2. The study of science today branches into the
study of living things and non-living things: the
science life and the physical sciences . The life
sciences branch into such areas as Biology,
Zoology and Botany. The physical sciences
branch into such areas as Geology, Astronomy,
Chemistry and Physics.
Physics is more than a part of physical
sciences. It is the Basic science. PHYSICS- is a
science that deals with the study nature of basic
things such as MOTION, FORCES, ENERGY,
MATTER, HEAT, SOUND, LIGHT,
ELECTRICITY, and MAGNETISM.
3. • Definition of Physics:
• PHYSICS - is the study of the properties , behavior,
and interaction between matter and energy.
• - the study of natural phenomena.
• - is the study that investigates and
formulate the fundamenat laws of nature.
• -is a science that deals with the study of
the nature of basic things such as motion, forces, energy,
matter, heat, sound, light, electricity and magnetism.
• - science that deals with matter and
energy and the way that act on each other in heat, light,
sound and other radiation
4. • MAJOR IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS:
• 1. Play a key role in the future progress of mankind.
• 2. Exciting intellectual adventure that inspire young
people and expands the frontiers of our knowledge about
nature.
• 3. Many of the tools on which the advances of science
and technology depends are direct product of physics in
the field of medicine, electronics , communication etc.
• 4. Physics has the capability of playing major roles in
finding solution on the ongoing tragedies throughout the
developing world that are directly tied to disease, poverty
and the degradation of environment that face the human
race.
5. • 5. It is important because it play an important role in
developing strategies to combat climate change in the
development of clearer energies and in the development of
technological advancement.
• 6. Physics generate fundamental knowledge needed for the
future technological advances that will continue to device the
economic engine of the world.
• 7. Physics contribute to the technological infrastructure's and
provides trained personnel needed to take advantage of
scientific advances and discoveries.
• 8. Physics improves quality of life by providing the basic
understanding necessary for developing new instrumentations
and techniques for medical application like ultrasonic imaging
and lase surgey.
6. • VARIOUS IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS TO MAN AND
THE SOCIETY:
• 1. Physics improve health. (neurologist see how energy
flows inside the brain to see where problems could be
occuring)
• 2. Physics connect the world. ( development of internet,
telecommunication from radio waves to fiber optics).
• 3. Physics improved technology. (semiconductors and
magnetism in order to build processors and disk even
smaller and denser)
• 4. Physics drives progress. ( improved transportation
indirectly in everything from what materials to build cars,
of how to build efficient engines to navigating using the
global positioning system.
7. • System.
• 5. Physics clears the air. (detect problems and build system
that are better for the environment with technologist such as
solar power.
• 6. Physics fills the home. (CDs are possible, gadgets have
microprocessors, such as microwaves and phones)
• 7. Physics designs the future. (led to many innovations in the
substances from which product are made)
• 8. Physics launches new business.(global positioning system,
used in road maps in cars to prevent shifting)
• 9. Physics gives you a new appreciations of the world around
you.(rainbows, the amazing interactions between photons and
electrons, when light from the sun strikes spherical waters
droplets in the sky.
• 10. physics is fun. (studying physics gives you the opportunity
of playing with a lot of really cool toys).
8. • . PHYSICS as a Natural science:
• Physics provides the laws and principles on which the
rest of the modern science is built. We can that physics deals
with nature, thus physics is considered as a Natural science.
• NATURAL SCIENCE – is the systematic phenomenon
occurring in the material universe and the laws governing
them.
• When we study natural science, we must recognize that
the material universe composed of living and nonliving things
are creations of GOD and the laws governing them were
designed by HIM. The Natural Science Program is divided
into the study of the living creations of GOD as embodied in
the Biological Science and the study of the nonliving creations
of GOD as contained in the Physical Sciences.
9. • BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE- deals with the study of plants (
Botany) animals (Zoology) and the human body
(Anatomy).
• PHYSICAL SCIENCE – deals with matter and energy,
under this law, we have the study of the composition,
structure, properties and classification of matter
(Chemistry) and (physics).
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS:
1. MECHANICS – deals with the mechanical interaction
or movement. This branch studies the states of objects.
(ex. Designs of robots are a results of understanding
concepts of mechanics)
2. ELECTROMAGNETISM – explores the concept that
deals with electrical charges, electricity as well as
magnetism. (lightning, a powerful ex. Of how charges
10. • 3. HEAT - mostly deals with thermal properties of matter, gas
law as well as thermodynamics (deals with the study of the 3
forms of matter, solid, liquid and gas.
• 4. WAVES- deals with the propagation and vibratory properties
of matter, principles like interference, reflection and refraction
are examined.
• BASIC SI UNITS:
• QUANTITY UNIT
• Length meter (m)
• Time seconds (s)
• Mass kilogram (kg)
• Temperature kelvin (K)
• Electric current ampere (A)
• Luminous intensity candela (cd)
11. • VECTORS and SCALARS:
• Physical terms may either be “vector quantity” or “scalar
quantity”. Terms we regard as the same, like velocity and speed,
distance, and displacement, or even weight and mass actually have
different meaning.
• When we deal with quantities which concerned only with
“magnitude” we deal with “scalar” while those with both “magnitude
and direction” are called “vectors”
• DISTANCE and DISPLACEMENT:
• Two quantities which are interrelated are “ distance” and
“displacement”. Both of these terms refers to the length traveled
between two points. In Physics, however these two are different.
Why? This is because distance is a scalar quantity , while
displacement is a vector quantity. So from this, how do we
differentiate the two?
•
12. • SCALAR: Distance – refers to the length between two points.
• VECTOR: Displacement – is not only the length between two
points, but also its direction, which means knowing the starting
as well as the end points.
• SPEED and VELOCITY
• In calculating the rate of change of a body, which we
normally call speed or sometimes velocity, we must clarify that
these two are also different quantities. Speed is basically a
scalar term while velocity is a vector quantity.
• SCALAR: Speed – denotes the amount of change in distance
within a certain period of time.
• VECTOR: Velocity - is the change of displacement within a
certain period of time.
•
13. • Since DISPLACEMENT indicates a direction, then
the rate at which it changes must also indicate a
direction. VELOCITY is the vector term that is related to
displacement. SPEED, on the other hand, is related to
distance and is scalar.
• A SCALAR QUANTITY is completely specified by
stating only its magnitude. Other example of scalar
quantities includes
• MASS, LENGTH, TIME, VOLUME and ENERGY.
• A VECTOR QUANTITY on the other hand, required
both magnitude and direction for it to be completely
specified. Other example of vector includes WEIGHT,
FORCE, ACCELERATION and MOMENTUM.
14. • RESOLUTIONS OF VECTOR:
• The resolution of vectors is the process by which a
given vector is broken down or resolved into its two
perpendicular components. The component of a vector is
a certain direction is its effective magnitude in the
direction. The perpendicular component of the vector is
called its rectangular component .
• A. GRAPHICAL METHOD – that is utilizing
measurement tools like ruler or protractor to determine
the resultant vector graphically using the
PARALLELOGRAM and POLYGON METHOD.
15. • PROBLEM:
• A. Using a predetermined scale, 10 units, 1 cm. vector A is
30 units along the East and vector B is 45 units, 60 degrees
North of East. What is C= A+B ? . Express the magnitude in
terms of units and the direction in degrees with respect to the
East.
• Using the parallelogram, the magnitude of C is 65.38
units. Using your protractor, measure angle A to determine the
direction of Vector C. For this particular example, the angle is
36.6 degrees North of East.
• B. POLYGON METHOD – used in determining resultant of
two or more forces, done by connecting the head to tail
wherein the tail of the succeeding vector coincides with the
head of the previous vector
16. • Draw the resultant by drawing a line segment from the tail of
the first vector to the head of the last vector. Use the scale to
get its magnitude and a protractor to measure its angle.
• B. ANALYTICAL METHOD –can be determine using formula.
• a. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM- states that the square
of the hypotenuse of right triangle is the sum of the square of
the right triangle.
• R² = √A²+B²
• b. COSINE LAW – used when the angle between two
vectors is obtuse
• R²= √ F1² + F2²-2F1F2 cos
17.
18. • CONVERSION FACTORS:
• LENGTH VOLUME
• 1 cm - 10mm - 0.394 in 1ml- 1cc
• 1 m - 100 cm- 39.4 in – 3.28 ft. 1 liter- 1000ml
• 1 km - 1000m – 0.621miles 4 quarts-1gallon-3.785
liters
• 1 inch – 2.54cm MASS/WEIGHT
• 1 ft.-12in-0.305m-30.5cm 1kg-1000gm-2.2046
lbs
1 yard- 3ft.-36in-0.914m 1lb-16oz-0.454kg
1 mi-5280 ft-1.61 km 1 ton- 1000kg
