information regarding state the of a building before it was rebuilt, destroyed or restored in the past. The Colosseum, Rome, before the restoration of early 19 th century was undertaken: Piranesi, Courtesy of The Knights of Columbus Museum.

15. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Photographic survey 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Photography can provide data regarding the shape of the building, its conservation state, and different materials used in its construction/ repair/ previous restorations. Photographic surveys can be focused on general info – general view of a building, as well as document systematically every single detail.

16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Photographic survey Photography can provide data regarding the shape of the building, its conservation state, and different materials used in its construction. Photographic surveys can be focused on general info – general view of a building, as well as document systematically every single detail. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results

17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Photographic survey 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Photographic survey From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Boaz Barr, Ben Coen, Omer Cohen

18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Precise drawings 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Precise drawings: façade – shows a view (projection) of a wall, in accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting). Students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) 2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama Sivan, Reut Shpatz

19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Precise drawings Precise drawings: plan – shows a view (projection) of a floor from above, in accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting). Student’s work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion (supervised by author) 2003. Precise drawing coordination by Anna Shiffman, Vladimir Feigin, Yulia Podolsky 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results

20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Mapping 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results The results of the documentation and measurements undertaken on a historic building/ site can be processed and combined in a graphic representation of the analysis of building materials used in a building, and its conservation state. This is called “ mapping ”. Students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) 2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama Sivan, Reut Shpatz

21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide Documentation methods and techniques Equipment Equipment developed for geodetic survey is widely used in conservation and varies from a simple to sophisticated. Here a simple level (leveling instrument) allows establishment of a virtual horizontal plane, to enable the surveyor to collect data about relative height, e.g. of different parts and elements of this courtyard of a “Khan” (inn) built at the end of 18 th century in Acre. Are you sure the floor is horizontal? Columns are of equal height? You can check it with level. Nothing should be “assumed” by a conservation surveyor - everything should be measured and documented. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results

22. Text Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Slide A few examples of advanced documentation techniques might be accessed on the Advanced Topics section of Module 1, e.g. regarding laser scanner: Digital Documentation of Heritage . Queen’s University, Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology, and Palaeoecology - funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6PMcP8BkWE . 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques

23. © Anna Lobovikov-Katz Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Thank you for your attention Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. Slide © Anna Lobovikov-Katz